A Development Process Generative Pattern Language
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Patterns Senior Member of Technical Staff and Pattern Languages Knowledge Systems Corp
Kyle Brown An Introduction to Patterns Senior Member of Technical Staff and Pattern Languages Knowledge Systems Corp. 4001 Weston Parkway CSC591O Cary, North Carolina 27513-2303 April 7-9, 1997 919-481-4000 Raleigh, NC [email protected] http://www.ksccary.com Copyright (C) 1996, Kyle Brown, Bobby Woolf, and 1 2 Knowledge Systems Corp. All rights reserved. Overview Bobby Woolf Senior Member of Technical Staff O Patterns Knowledge Systems Corp. O Software Patterns 4001 Weston Parkway O Design Patterns Cary, North Carolina 27513-2303 O Architectural Patterns 919-481-4000 O Pattern Catalogs [email protected] O Pattern Languages http://www.ksccary.com 3 4 Patterns -- Why? Patterns -- Why? !@#$ O Learning software development is hard » Lots of new concepts O Must be some way to » Hard to distinguish good communicate better ideas from bad ones » Allow us to concentrate O Languages and on the problem frameworks are very O Patterns can provide the complex answer » Too much to explain » Much of their structure is incidental to our problem 5 6 Patterns -- What? Patterns -- Parts O Patterns are made up of four main parts O What is a pattern? » Title -- the name of the pattern » A solution to a problem in a context » Problem -- a statement of what the pattern solves » A structured way of representing design » Context -- a discussion of the constraints and information in prose and diagrams forces on the problem »A way of communicating design information from an expert to a novice » Solution -- a description of how to solve the problem » Generative: -
Is Parallel Programming Hard, And, If So, What Can You Do About It?
Is Parallel Programming Hard, And, If So, What Can You Do About It? Edited by: Paul E. McKenney Linux Technology Center IBM Beaverton [email protected] December 16, 2011 ii Legal Statement This work represents the views of the authors and does not necessarily represent the view of their employers. IBM, zSeries, and Power PC are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. i386 is a trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States, other countries, or both. Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service marks of such companies. The non-source-code text and images in this doc- ument are provided under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States li- cense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/us/). In brief, you may use the contents of this document for any purpose, personal, commercial, or otherwise, so long as attribution to the authors is maintained. Likewise, the document may be modified, and derivative works and translations made available, so long as such modifications and derivations are offered to the public on equal terms as the non-source-code text and images in the original document. Source code is covered by various versions of the GPL (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html). Some of this code is GPLv2-only, as it derives from the Linux kernel, while other code is GPLv2-or-later. -
Capturing Interactions in Architectural Patterns
Capturing Interactions in Architectural Patterns Dharmendra K Yadav Rushikesh K Joshi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076, India Powai, Mumbai 400076, India Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] TABLE I Abstract—Patterns of software architecture help in describing ASUMMARY OF CCS COMBINATORS structural and functional properties of the system in terms of smaller components. The emphasis of this work is on capturing P rimitives & Descriptions Architectural the aspects of pattern descriptions and the properties of inter- Examples Significance component interactions including non-deterministic behavior. Prefix (.) Action sequence intra-component Through these descriptions we capture structural and behavioral p1.p2 sequential flow specifications as well as properties against which the specifications Summation (+) Nondeterminism choice within a component are verified. The patterns covered in this paper are variants of A1 + A2 Proxy, Chain, MVC, Acceptor-Connector, Publisher-Subscriber Composition (|) Connect matching multiple connected and Dinning Philosopher patterns. While the machines are CCS- A1 | A2 i/o ports in assembly components based, the properties have been described in Modal µ-Calculus. Restriction (\) Hiding ports from Internal The approach serves as a framework for precise architectural A\{p1, k1, ..} further composition features descriptions. Relabeling ([]) Renaming of ports syntactic renaming A[new/old, ..] I. INTRODUCTION In component/connector based architectural descriptions [6], [13], components are primary entities having identities in the represents interface points as ports uses a subset of CSP for system and connectors provide the means for communication it’s formal semantics. -
Wiki As Pattern Language
