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Aboriginal and Non Indigenous Heritage

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Aboriginal and Non Indigenous Heritage Silverton Wind Farm NSW Stage 1 Aboriginal Heritage and Non Indigenous Heritage Assessment Volume 1 January 2008 A report to nghenvironmental on behalf of Silverton Wind Farm Developments Julie Dibden New South Wales Archaeology Pty Limited PO Box 2135 Central Tilba NSW 2546 Ph/fax 02 44737947 mob. 0427074901 [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY......................................................................................................................................................4 1.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................4 1.2 PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY.....................................................................................4 1.3 DESCRIPTION OF IMPACT..............................................................................................................................4 1.4 OBJECTIVES AND METHODS .........................................................................................................................5 1.5 PREVIOUS HERITAGE LISTINGS ....................................................................................................................6 1.6 RESULTS.......................................................................................................................................................6 1.7 CONCLUSIONS ..............................................................................................................................................7 1.8 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................8 2. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................12 2.1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................12 2.2 PROJECT PERSONNEL ..................................................................................................................................13 3. PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY ................................................................14 4. DESCRIPTION OF IMPACT......................................................................................................................15 4.1 IMPACT JUSTIFICATION...............................................................................................................................15 4.2 PROPOSED IMPACTS....................................................................................................................................15 4.3 HISTORY OF LANDUSE AND PRIOR IMPACTS................................................................................................18 4.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ..................................................................................................................................21 5. STUDY METHODOLOGY .........................................................................................................................22 5.1 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................................22 5.2 FIELD SURVEY AND METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................22 5.3 SURVEY COVERAGE VARIABLES ................................................................................................................26 6. LANDSCAPE CONTEXT............................................................................................................................28 6.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY .....................................................................................................................28 6.2 GEOMORPHOLOGY .....................................................................................................................................30 6.3 VEGETATION ..............................................................................................................................................31 7. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT - INDIGENOUS ................................................................................35 7.1 REGIONAL OCCUPATION .............................................................................................................................35 7.2 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED SITES...................................................................................................................36 7.3 ARCHAEOLOGY – THE LOCAL AREA ...........................................................................................................38 5.6 PREDICTIVE MODEL OF SITE TYPE AND LOCATION ....................................................................................44 8. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HERITAGE CONTEXT – NON-INDIGENOUS .....................................52 8.1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT ...............................................................................................................................52 8.2 HISTORICAL REGISTER SEARCHES ..............................................................................................................58 8.3 HISTORICAL THEMES .................................................................................................................................65 8.4 PREDICTIVE STATEMENTS ..........................................................................................................................67 9. SURVEY RESULTS .....................................................................................................................................69 9.1 EFFECTIVE SURVEY COVERAGE .................................................................................................................69 9.2 SURVEY RESULTS - INDIGENOUS ..............................................................................................................110 9.3 SURVEY RESULTS – NON INDIGENOUS .....................................................................................................126 10. STATUTORY CONTEXT .......................................................................................................................128 11. SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT ...........................................................................................................129 11.1 SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA - INDIGENOUS ............................................................................129 11.2 SIGNIFICANCE VALUE OF THE ABORIGINAL OBJECTS IN THE STUDY AREA............................................130 11.3 SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA – NON INDIGENOUS ...................................................................144 11.4 SIGNIFICANCE – NON INDIGENOUS.........................................................................................................145 12. MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES – ABORIGINAL OBJECTS ......................149 12.1 MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES.......................................................................................149 12.2 MANAGEMENT OPTIONS - SUMMARY .....................................................................................................150 13. MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES – NON INDIGENOUS................................177 14. RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................................................................................184 15. REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................187 List of Figures Figure 1. Indicative location of impact areas including the Silverton Wind Farm Stage 1 turbine envelope and transmission line (Broken Hill SH54-15 ed. 2 1:250,000 topographic map). .....................................................11 Figure 2. Location of the Silverton Wind Farm proposal area in a topographic context; transmission line shown is the visual impacts minimised route (Broken Hill 7134 2nd ed. 1:100,000 topographic map)..........................27 Figure 3. Location of the Silverton Wind Farm in relation to defined land systems (Broken Hill Land Systems Series Sheet SH 54 – 15): red line not relevant. .................................................................................................29 Figure 4. Map of the Barrier Mining District (Barrier Silver and Tin Fields in 1888 1970). .............................53 List of Tables Table 1. Plants observed in the proposal area during the November 2007 field trip...........................................33 Table 2. Results of AHIMS site search # 20121 for the area encompassed by the Stage 1 turbine area.............37 Table 3. Results of AHIMS site search # 20122 for the area encompassed by the proposed transmission line..38 Table 4. List of known mine leases within impact areas associated with Stage 1...............................................57 Table 5. Australian Heritage Database search results. ........................................................................................59 Table 6. State Heritage Inventory search results. ................................................................................................60 Table 7. National Trust of Australia (NSW) Register search results...................................................................62 Table 8. Heritage Items previously
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