Tonga Bibliography This List of Over 320 Entries Is Based on the Research Bibliography of Roderick Ewins, Phd
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The political ecology of a Tongan village Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Stevens, Charles John, 1950- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 00:11:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290684 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly fi-om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter &ce, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper lefr-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. -
Tonga-Netherlands First Encounter: a Meeting of Cultures
Tonga-Netherlands first encounter: a meeting of cultures Acknowledgements/Fakatapu Introduction It is my pleasure to have been asked to give this lecture on the 400th anniversary of the visit of Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire to the Niuas in May 1616. I have decided to retell the story of the first encounter between Tonga and the Netherlands in terms of a ‘cultural grafting/partnership’. It was a first cultural encounter (where the perceptions, understandings and misconceptions of each culture were brought to bear on the other). Some of the resulting outcomes, both good and bad, were inevitable given the vast distance in spatial, geographical and knowledge between the Dutch and Tongan worlds. This led to a cultural exchange where goods whether physical (bananas, coconuts, nails, yams, pigs, beads) were exchanged, or intellectual (witnessing of Tongan seamanship and sailing craft by the Dutch), or marine lore (the presumption by the Dutch, and to the surprise of the Tongans, that the understanding of marine protocol applied universally. That is that it was understood the world over), or political governance (the apparent hierarchy which allowed the king of Niuatoputapu to make presentations of hospitality to the Dutch seamen), or conceptions of the other (where recordings in written and oral traditions of the encounter and its articulation in search of understanding – most often of course the struggle to understand the other is made difficult by the fact that we are restricted to using existing internal/local/national perceptions and analyses with which we are familiar). This necessarily makes us, even with the best intentions, more insular looking and ignorant of the very things we search for. -
Fakaongo and Tau'ataina :|B the Influences of the Tongan Traditional
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. FAKAONGO AND TAU’ATAINA: The Influences of the Tongan Traditional Religion, the European Civilization and Wesleyan Teachings on the formation of Tongan religious identities. Paula Onoafe Latu Student ID. 10186501 A Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy at Massey University, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND 2011. Map of the Kingdom of Tonga Page0of193 Source: GIS, Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources, Kingdom of Tonga. Page1of193 Dedication To the memory of His Majesty King Tupou I, Shirley Waldemar Baker, Jabez Bunting Watkin, Sione Latu II and the kau Tau’ataina; and Her Royal Highness Princess Salote Pilolevu, James Egan Moulton, John Havea, Sione Latu I and the kau Fakaongo, whose loyalties, sufferings, and faithful commitments inspired this thesis writing. Page2of193 Acknowledgement This study, on the influence of the Tongan traditional religion, the European civilization and Wesleyan doctrine on the formation of the Tongan religious identity: Fakaongo and Tau’ataina, was conducted through the College of Humanities and Social Sciences of Massey University, Albany Campus, Auckland, New Zealand. The completion of this work was made possible with the support of many, whom I would like to acknowledge. First, I extend a very sincere thanks to my supervisor, Professor Peter Lineham for his advice, guidance and assistance in the shaping of this thesis. I thank Miss Lavinia Ongo ‘Olive ‘e Ua Manoa and Mrs Jeniffer Ma’u for proof reading of the drafts of this thesis. -
Persistence Gift1085.Pdf
1760 Tonga Niuafo’ou National capital Tafahi VAVA’U Internal administrative name 0 Niuatoputapu 160 16 Internal administrative capital Nggelelovu TONGATAPU (administered from Nuku’alofa) 0 50 100 Kilometers Wailagi Lala 0 50 100 Miles 0 Vanua Balavu 172 Mago Tuvuca Fonualei Nayau VAVA’U Toku Island reef SOUTH VAVA’UI GROUP Moco FIJI Vava’u Namuka-i-lau Neiafu YAGASA Late CLUSTER PACIFIC Island Fulanga Ogea Driki Island Ha’ano ISLANDS OCEAN Island Kao Foa Tofua Pangai Vatoa Island Lifuka 200 HA’APAI ‘Uiha Island 200 GROUP Fonuato’ou Nomuka HA’APAI Ono-i-lau Hunga Ha’apai Albert Meyer Tuvana-i-Ra Reef Nuku’alofa Tongatapu TONGATAPU ‘Ohonua GROUP ‘Eua TONGATAPU TONGA 1720 KIRIBATA ‘Ata PAPUA SOLOMON NEW GUINEA ISLANDS TUVALU Wallis and WESTERN Futuna (FR.) SAMOA American Coral FIJI Samoa Sea VANUATU (U.S.) Niuo TONGA (N.Z.) New Caledonia (FR.) SOUTH PACIFIC AUSTRALIA OCEAN Minerva Reefs (TONGA) 240 240 Tasman Sea NEW Longitude West of Greenwich 1760 ZEALAND Map of Tonga Persistence of the Gift Tongan Tradition in Transnational Context This page intentionally left blank Persistence of the Gift Tongan Tradition in Transnational Context Mike Evans Wilfrid Laurierw University Press This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. We acknowledge the financial sup- port of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Devel- opment Program for our publishing activities. National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Evans, Mike, 1961- Persistence of the gift : Tongan tradition in transnational context Includes bibliographical references and index. -
The State and the Church, the State of the Church in Tonga Heneli T
