DOCSLIB.ORG

Atlantic Universities Geoscience Conference 2011: 61St Annual Conference, October 20-22, 2011

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Atlantic Universities Geoscience Conference 2011: 61St Annual Conference, October 20-22, 2011 Document generated on 09/30/2021 1:10 p.m. Atlantic Geology Atlantic Universities Geoscience Conference 2011: 61st Annual Conference, October 20-22, 2011 Volume 47, 2011 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/ageo47abs03 See table of contents Publisher(s) Atlantic Geoscience Society ISSN 0843-5561 (print) 1718-7885 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this document (2011). Atlantic Universities Geoscience Conference 2011: 61st Annual Conference, October 20-22, 2011. Atlantic Geology, 47, 201–210. All rights reserved © Atlantic Geology, 2011 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ atlantic geology . volume 47 . 2011 201 Atlantic Universities Geoscience Conference 2011 ABSTRACTS October 20–22, 2011 61st ANNUAL CONFERENCE HOstED BY: ALEXANDER MURRAY GEOLOGICAL CLUB MEMORIAL UNIVERsItY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, st. JOHN’s, NEWFOUNDLAND Abstracts from the Atlantic Universities Geoscience Conference (AUGC) are published annually in Atlan- tic Geology. Such publication provides a permanent record of the abstracts, and also focuses attention on the excellent quality of the oral presentations and posters and the interesting and varied geoscience topics that they cover. tHE EDItORs AtLANtIC GEOLOGY 47, 201–210 (2011) Copyright © Atlantic Geology, 2011 0843-5561|08|00185–10$2.50|O atlantic geology . volume 47 . 2011 202 Constraining hydrothermal and magmatic modeling suggests that the residue melts significantly impacted processes beneath the Merensky Reef and metal tenor and ratios in the Upper Critical Zone magma. UG2 Chromitite, Bushveld Complex, RSA ERIN E. ADLAkHA1, JACOB J. HANLEY1, AND Estimating a depth of entrapment for three-phase C. A. HEINRICH2 saline aqueous fluid inclusions in the 1. Ore Fluids and Exploration Laboratory, Department East Bull Lake Intrusion, Ontario, Canada of Geology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 ¶ 2. ETH Zurich, Institute of Geochemistry BRANDON M. BOUCHER and Petrology, CH, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland Ore Fluids and Exploration Laboratory, Department of Geology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 This thesis takes on a two-part study of late-stage pegmatite Halite-bearing fluid inclusions are present in a vast range of veins and pipes which cross-cut stratigraphic units within the geologic settings and deposits, most commonly porphyry and Bushveld Complex, South Africa. The compositional evolution magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits, and represent the only of a late magmatic to a hydrothermal system, via a comprehen- evidence of an original fluid composition involved in system sive fluid and melt inclusion study, is constrained in addition evolution. Microthermetric studies on three-phase inclusions to the thermochemical characterization of the system during that homogenize via halite dissolution (after vapour bubble pegmatite crystallization. disappearance) can be useful in determining the minimum Quartz and andesine contain primary inclusions of mag- pressure of entrapment in a particular system by relating the matic origin, varying from early, low salinity, two-phase aque- liquid-vapour homogenization temperature (ThL-V) to the ha- ous inclusions to late, nearly anhydrous, NaCl-CaCl2-dominant lite dissolution temperature (Tmhalite). Once homogenization halide melt inclusions. Silicate melt inclusions (high K and gra- temperatures for an inclusion are recorded, an isochore can nitic) are also present, and are unambiguously coeval with the be plotted that intersects the halite liquidus. This point of in- halide melt inclusions, demonstrating that the late-stage felsic tersection can then be used to determine a relative depth of liquid was saturated in this salt melt. Analyses of melt inclu- entrapment of a deposit. sions by LA-ICP-MS indicate high concentrations of precious This method was used on mafic pegmatite samples collected metals such as Pd and Au (0.2–0.6 ppm range) at the time of from the East Bull Lake pluton in Ontario, Canada. The area their entrapment. Trace element modeling, using the silicate is an exploration prospect for PGE-Cu-Ni sulphide mineraliza- melt inclusions in conjunction with bulk pegmatite analysis, tion, as well as a prospective site for safe, long-term disposal of shows that the formation of the late-stage pegmatite units are nuclear waste by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. If applied by low degrees (~1 vol%) of fractional crystallization of the correctly, this information can be useful in expanding our un- granitic melt. derstanding of current ore distribution and exploration models. SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis of mineralized Results from this study conclude (1) the inclusions that re- cores within the pegmatite veins show pyrrhotite and pent- port the highest homogenization temperatures, and therefore landite as primary, vug-infilling metals with early inclusions highest salinity, represent fluids trapped at the highest pres- of melonite [(Ni, Pd) Te2]. Normative abundance patterns are sures and minimum depth of entrapment; (2) subsequent in- most similar to those from the Bushveld Platreef, showing a clusions reporting pressures lower than the minimum depth marked