Wiki as Pattern Language Ward Cunningham Cunningham and Cunningham, Inc.1 Sustasis Foundation Portland, Oregon Michael W. Mehaffy Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology2 Sustasis Foundation Portland, Oregon Abstract We describe the origin of wiki technology, which has become widely influential, and its relationship to the development of pattern languages in software. We show here how the relationship is deeper than previously understood, opening up the possibility of expanded capability for wikis, including a new generation of “federated” wiki. [NOTE TO REVIEWERS: This paper is part first-person history and part theory. The history is given by one of the participants, an original developer of wiki and co-developer of pattern language. The theory points toward future potential of pattern language within a federated, peer-to-peer framework.] 1. Introduction Wiki is today widely established as a kind of website that allows users to quickly and easily share, modify and improve information collaboratively (Leuf and Cunningham, 2001). It is described on Wikipedia – perhaps its best known example – as “a website which allows its users to add, modify, or delete its content via a web browser usually using a simplified markup language or a rich-text editor” (Wikipedia, 2013). Wiki is so well established, in fact, that a Google search engine result for the term displays approximately 1.25 billion page “hits”, or pages on the World Wide Web that include this term somewhere within their text (Google, 2013a). Along with this growth, the definition of what constitutes a “wiki” has broadened since its introduction in 1995. Consider the example of WikiLeaks, where editable content would defeat the purpose of the site. -
Enterprise Integration Patterns Introduction
Enterprise Integration Patterns Gregor Hohpe Sr. Architect, ThoughtWorks [email protected] July 23, 2002 Introduction Integration of applications and business processes is a top priority for many enterprises today. Requirements for improved customer service or self-service, rapidly changing business environments and support for mergers and acquisitions are major drivers for increased integration between existing “stovepipe” systems. Very few new business applications are being developed or deployed without a major focus on integration, essentially making integratability a defining quality of enterprise applications. Many different tools and technologies are available in the marketplace to address the inevitable complexities of integrating disparate systems. Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) tool suites offer proprietary messaging mechanisms, enriched with powerful tools for metadata management, visual editing of data transformations and a series of adapters for various popular business applications. Newer technologies such as the JMS specification and Web Services standards have intensified the focus on integration technologies and best practices. Architecting an integration solution is a complex task. There are many conflicting drivers and even more possible ‘right’ solutions. Whether the architecture was in fact a good choice usually is not known until many months or even years later, when inevitable changes and additions put the original architecture to test. There is no cookbook for enterprise integration solutions. Most integration vendors provide methodologies and best practices, but these instructions tend to be very much geared towards the vendor-provided tool set and often lack treatment of the bigger picture, including underlying guidelines and principles. As a result, successful enterprise integration architects tend to be few and far in between and have usually acquired their knowledge the hard way. -
From a Pattern Language to a Field of Centers and Beyond Patterns and Centers, Innovation, Improvisation, and Creativity
From a Pattern Language to a Field of Centers and Beyond Patterns and Centers, Innovation, Improvisation, and Creativity Hajo Neis Illustration 1: University of Oregon in Portland Downtown Urban Campus The Campus is located in downtown Portland in adapted old warehouse buildings, and was first designed in the Oregon pattern language method with the principles of pat- terns and user participation. The White Stag building facilities are open since 2009. 144 Hajo Neis INTRODUCTION What we call now the ›overall pattern language approach‹ in architecture, urban design, and planning has grown from its original principle of ›pattern and pat- tern language‹ into a large and solid body of theory and professional work. To- day, pattern theory and practice includes a large number of principles, methods, techniques and practical project applications in which patterns themselves play a specific part within this larger body of knowledge. Not only has the pattern lan- guage approach grown in its original area of architecture, but it has also (though less triumphantly than silently) expanded into a large number of other disciplines and fields, in particular computer and software science, education, biology, com- munity psychology, and numerous practical fields. Nevertheless, we first have to acknowledge that the pattern approach originally started with a single principle almost 50 years ago, the principle of pattern and pattern language that gave the name to this school of thought and practical professional project work. In this article we want to trace some of the theoretical and practical develop- ment of the pattern method and its realization in practical projects. We want to explore how challenges and opportunities resulted in the adaptation of the pattern language method into various forms of pattern project formats and formulations including ›pattern language‹ and ›project language.‹ We want to look at various forms of innovations and techniques that deal with theoretical improvements as well as the necessities of adaptation for practical cases and projects. -