The State and the Church, the State of the Church in Tonga Heneli T. Niumeitolu Ph.D. Thesis The University of Edinburgh 2007 I hereby declare that this thesis constitutes my own research and writing, and it has not been submitted in any previous application for a degree. All quotations have been distinguished and the source information acknowledged. Heneli Taliai Niumeitolu February 2007 i Dedication This thesis is dedicated with deep gratitude to my parents Rev. Dr. Siaosi and Sauliloa Afa Niumeitolu who taught me about loving and living for others. ii Abstract This dissertation examines the impact of ‘Tongan culture’ as represented by those with power in the Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga (FWC). The word “free” in the name of a church usually denotes the desire to be independent of the State or any other outside control but in this context it was often the contrary. From the outset of the Wesleyan Mission in 1826, the chiefs who embodied and controlled Tonga, welcomed the early European explorers yet with the twin underlying aims of gaining benefits while simultaneously maintaining their supremacy. The dissertation argues that the outcome leaves the FWC in dire need of inculturation, with Gospel challenging ‘Culture.’ Historical and anthropological approaches are used to substantiate this claim. Encouraged by Captain Cook’s report the missionaries arrived and were welcomed by the chiefs. The conversion of the powerful Taufa‘ahau was pivotal to the spread of the Wesleyan Mission yet this marriage of convenience came at a cost because Taufa‘ahau had his own agenda of what a church should be. -
Culture and Constitutions in Western Samoa and Tonga
EDITOR’S FORUM PREDICAMENTS IN POLYNESIA: CULTURE AND CONSTITUTIONS IN WESTERN SAMOA AND TONGA Rodney C. Hills Centre for Pacific Development and Training Mosman, New South Wales Both Western Samoa and Tonga have adopted unique constitutions, each reached by very different recent histories. Yet two hundred years ago these societies appeared similar, at least to foreigners. This essay briefly compares and contrasts the histories of Western Samoa and Tonga, whose formal constitutions were devised with necessary com- promises between tradition and modernity in order to cope with mod- ern legislative needs. The Western Samoan and Tongan constitutions have recently faced challenges to the systems of representation origi- nally devised in them. These challenges are described and the advan- tages and disadvantages faced by each country in adapting to change are briefly discussed in terms of its attitudes to history, tradition, and contemporary politics. Samoa and Tonga lie in the southwest extremity of Polynesia, which spreads to Hawaii far to the northeast and to beyond French Polynesia to the southeast. Tonga and Western Samoa are two of the geographi- cally closest Polynesian countries: Their nearest islands are a mere 300 kilometers apart. The people and their ways of life were and are more similar to each other than to those of the Melanesian countries to the northwest. For centuries there was both friendly and warlike contact between them. There was chiefly intermarriage, and each nation fig- ures in the traditional stories and legends of the other. Starting with similar Polynesian social systems, Samoa and Tonga Pacific Studies, Vol. 16, No. 4--December 1993 115 116 Pacific Studies, Vol. -
The Roots of Instability: Administrative and Political Reform in Tonga
The Roots of Instability: Administrative and Political Reform in Tonga Palenitina Langa’oi Introduction The Kingdom of Tonga is the only remaining monarchy in the South Pacific. Until very recently, Tonga was considered one of the most stable countries in the Pacific. However changes such as globalization, better education, international migration and the push for a more democratic government have led to political problems in the last few years. In trying to understand the roots of administrative and political reform in Tonga, this paper will analyze how Tonga avoided direct colonization and achieved stability for so long, and why this long-term consensus broke down in the last few years. In doing so, the paper will start with a review of political instability in the Pacific and the typical causes. The next section will discuss the peculiar history of Tonga, in particular the late 19th century and the influence of missionaries on Tonga’s social and political structure. This will be followed by a discussion of the 1875 constitutional dispensation and why it has broken down, paving the way for the upheavals since 2005. The conclusion will focus on what Tonga can do to avoid becoming just another failed Pacific island state in the future. While administrative and political reforms have been conducted worldwide, Oceania has its own narratives. The Pacific island states, usually referred to as Oceania, vary significantly in many critical respects of their geography and social, economic and political systems. The physical features of these islands range across a large array of landforms. These include the low-lying atolls with vast central lagoons such as those typical of Polynesia and Micronesia (Herr 2005), and mountainous islands of volcanic origin in Polynesia and Melanesia. -
Monumental Architecture and Landscape History of the Tongan Classical Chiefdom
Monumental Architecture and Landscape History of the Tongan Classical Chiefdom by Travis A. C. Freeland B.A., Trent University, 2010 M.A., Simon Fraser University, 2013 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Archaeology Faculty of Environment Travis A. C. Freeland 2018 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2018 Approval Name: Travis A. C. Freeland Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title: Monumental architecture and landscape history of the Tongan Classical Chiefdom Examining Committee: Chair: Catherine D'Andrea Professor David Burley Senior Supervisor Professor Francesco Berna Supervisor Assistant Professor Dana Lepofsky Internal Examiner Professor Department of Archaeology Patrick V. Kirch External Examiner Chancellor’s Professor Emeritus Department of Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Date Defended/Approved: April 3, 2018 ii Abstract Beginning ca. AD 950, increasing populations and the rise of socio-political hierarchies in Tonga, West Polynesia, resulted in the development of a dynastic, geographically integrated, paramount chiefdom. The principal island of Tongatapu was the epicentre of this polity. Ranked chiefs affirmed power and rights to land through monumental construction and a dispersed settlement pattern that fully occupied inherited estates. In this dissertation, I characterize monumental architecture on Tongatapu, particularly the form and distribution of earthen mounds. Aerial LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) survey in 2011 revealed the totality of monumental and community-level construction on Tongatapu. Thousands of mounds and other earthen features, the product of some 1,000 years of funerary behaviour, chiefly competition, and conflict, are highly structured in their arrangement on the landscape. Using a combination of automated and manual identification approaches, combined with field checks, I have mapped and characterized the mounds and other features of Tongatapu.