enrichment in Pd relative to Pt (Pd/Pt > 8), Cu relative of entrapment represent late stage (post-solidus) magmatic- to Ni (Cu/Ni > 20) and significant depletion in Ir. Secondary hydrothermal solutions that circulated through the system chalcopyrite replacement of pyrrhotite and hessite fracture after initial mineralization; (3) minimum depth of entrapment infill was also observed. of the EBL intrusion is estimated at about 10 km, and corre- Radiometric 40Ar/39Ar dating of biotite (~2022–2044 Ma) sponds to a minimum trapping pressure of ~300 Mpa for the indicates the crystallization age of the pegmatite is synchronous deepest inclusions. with the Bushveld Complex, (~2054 Ma) and disproves previ- ous speculation that the crystallization of the pegmatite was related to the neighboring Pilannesburg Dyke Swarm (~1300 Testing the use of cosmogenic nuclides to Ma). Mössbauer spectroscopy and EMP (electron microprobe) determine subglacial bed deformation analyses show direct evidence that slightly oxidizing (within ~1 log unit of the FMQ redox buffer), halide melt-saturated silicate LOGAN T.C. BROWN residues were ore metal-bearing during entrapment; therefore, Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, metals at this time were carried via sulfide complexes. Ore/ac- Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 cessory metal ratios in the melt inclusions and pegmatite sul- fide assemblages are consistent with the bulk rock metal ratios The Hartlen till is an extensive, variably thick (up to 20 m), of pyroxenite cumulates below the Merensky Reef, suggesting highly compacted, grey silty diamicton that cores many of the that metals were scavenged from those cumulates. Quantitative drumlins exposed along the eastern shore of central Nova Sco- Abstracts– Atlantic Universities Geoscience Conference, October 20–22, 2011 Copyright © Atlantic Geology, 2011 atlantic geology . volume 47 . 2011 203 tia. It has been well characterised and due to its apparent ho- the chemistry of distinctive titanite generations can be linked mogeneity many of the observations made at specific locations to processes for which ages can be determined. are transferrable to its other outcroppings. Based on ice flow The purpose of this study is to document the major and measurements, pebble provenance, and offshore stratigraphy, trace element chemistry of previously dated titanite from se- it has been determined that the till was deposited during the lected plutonic rocks ranging in composition from gabbro to Caledonian glacial phase but its exact age has yet to be deter- syenite, and from metamorphic rocks ranging from greenschist mined. As it commonly occurs at the base of the terrestrial to granulite facies. These data will be used to potentially iden- stacks of tills, it may comprise material from the Meguma and tify characteristic signatures of titanite crystallized in different associated terranes that had been previously weathered. The geological environments. overlying tills appear more immature (clasts are more angular, To establish the analytical technique, a large gem-quality and greater abundance of clasts) but have different sources. titanite was analyzed by laser ICP-MS, electron microprobe The unit has been proposed to be a lodgement till. Diamicton and ion microprobe, and these results cross-calibrated. This pebble fabric data are being collected at Lawrencetown, Nova crystal is now the internal standard. Samples were mounted in Scotia, to investigate this interpretation, and software will be epoxy, polished and coated in gold, and then imaged by BSE used to determine the eigenvalue to characterize the till type using an SEM to identify internal complexities such as cores based on previous research on glaciogenic sediments. The till vs rims, or growth zoning. Analyses were carried out using a provides an ideal means of demonstrating the plausibility of a Cameca 4f ion microprobe with a primary O- ion beam. Data deformable bed in a drumlin environment.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Acadia Geology Alumni/Ae Newsletter
    Acadia Geology Alumni/ae Newsletter Issue 21 December, 2009 Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 [email protected] VIEW FROM ACADIA As I write this message, my term as the “acting head” course, it costs less to deliver. Another aspect of of Earth and Environmental Science is rapidly budgetary constraints is a lack of replacements for drawing to a close. Rob Raeside returns as head faculty on sabbatical. In the “good old days” such beginning Jan. 1, 2010, and it is probably a “toss-up” absences were typically covered by a full-time faculty as to which one of us is happier about that! To be replacement, but now we are lucky to receive one honest, however, I found many aspects of being “per-course replacement”. Such replacements have department head to be rewarding, and if we did not been great but they are paid specifically to teach the have a capable and willing incumbent returning to the single course assigned to them, and hence do not job, continuing in the role would have been OK. provide any coverage for other activities integral to running a department, such as counselling students, The past year at Acadia has more than lived up to the supervising honours and special project students, supposed ancient Chinese curse “may you live in serving on committees, and so on. This ripple-down interesting times”. The main topic occupying effect hits especially hard in a small department such everyone’s mind on campus has been the university as ours. Fortunately, faculty in E&ES have been budget.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Aborigines and Meteorites