A Survey of Architectural Styles.V4
Survey of Architectural Styles Alexander Bird, Bianca Esguerra, Jack Li Liu, Vergil Marana, Jack Kha Nguyen, Neil Oluwagbeminiyi Okikiolu, Navid Pourmantaz Department of Software Engineering University of Calgary Calgary, Canada Abstract— In software engineering, an architectural style is a and implementation; the capabilities and experience of highest-level description of an accepted solution to a common developers; and the infrastructure and organizational software problem. This paper describes and compares a selection constraints [30]. These styles are not presented as out-of-the- of nine accepted architectural styles selected by the authors and box solutions, but rather a framework within which a specific applicable in various domains. Each pattern is presented in a software design may be made. If one were to say “that cannot general sense and with a domain example, and then evaluated in be called a layered architecture because the such and such a terms of benefits and drawbacks. Then, the styles are compared layer must communicate with an object other than the layer in a condensed table of advantages and disadvantages which is above and below it” then one would have missed the point of useful both as a summary of the architectural styles as well as a architectural styles and design patterns. They are not intended tool for selecting a style to apply to a particular project. The to be definitive and final, but rather suggestive and a starting paper is written to accomplish the following purposes: (1) to give readers a general sense of several architectural styles and when point, not to be used as a rule book but rather a source of and when not to apply them, (2) to facilitate software system inspiration. -
Pattern Languages in HCI: a Critical Review
HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION, 2006, Volume 21, pp. 49–102 Copyright © 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Pattern Languages in HCI: A Critical Review Andy Dearden Sheffield Hallam University Janet Finlay Leeds Metropolitan University ABSTRACT This article presents a critical review of patterns and pattern languages in hu- man–computer interaction (HCI). In recent years, patterns and pattern languages have received considerable attention in HCI for their potential as a means for de- veloping and communicating information and knowledge to support good de- sign. This review examines the background to patterns and pattern languages in HCI, and seeks to locate pattern languages in relation to other approaches to in- teraction design. The review explores four key issues: What is a pattern? What is a pattern language? How are patterns and pattern languages used? and How are values reflected in the pattern-based approach to design? Following on from the review, a future research agenda is proposed for patterns and pattern languages in HCI. Andy Dearden is an interaction designer with an interest in knowledge sharing and communication in software development. He is a senior lecturer in the Com- munication and Computing Research Centre at Sheffield Hallam University. Janet Finlay is a usability researcher with an interest in design communication and systems evaluation. She is Professor of Interactive Systems in Innovation North at Leeds Metropolitan University. 50 DEARDEN AND FINLAY CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE SCOPE OF THIS REVIEW 2.1. General Software Design Patterns 2.2. Interface Software Design Patterns 2.3. Interaction Design Patterns 3. A SHORT HISTORY OF PATTERNS 3.1. -
Antipatterns Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis
AntiPatterns Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis William J. Brown Raphael C. Malveau Hays W. McCormick III Thomas J. Mowbray John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publisher: Robert Ipsen Editor: Theresa Hudson Managing Editor: Micheline Frederick Text Design & Composition: North Market Street Graphics Copyright © 1998 by William J. Brown, Raphael C. Malveau, Hays W. McCormick III, and Thomas J. Mowbray. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per−copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750−8400, fax (978) 750−. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158−, (212) 850−, fax (212) 850−, E−Mail: PERMREQ @ WILEY.COM. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. -
The Origins of Pattern Theory the Future of the Theory, and the Generation of a Living World
