ALB4SS_atlas 4/27/06 3:16 PM Page 299
Atlas
What Is a Map? 300
Skill Power Reading a Map 301
Skill Power Using Scale to Measure Distance 302
Alberta: Major Communities 303
Skill Power Reading a Physical Map 304
Alberta: Physical Map 305
Alberta: Some Major Tourist Attractions 306
Alberta: National and Provincial Parks 307
Alberta: Historic Sites and Museums 308
Alberta: Facts and Figures 309
Alberta: Symbols 310
Canada: Historical Maps 312
Canada 314
The World 316
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What Is a Map?
A map is a drawing of the Earth on a flat surface. Maps do not show what the land actually looks like. For that, you need a picture. Instead, maps use symbols and colours to show some of the features of the land. Look at the picture and the map of the same area below. In what other ways is a map different from a picture?
Picture of Mary’s Bay
Map of Mary’s Bay
0102030 N Legend kilometres Water Road W E Building Land S
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SKILL POWER Reading a Map
Map makers add special features to maps to help us understand the maps. Following these steps will help you with your map reading.
Step 1 Read the title. It tells you what the map is about. Then look at the whole map to get a general idea of the information it gives.
Step 2 Find the legend for the map. Sometimes a legend is called a key. The legend explains the colours and symbols used on the map.
Legend
Water Road Building Land
Step 3 Look for different colours on the map. Colours show different features. Check what the features are by matching the colours to the legend. Remember that blue is used to show water features such as lakes, rivers, and oceans.
N Step 4 Find the compass rose. It will show directions on the map. North is always near the top. W E
S Step 5 Look at the scale. It will tell you about distance on the map.
0102030
kilometres
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SKILL POWER Using Scale to Measure Distance
The scale of the map tells you about the actual distance between the places. Follow these steps to use a scale to measure distance between two points on the map. The example below shows the distance between Calgary and Edmonton. Practise the steps by finding the distance between other communities on the map on the opposite page.
ALBERTA 0 50 100 150
kilometres Step 1 Mark Step 2 Place the locations the edge of the of the two paper against Edmonton places on the the map scale, edge of a sheet with the first of paper. mark at 0. Calgary
0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 kilometres kilometres
Step 3 Make a mark on Step 4 Move your paper so that your paper at the right end your mark lines up with 0 on the of the scale. line scale. Measure the next distance. Now add the distances together to find the total distance.
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Alberta: Major Communities
r e Slave River iv R CARIBOU ay H MOUNTAINS r ive N ce R Lake Pea Athabasca W W
a
E b
a
s c BIRCH S a MOUNTAINS R iv er Fort Peace McMurray River ALBERTA
Lesser Slave Grande Lake Prairie
r e iv R
Cold Lake y er k basca Riv o ha m t Fort R S A St. Albert Saskatchewan O Spruce Grove Edmonton North C Stony Plain Lloydminster Saskatchewan K Leduc River Jasper Camrose Y Wetaskiwin
Lacombe M Red Deer
R O e d U D Legend e Drumheller e r CochraneN R Airdrie i More than 100 000 people Banff ve Calgary r South CanmoreT 10 000 –100 000 people Saskatchewan A Bow Less than 10 000 people Okotoks R Brooks River iv e Rivers I r
N Provincial boundary dman River Ol Medicine
S Hat Lethbridge River 0 100 200 300 Milk
kilometres
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SKILL POWER Reading a Physical Map
A physical map shows the features of the land. Most physical maps use colour to show the height of the land. Mountains, hills, and areas of flat land can be identified. You can get an idea of what the land looks like by using a “slice” through the land. The diagram below shows a cross- section along the dotted line (from “A” to “B”) on the map on the opposite page. How would the slice be different if “A” to “B” was from Jasper to Lake Athabasca?
Cross-section of Alberta Elevation 3000 m Oldman River South Saskatchewan 2000 m Bow River River
1000 m
0 AB
Follow these steps to read a physical map. Step 1 Identify any areas that are patterned to show the height or shape of the land. Step 2 The legend of a physical map will often tell you the height of the land, in metres. Use the legend to identify which areas are higher and which are lower. Notice that lower land is generally green. Map makers often use green for lower land and brown for higher areas. Step 3 A physical map helps you to tell which ways the rivers flow. Rivers flow “down” from higher areas of land to lower areas.
