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VOLUME 6:2 SPRING 2008 Guest Editor The Experiences of Audrey Kobayashi, Second Generation Queen’s University Canadians Support was also provided by the Multiculturalism and Human Rights Program at Canadian Heritage. Spring / printemps 2008 Vol. 6, No. 2 3 INTRODUCTION 69 Perceived Discrimination by Children of A Research and Policy Agenda for Immigrant Parents: Responses and Resiliency Second Generation Canadians N. Arthur, A. Chaves, D. Este, J. Frideres and N. Hrycak Audrey Kobayashi 75 Imagining Canada, Negotiating Belonging: 7 Who Is the Second Generation? Understanding the Experiences of Racism of A Description of their Ethnic Origins Second Generation Canadians of Colour and Visible Minority Composition by Age Meghan Brooks Lorna Jantzen 79 Parents and Teens in Immigrant Families: 13 Divergent Pathways to Mobility and Assimilation Cultural Influences and Material Pressures in the New Second Generation Vappu Tyyskä Min Zhou and Jennifer Lee 84 Visualizing Canada, Identity and Belonging 17 The Second Generation in Europe among Second Generation Youth in Winnipeg Maurice Crul Lori Wilkinson 20 Variations in Socioeconomic Outcomes of Second Generation Young Adults 87 Second Generation Youth in Toronto Are Monica Boyd We All Multicultural? Mehrunnisa Ali 25 The Rise of the Unmeltable Canadians? Ethnic and National Belonging in Canada’s 90 On the Edges of the Mosaic Second Generation Michele Byers and Evangelia Tastsoglou Jack Jedwab 94 Friendship as Respect among Second 35 Bridging the Common Divide: The Importance Generation Youth of Both “Cohesion” and “Inclusion” Yvonne Hébert and Ernie Alama Mark McDonald and Carsten Quell 99 The Experience of the Second Generation of 39 Defining the “Best” Analytical Framework Haitian Origin in Quebec for Immigrant Families in Canada Maryse Potvin Anupriya Sethi 104 Creating a Genuine Islam: Second Generation 42 Who Lives at Home? Ethnic Variations among Muslims Growing Up in Canada Second Generation Young Adults Rubina Ramji Monica Boyd and Stella Y. Park 110 Handing Down the Entrepreneurial Spirit from 47 Identity and Political Participation among the First to the Second Generation among Young Second Generation Immigrants Ethnic Minorities in Montréal Nicole Gallant Sébastien Arcand 50 Acculturation and Adaptation 115 Racialized Youth, Identity and the Labour of Immigrant Youth Market: The Vietnamese Second Generation John W. Berry Esther Rootham 54 Psychosocial Integration of Second and 118 Preliminary Understanding of Challenges in Third Generation Racialized Youth in Canada Entering the Job Market: Experience of New Nazilla Khanlou Generation Youth from Visible Minority 58 When Might the Two Cultural Worlds of Second Immigrant Families Generation Biculturals Collide? Miu Chung Yan, Sean Lauer and Surita Jhangiani Richard N. Lalonde and Benjamin Giguère 121 Striking a Balance in Canada’s Diversity 63 Six Major Characteristics of Second Generation Dialogue: The Case of the Portuguese- Youth in Toronto, Winnipeg and Calgary Canadian Community Yvonne Hébert, Lori Wilkinson and Mehrunnisa Ali Fernando Nunes 126 77th Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences Selected Sessions and Papers Related to Immigration, Diversity and Second Generation Youth, May 31 to June 8, 2008 Canadian Diversity is published by This edition of Canadian Diversity is supported by the Metropolis Project. Diversité canadienne est publié par Ce numéro de Diversité canadienne est commandité par le projet Metropolis. PRESIDENT / PRÉSIDENT The Honourable Herbert Marx / L’honorable Herbert Marx OUTGOING PRESIDENT / PRÉSIDENT SORTANT Canadian Diversity is a quarterly publication of the Association for Canadian Studies Maurice Basque (ACS). It is distributed free of charge to individual and institutional members of the FRENCH LANGUAGE SECRETARY / SECRÉTAIRE DE LANGUE FRANÇAISE ACS. Canadian Diversity is a bilingual publication. All material prepared by the ACS is Jocelyn Létourneau, Université Laval published in both French and English. All other texts are published in their language ENGLISH LANGUAGE SECRETARY / SECRÉTAIRE DE LANGUE ANGLAISE Minelle Mahtani, University of Toronto of origin. Opinions expressed in articles are those of the authors and do not necessari- ly reflect the opinions of the ACS. The ACS is a a voluntary non-profit organization. It ATLANTIC PROVINCES REPRESENTATIVE / REPRÉSENTANTE DE L’ATLANTIQUE Marie-Linda Lord, Université de Moncton seeks to expand and disseminate knowledge about Canada through teaching, research and publications. The ACS is a scholarly society and a member of the Humanities and QUEBEC REPRESENTATIVE / REPRÉSENTANT DU QUÉBEC Kimon Valaskakis, Global Governance Group Social Science Federation of Canada. ONTARIO REPRESENTATIVE / REPRÉSENTANT DE L’ONTARIO Irving Abella, York University Canadian Diversity acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Department of Canadian Heritage for this project. PRAIRIES PROVINCES AND NORTHWEST TERRITORIES REPRESENTATIVE / REPRÉSENTANT DES PRAIRIES ET DES TERRITOIRES DU NORD-OUEST Gerald Gall, University of Alberta BRITISH COLUMBIA AND YUKON REPRESENTATIVE / Diversité canadienne est une publication trimestrielle de l’Association REPRÉSENTANT DE LA COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE ET DU YUKON d’études canadiennes (AÉC). Elle est distribuée gratuitement aux membres de l’AÉC. Jean Teillet, Pape Salter Teillet Diversité canadienne est une publication bilingue. Tous les textes émanant de l’AÉC STUDENTS’ REPRESENTATIVE AND TREASURER / sont publiés en français et en anglais. Tous les autres textes sont publiés dans leur REPRÉSENTANTE DES ÉTUDIANTS ET TRÉSORIÈRE Andrea Braithwaite, McGill University langue d’origine. Les collaborateurs et collaboratrices de Diversité canadienne sont entièrement responsables des idées et opinions exprimées dans leurs articles. L’AÉC est EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE ACS / DIRECTEUR GÉNÉRAL DE L’AÉC Jack Jedwab un organisme pancanadien à but non lucratif dont l’objet est de promouvoir DIRECTOR OF PROGRAMMING AND ADMINISTRATION / l’enseignement, la recherche et les publications sur le Canada. L’AÉC est une société DIRECTEUR DES PROGRAMMES ET ADMINISTRATION savante et membre de la Fédération canadienne des sciences humaines et sociales. James Ondrick DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS / DIRECTRICE DES PUBLICATIONS Diversité canadienne bénéficie de l’appui financier du Gouvernement du Canada par le Marie-Pascale Desjardins biais du ministère du Patrimoine canadien. EDITOR / RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF Jack Jedwab MANAGING EDITOR / DIRECTRICE À LA RÉDACTION LETTERS/LETTRES Marie-Pascale Desjardins Comments on this edition of Canadian Diversity? DESIGN / GRAPHISME We want to hear from you. Write to: Llama Communications • 819-776-6888 • [email protected] Canadian Diversity - Letters, ACS, 1822A rue Sherbrooke Ouest ADVERTISING / PUBLICITÉ [email protected] Montréal (Quebec) H3H 1E4 Or e-mail us at [email protected] DISTRIBUTION Disticor Direct Your letters may be edited for length and clarity. 695 Westney Road South, Unit 14 Ajax, Ontario L1S 6M9 Des commentaires sur ce numéro ? ACS ADDRESS / COORDONNÉES DE L’AÉC Écrivez-nous à : 1822, rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal (QC) H3H 1E4 514-925-3096 Diversité canadienne - Lettres, AÉC, 1822A, rue Sherbrooke Ouest E-mail / Courriel : general acs-aec.ca @ Montréal (Québec) H3H 1E4 RUN OF 11,000 COPIES / TIRAGE DE 11 000 EXEMPLAIRES Ou par courriel à [email protected] CONVENTION POSTE PUBLICATION, 41006541 Vos lettres peuvent être modifiées pour des raisons éditoriales. Canadian Diversity / Diversité canadienne 2 A RESEARCH AND POLICY AGENDA FOR SECOND GENERATION CANADIANS: INTRODUCTION tories of the second generation are deeply woven into the romantic narratives of every immigrant society: ambitious and starry-eyed Horatio Alger types who rise from “rags to riches,” espousing Stheir immigrant parents’ Old World values of family, education, and hard work to become model citizens and community leaders. As those who examine social and economic influences in society, social scientists, policy analysts and, of course, community workers are able to understand that such mythology surrounding the second generation is deeply gendered and racialized; it also mythologizes a society in which everyone can make good based on simple hard work and adherence to an equally Audrey Kobayashi received her doctorate in 1983 from the University ofAUDREY California at KOBAYASHI Los Angeles. She taught Geography and East Asian Studies at McGill University from 1983 to 1994, after which she moved to Queen’s initially as University, Director of the Institute of Women’s Studies (1994 to 1999) and thereafter as Professor of In Geography. 1994, she was a Fulbright Fellow at the Migration Policy Institute in DC. Washington, Her research interests revolve around the question of how processes of human – differentiation race, class, gender, ability, national identity – emerge in a range of landscapes that includes homes, streets and She workplaces. places strong emphasis on public policy, and on the legal and frameworks that legislative enable social change. mythical set of dominant values. The other problem with any national mythology is that it is often“true” to the extent that it represents a realistic course for those for whom the“second-generation-made-good” story is attainable. National narratives socially construct the possibilities and the normative pathways to social inclusion and attainment. This volume reflects the work of social scientists and policy-research analysts coming
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