THE ORIGINS OF PATTERN THEORY THE FUTURE OF THE THEORY, AND THE GENERATION OF A LIVING WORLD Christopher Alexander Introduction by James O. Coplien nce in a great while, a great idea makes it across the boundary of one discipline to take root in another. The adoption of Christopher O Alexander’s patterns by the software community is one such event. Alexander both commands respect and inspires controversy in his own discipline; he is the author of several books with long-running publication records, the first recipient of the AIA Gold Medal for Research, a member of the Swedish Royal Academy since 1980, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, recipient of dozens of awards and honors including the Best Building in Japan award in 1985, and the American Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture Distinguished Professor Award. It is odd that his ideas should have found a home in software, a discipline that deals not with timbers and tiles but with pure thought stuff, and with ephemeral and weightless products called programs. The software community embraced the pattern vision for its relevance to problems that had long plagued software design in general and object-oriented design in particular. September/October 1999 IEEE Software 71 Focusing on objects had caused us to lose the pattern discipline that the software community has system perspective. Preoccupation with design yet scarcely touched: the moral imperative to build method had caused us to lose the human perspec- whole systems that contribute powerfully to the tive. The curious parallels between Alexander’s quality of life, as we recognize and rise to the re- world of buildings and our world of software con- sponsibility that accompanies our position of influ- struction helped the ideas to take root and thrive in ence in the world. -
An AI Pattern Language
AN AI PATTERN LANGUAGE M.C. Elish and Tim Hwang INTELLIGENCE & AUTONOMY INITIATIVE Data & Society This publication was produced as part of the Intelligence and Autonomy initiative (I&A) at Data & Society. I&A is supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. The Intelligence & Autonomy initiative develops research connecting the dots between robots, algorithms and automation. Our goal is to reframe policy debates around the rise of machine intelligence across sectors. For more information, visit autonomy.datasociety.net Authors: M.C. Elish and Tim Hwang Book design by Jeff Ytell and illustrations by Sarah Nicholls. Published by Data & Society, 36 West 20th Street, 11th floor, New York, NY 10011 c b a vn 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-1539033820 ISBN-10: 1539033821 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 1 a. Document overview ........................................... 3 b. Project background ............................................ 4 c. Methodology ..................................................... 6 d. Definitions: What do we talk about when we talk about AI? ........................ 7 i. Artificial intelligence .......................................... 8 ii. Machine learning ............................................... 9 iii. Deep learning & neural networks .................... 10 iv. Autonomy & autonomous systems .................. 11 v. Automation ..................................................... 12 vi. Machine intelligence ....................................... -
A Pattern Language for Designing Application-Level Communication Protocols and the Improvement of Computer Science Education Through Cloud Computing
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2017 A Pattern Language for Designing Application-Level Communication Protocols and the Improvement of Computer Science Education through Cloud Computing Jorge Edison Lascano Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Lascano, Jorge Edison, "A Pattern Language for Designing Application-Level Communication Protocols and the Improvement of Computer Science Education through Cloud Computing" (2017). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 6547. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6547 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PATTERN LANGUAGE FOR DESIGNING APPLICATION-LEVEL COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION THROUGH CLOUD COMPUTING by Jorge Edison Lascano A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Computer Science Approved: ______________________ ____________________ Stephen W. Clyde, Ph.D. Curtis Dyreson, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Haitao Wang, Ph.D. Young-Woo Kwon, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Luis Gordillo, Ph.D. Mark R. McLellan, Ph.D. Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2017 ii Copyright © Jorge Edison Lascano 2017 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT A Pattern Language for Designing Application-Level Communication Protocols and the Improvement of Computer Science Education through Cloud Computing by Jorge Edison Lascano, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2017 Major Professor: Stephen W.