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Alberta: Physical Map
River Slave r ive ce R Lake Lake N ea P Claire Athabasca W E
S Fort McMurray
Peace ALBERTA River Utikuma Lake Lesser Slave Lake Grande Prairie
ive a R r sc a r b e a iv h R t A Edmonton North R hewa atc n MOUNT ROBSON sk Lloydminster Saskatchewan O a
C S River h
K t r
Y o
N Red Deer M R e MOUNT COLUMBIA O d U D MOUNT FORBES e e N r South T Ri ve r Saskatchewan Legend A Calgary I River N Over 3000 metres MOUNT S Bow R iv Medicine 2000–3000 metres ASSINIBOINE e r Hat r 1000–2000 metres ldman Rive B A O 500–1000 metres Lethbridge Under 500 metres
0 100 200 300
kilometres
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Alberta: Some Major Tourist Attractions
Wood Buffalo National Park
Fort McMurray Peace 1 River ALBERTA
Grande Slave Lake Prairie
7 8 9 Edmonton Vegreville 12 10 11 3 Jasper 2 Elk Island National Jasper National Park 4 5 Banff Park MOUN ROCKY 6 National 13 Red Deer Park TAINS Lake Louise Drumheller 14 Calgary 15 24 Banff 18 20 21 16 19 N 17 25 Medicine W Hat E 23 22 Lethbridge S 0 100 200 300 Waterton Lakes kilometres National Park
Legend
1. Heritage Park 11. Telus World of 19. Calgary Zoo, Botanical Garden, 2. Jasper Gondola Science and Prehistoric Park 3. Jasper Park Lodge 12. Ukrainian Easter Egg 20. Nakoda Institute 4. Athabasca Falls 13. Alberta Sports Hall of 21. Stampede Park 5. Maligne Lake Fame and Museum 22. Nikka Yuko Japanese Gardens 6. Columbia Icefield 14. Banff Upper Hot Springs 23. World’s Tallest Teepee 7. Devonian Botanic Garden 15. Banff Springs Hotel 24. Royal Tyrrell Museum 8. Edmonton Art Gallery 16. Banff Gondola 25. Dinosaur Provincial Park 9. Muttart Conservatory 17. Kananaskis Country 10. West Edmonton Mall 18. Calgary Science Centre National Park
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Alberta: National and Provincial Parks
Slave r Wood ve River Ri Buffalo ay National N H ver Park ce Ri Pea Lake W Claire E
S
Dunvegan ALBERTA Provincial Park
Lesser Slave Lake
Obed Lake er asca Riv Provincial ab h Park t R A Edmonton O C Elk Island K National Jasper Y Park National
Park M
O U Dry Island Banff N Buffalo Jump Provincial Park National T Calgary Legend Park A Canmore Medicine National Park I HatCypress Hills Nordic Centre N Interprovincial Provincial South Provincial Park S Park Park Saskatchewan River
0 100 200 300 Waterton Lakes National Park kilometres
Tangle Falls, Jasper National Park 307 ALB4SS_atlas 4/27/06 3:16 PM Page 308
Alberta: Historic Sites and Museums
Legend
1. Historic Dunvegan 2. Oil Sands Discovery Centre 3. Grande Prairie Museum 4. Father Lacombe Chapel Fort 5. Victoria Settlement McMurray 6. Fort George and Buckingham House Peace 2 River ALBERTA 7. Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village 8. Fort Edmonton 1 9. Royal Alberta Museum Grande 10. Stephansson House Prairie N 11. Royal Tyrrell Museum 3 12. Canadian Olympic Park 6 5 13. Glenbow Museum 4 14. Heritage Park Historical Village Edmonton 7 15. Turner Valley Gas Plant 9 22 8 16. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Jasper 25 17. The Fort—Museum of the North-West 24 Mounted Police 23 Red Deer 10 18. Stand Off N 19. Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park 21 11 Calgary 20. Frank Slide Interpretive Centre W 13 Drumheller E Banff 12 21. Cave and Basin National Historic Site 14 22. Jasper Park Lodge 15 Medicine S Hat 23. Rocky Mountain House 16 17 20 24. Fort Normandeau Crowsnest Pass Lethbridge 25. Reynolds Alberta Museum Fort Macleod 18 19 0 100 200 300 ■ Historic Site or Museum