    Records of the Western Australian Museum 18: 93-101 (1996). Australian Aborigines and meteorites A.W.R. Bevan! and P. Bindon2 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2 Department of Anthropology, Western Australian Museum, Francis Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000 Abstract - Numerous mythological references to meteoritic events by Aboriginal people in Australia contrast with the scant physical evidence of their interaction with meteoritic materials. Possible reasons for this are the unsuitability of some meteorites for tool making and the apparent inability of early Aborigines to work metallic materials. However, there is a strong possibility that Aborigines witnessed one or more of the several recent « 5000 yrs BP) meteorite impact events in Australia. Evidence for Aboriginal use of meteorites and the recognition of meteoritic events is critically evaluated. INTRODUCTION Australia, although for climatic and physiographic The ceremonial and practical significance of reasons they are rarely found in tropical Australia. Australian tektites (australites) in Aboriginal life is The history of the recovery of meteorites in extensively documented (Baker 1957 and Australia has been reviewed by Bevan (1992). references therein; Edwards 1966). However, Within the continent there are two significant areas despite abundant evidence throughout the world for the recovery of meteorites: the Nullarbor that many other ancient civilizations recognised, Region, and the area around the Menindee Lakes utilized and even revered meteorites (particularly of western New South Wales. These accumulations meteoritic iron) (e.g., see Buchwald 1975 and have resulted from prolonged aridity that has references therein), there is very little physical or allowed the preservation of meteorites for documentary evidence of Aboriginal acknowledge­ thousands of years after their fall, and the large ment or use of meteoritic materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation of Minimum and Maximum Isotope Ratios of Selected Elements in Naturally Occurring Terrestrial Materials and Reagents by T
    U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Compilation of Minimum and Maximum Isotope Ratios of Selected Elements in Naturally Occurring Terrestrial Materials and Reagents by T. B. Coplen', J. A. Hopple', J. K. Bohlke', H. S. Reiser', S. E. Rieder', H. R. o *< A R 1 fi Krouse , K. J. R. Rosman , T. Ding , R. D. Vocke, Jr., K. M. Revesz, A. Lamberty, P. Taylor, and P. De Bievre6 'U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA 2The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada 3Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia Institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 "institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Commission of the European Communities Joint Research Centre, B-2440 Geel, Belgium Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4222 Reston, Virginia 2002 U.S. Department of the Interior GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director The use of trade, brand, or product names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information contact: Chief, Isotope Fractionation Project U.S. Geological Survey Mail Stop 431 - National Center Reston, Virginia 20192 Copies of this report can be purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Box 25286 Denver, CO 80225-0286 CONTENTS Abstract......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract: Investigation of the Form and Age of the Bloody Creek Crater
    Atlantic Geology . Volume 48 . 2012 40 Investigation of the form and age of the Bloody Creek Crater, southwestern Nova Scotia Mariella Nalepa1, Ian Spooner1, and Peter Williams2 1. Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Acadia Uni- versity, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada <[email protected]> ¶ 2. Department of Physics, Acadia Uni- versity, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada Virtually all terrestrial impact craters exhibit a circular geometry in plan-form; only three impact sites exhibiting non-circular, elongate forms have been identified on Earth. One of these exceptional sites is the Bloody Creek Crater located in southwestern Nova Scotia, an approximately 0.42 km long-axis elliptical crater first identified in 1987 during a regional air photo survey. It was confirmed as an impact crater in 2009 through integrated geomorphic, geophysical, and petrographic data. The structure’s rare ellipticity, pristine definition, preservation through shock metamorphic features of anomalously high pressures at the rim, low depth-to-diameter ratio, as well as age remain ambiguous and complicate the interpretation of the origin and evolution of the crater. The purpose of this study is to quantify the form of the feature in order to better understand the nature and age of impact. To achieve this objective, analytical software was used to assess the shape of the crater rim. An extensive review of the literature was also performed to understand the controls on crater formation as well as to synthesize a model for the geological evolution of the site which would aid in the interpretation of the age of the structure. Results demonstrate that the form of the crater rim is best approximated by an ellipse, as illustrated by comparison of the RMSE (Root-Mean-Square Error) calculated for various geometric models.