kilometres
Royal Alberta Museum
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Alberta: Facts and Figures
Area 661 190 square kilometres
Highest point Mount Columbia: 3747 metres
Lowest point Slave River: 152 metres
Largest lakes Lake Claire, Lake Athabasca
Longest rivers Peace River and Athabasca River
Annual precipitation Lowest Medicine Hat (335 mm) Highest Jasper (620 mm)
Average temperature Lowest Fort Smith (–24°C in January) Highest Medicine Hat (19°C in July)
Population 3 223 400 in 2005
Oil and gas Ninth-largest oil producer and third-largest natural gas producer in the world
Agriculture Over 20 million hectares
Forestry Forests cover over half of the province
National parks Banff, Elk Island, Jasper, Waterton Lakes, and Wood Buffalo
World Heritage Wood Buffalo National Park, Canadian Rocky Mountain Sites Parks (includes Banff and Jasper), Waterton Lakes National Park, Dinosaur Provincial Park, and Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump
Pelican Rapids, Slave River
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Alberta: Symbols
Flag
Coat of Arms
Motto: Strong and Free
Provincial flower: Provincial tree: Provincial grass: Wild rose Lodgepole pine Rough fescue
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Provincial mammal: Provincial fish: Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep Bull trout
Provincial stone: Petrified wood
Provincial tartan (cloth)
Green for forests
Blue for lakes and skies Gold for wheat fields Pink for the wild rose
Black for coal and oil
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Canada: Historical Maps
Canada at Confederation, 1867
• Nova Scotia • New Brunswick N • Québec N • Ontario O R W E T TH T H E E – R W R E S I T T O E R S R Y N NEW R U FO P E R UN B T ’ S L A N D D R L C ITI A OL SH N UM D BIA
C E PRINCE B É EDWARD U ISLAND Q NOVA ON TARIO SCOTIA 0 500 1000 1500 NEW BRUNSWICK kilometres
Canada, 1876
• Nova Scotia • New Brunswick • Prince Edward Island • Québec N • Ontario O R TH • Manitoba -W T ES • British Columbia E T District R R I T NE O WF R I of O E S UN B D R T L C ITI WES A OL SH Keewatin NORTH- N UM D BIA RIES TERRITO
C E PRINCE B É EDWARD O U NT ISLAND AR Q IO NOVA MANITOBA SCOTIA NEW BRUNSWICK
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Canada, 1882
• Nova Scotia N O • New Brunswick R TH • Prince Edward Island -W EST • Québec T E R • Ontario R I T O R • Manitoba I E S District • British Columbia NE WF Di of O stri UN B ct D RI A of ST L CO TIS th K -WE A L H aba eewatin NORTH N UM sca D BI D A ist ES rict D ORI istric TERRIT of Sask t of A atche lbe wan rta D C istric E PRINCE t of M B Ass ANIT É inibo OBA EDWARD ia O U NT ISLAND AR Q IO NOVA Disputed SCOTIA area NEW BRUNSWICK
Canada, 1905
• Nova Scotia Dis trict • New Brunswick N of Franklin OR • Prince Edward Island T Y TH E U W R K EST IES R O TERRITOR • Québec I N TO RY Di • Ontario stri Ma ct o cke f • Manitoba nzie • Saskatchewan NEW FO • Alberta D UN B istrict of D R L C IT A Keew A • British Columbia O IS L atin f N L H BER t o UM TA istric D • Yukon Territory BI D ava A Ung
TCHEWAN EC B PRINCE M É ANITOBA U EDWARD SASKA O Q NT ISLAND AR IO NOVA SCOTIA NEW BRUNSWICK
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Canada
ARCTIC OCEAN
United States of America Beaufort Sea
Great Bear YUKON Lake TERRITORY
Whitehorse NORTHWEST TERRITORIES NUNAVUT
Yellowknife
Great Slave Lake
BRITISH COLUMBIA Lake Athabasca CANADA H ALBERTA SASKATCHEWAN Edmonton MANITOBA
Victoria Lake Winnipeg PACIFIC OCEAN Regina
Winnipeg
Su ke p La
United States of America
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GREENLAND
Baffin Bay
D N a v is S t W E ra Foxe it Basin S Iqaluit
N E Labrador Sea W F O U 0 500 1000 N D L A N D kilometres A N D Hudson L A Bay B R A D O R
James Bay St. John’s
Gulf of QUÉBEC St. Lawrence PRINCE EDWARD ONTARIO ISLAND NEW ATLANTIC BRUNSWICK Charlottetown OCEAN Fredericton Québec pe Halifax rior NOVA SCOTIA La OTTAWA Legend ke n H a u Lake g r i o Toronto h n Ontario National capital c
i
M Provincial or territorial capital
e
k ie a Er L ke La
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The World
ARCTIC OCEAN
GREENLAND (DENMARK) ALASKA (USA) ICELAND SW
NORWAY CANADA UNITED KINGDOM IRELAND P GERMAN
FRANCE UNITED STATES NORTH IT OF AMERICA SPAIN ATLANTIC PORTUGAL OCEAN TUN
MOROCCO ALGERIA
CUBA THE BAHAMAS WESTERN MEXICO SAHARA DOMINICAN HAWAII JAMAICA REPUBLIC (USA) MAURITANIA BELIZE MALI NIGE HONDURAS PACIFIC GUATEMALA SENEGAL NICARAGUA GAMBIA OCEAN EL SALVADOR BURKINA GUINEA BISSAU NIGERIA GUYANA GUINEA COSTA RICA VENEZUELA SURINAME SIERRA LEONE PANAMA GHANA FRENCH GUIANA LIBERIA COLOMBIA IVORY COAST BENIN Equator TOGO GA ECUADOR CAMEROON EQUATORIAL GUINEA
PERU BRAZIL CONGO A
BOLIVIA SOUTH NA PARAGUAY ATLANTIC OCEAN
S URUGUAY
ARGENTINA CHILE
N Falkland Islands (UNITED KINGDOM) W E
South Georgia Island Prime Meridian (UNITED KINGDOM) S
AN
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ARCTIC OCEAN
WEDEN RUSSIA FINLAND
POLAND BELARUS Y UKRAINE KAZAKHSTAN MONGOLIA NORTH PACIFIC KOREA JAPAN UZBEKISTAN OCEAN GEORGIA KYRGYZSTAN SOUTH TALY ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN KOREA TURKMENISTAN TURKEY TAJIKISTAN GREECE CHINA SYRIA NISIA CYPRUS LEBANON AFGHANISTAN ISRAEL IRAQ IRAN JORDAN PAKISTAN BHUTAN KUWAIT BAHRAIN NEPAL LIBYA EGYPT QATAR TAIWAN SAUDI INDIA ARABIA MYANMAR UNITED ARAB OMAN EMIRATES ER LAOS ERITREA BANGLADESH PHILIPPINES CHAD YEMEN VIETNAM SUDAN DJIBOUTI THAILAND FEDERATED STATES A SOMALIA CAMBODIA OF MICRONESIA CENTRAL AFRICAN ETHIOPIA BRUNEI REPUBLIC SRI LANKA MALAYSIA UGANDA KENYA ABON PAPUA RWANDA SINGAPORE ZAIRE BURUNDI NEW INDIAN GUINEA TANZANIA OCEAN INDONESIA MALAWI SOLOMON ISLANDS MOZAMBIQUE ANGOLA TUVALU ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWE MADAGASCAR VANUATU AMIBIA MAURITIUS BOTSWANA RÉUNION FIJI
SWAZILAND NEW AUSTRALIA CALEDONIA LESOTHO SOUTH AFRICA
0 1000 2000 3000 NEW ZEALAND kilometres
NTARCTICA
317