    [Show full text]
  • ANIC IMPACTS: MS and IRONMENTAL P ONS Abstracts Edited by Rainer Gersonde and Alexander Deutsch
    ANIC IMPACTS: MS AND IRONMENTAL P ONS APRIL 15 - APRIL 17, 1999 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Germany Abstracts Edited by Rainer Gersonde and Alexander Deutsch Ber. Polarforsch. 343 (1999) ISSN 01 76 - 5027 Preface .......3 Acknowledgements .......6 Program ....... 7 Abstracts P. Agrinier, A. Deutsch, U. Schäre and I. Martinez: On the kinetics of reaction of CO, with hot Ca0 during impact events: An experimental study. .11 L. Ainsaar and M. Semidor: Long-term effect of the Kärdl impact crater (Hiiumaa, Estonia) On the middle Ordovician carbonate sedimentation. ......13 N. Artemieva and V.Shuvalov: Shock zones on the ocean floor - Numerical simulations. ......16 H. Bahlburg and P. Claeys: Tsunami deposit or not: The problem of interpreting the siliciclastic K/T sections in northeastern Mexico. ......19 R. Coccioni, D. Basso, H. Brinkhuis, S. Galeotti, S. Gardin, S. Monechi, E. Morettini, M. Renard, S. Spezzaferri, and M. van der Hoeven: Environmental perturbation following a late Eocene impact event: Evidence from the Massignano Section, Italy. ......21 I von Dalwigk and J. Ormö Formation of resurge gullies at impacts at sea: the Lockne crater, Sweden. ......24 J. Ebbing, P. Janle, J, Koulouris and B. Milkereit: Palaeotopography of the Chicxulub impact crater and implications for oceanic craters. .25 V. Feldman and S.Kotelnikov: The methods of shock pressure estimation in impacted rocks. ......28 J.-A. Flores, F. J. Sierro and R. Gersonde: Calcareous plankton stratigraphies from the "Eltanin" asteroid impact area: Strategies for geological and paleoceanographic reconstruction. ......29 M.V.Gerasimov, Y. P. Dikov, 0 . I. Yakovlev and F.Wlotzka: Experimental investigation of the role of water in the impact vaporization chemistry.
    [Show full text]
  • Studie Van De Chronologie Van Genesis En Exodus
    Chronologie van Genesis en Exodus 5285 v.Chr. Schepping 5285-4335 Adam 5055-4143 Set (Seth) 4850-3945 Enos 4660-3750 Kenan (Kainan) 4490-3595 Mahalalel (Mahalaleël) 4325-3363 Jered 4163-3798 Henoch 3998-3029 Metuselach (Methusalem) 3811-3058 Lamech 3623-2673 Noach 3123 Geboorte van Jafet 3121-2521 Sem 3028-3024 Bouw van de ark 3023 v.Chr. Zondvloed 3021-2456 Arpachsad 2886-2426 Kenan (Kainan) 2756-2296 Selach (Selah) 2673 Verhuizing naar de vlakte van Sinear 2626-2222 Eber (Heber) 2492 v.Chr. Spraakverwarring 2492-2153 Peleg 2465 Bewoning van het land Kanaän in een grot bij Tel Aviv 2362-2123 Reü (Rehu) 2230-2000 Serug 2201 Stad met 2.000 à 3.000 inwoners bij Jeruzalem 2100-1952 Nachor (Nahor) 2021-1876 Terach 1951 Geboorte van Abram 1941 Geboorte van Saraï 1876 v.Chr. Abram en Saraï naar Kanaän 1851 Geboorte van Isaak 1814 Overlijden van Sara 1811 Huwelijk van Isaak en Rebekka 1791 Geboorte van Esau en Jakob 1776 Overlijden van Abraham 1751 Huwelijk van Esau met Kanaänitische vrouwen 1714 Jakob naar Haran 1704 Geboorte van Levi 1700 Geboorte van Jozef 1694 Jakob terug in Kanaän 1683 Jozef naar Egypte verkocht 1671 Overlijden van Isaak 1670 Jozef onderkoning van Egypte 1669-1663 De zeven jaren van overvloed 1662-1656 De zeven jaren van hongersnood 1661 v.Chr. Jakob met zijn elf zonen naar Egypte 1644 Overlijden van Jakob 1590 Overlijden van Jozef 1567 Overlijden van Levi 1526 Geboorte van Mozes 1446 v.Chr. Uittocht uit Egypte 1406 Intocht in Kanaän Afkortingen LXX = Septuaginta LXX A = Septuaginta volgens de Codex Alexandrinus LXX B = Septuaginta volgens de Codex Vaticanus MT = Masoretische Tekst SamP = Samaritaanse Pentateuch Gebed Geest van God, leer mij te gaan over de golven, in vertrouwen U te volgen, te gaan waar U mij heen leidt.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Atlantic Geoscience Society ABSTRACTS 38th Colloquium & Annual General Meeting 2012 Moncton, New Brunswick The 2012 Colloquium & Annual General Meeting was held at the Delta Beauséjour Hotel, Moncton, New Brunswick, on February 3 and 4, 2012. On behalf of the society, we thank Colloquium Chairperson Susan Johnson and her organizing committee (Serge Allard, Pam Dickinson, Jacob Hanley, Nicole Hatheway, Fenton Isenor, Dan Kontak, Maurice Mazerolle, Steve McCutcheon, Mike Parkhill, Cyndie Pitre, Brian Roulston, Ian Spooner, Jim Walker, and Reg Wilson) for providing an excellent meeting. We also wish to acknowledge support of the corporate sponsors: Potash Corp.(Potash Company of Saskatchewan); SWN Resources; Xstrata Zinc; Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of New Brunswick; Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada (Atlantic); C.I.M.(New Brunswick Branch); Corridor Resources; and the New Brunswick Geological Surveys Branch. In the following pages, we are pleased to publish the abstracts of oral presentations and posters from the Colloquium, which focused on the following themes: Paleontology in Atlantic Canada; Surficial Geology and Geochemistry; Stratigraphy and Sedimentology; Tectonics and Structure; Economic Geology; and Current Research in the Atlantic Provinces (and Beyond); a workshop on Practical Application of Fluid Inclusion Studies to Ore Deposit Settings; and a tour of Potash Corp’s, Potash Mine in Sussex, New Brunswick. THE EDITORS ATLANTIC GEOLOGY 48, 20-53(2012) Copyright © Atlantic Geology 2012 0843-5561|12|00020-53$6.25|0 Atlantic Geology . Volume 48 . 2012 21 New Brunswick surficial mapping program: review and Impact of inconsistent density scaling on physical highlights analogue models of margin-scale salt tectonics Serge Allard and Pam Dickinson Janice Allen1 and Christopher Beaumont2 Geological Surveys Branch, New Brunswick Department of Natural 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia Aastaraamat 2012 XVIII (45)
    EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA AASTARAAMAT XVIII (45) 2 0 1 2 Facta non solum verba EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA AASTARAAMAT ANNALES ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM ESTONICAE XVIII (45) 2012 TALLINN 2013 EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA Aastaraamatu koostajad: Leo Mõtus (vastutav toimetaja), Galina Varlamova ISSN 1406-149x © EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA SISUKORD Saateks . 5 Kroonika . 7 Akadeemia liikmeskond . 13 Üldkogu, juhatus, osakonnad, nõukogud, komisjonid . 19 Akadeemia üritused . 40 Teaduse populariseerimine . 47 Akadeemia medalid, auhinnad . 50 Akadeemia väljaanded . 53 Teaduslikud välissuhted . 54 Ettekanded üldkogu istungitel . 58 Riiklikud autasud akadeemikutele . 79 Juubelid . 81 Personaalia . 100 Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus . 112 Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia Underi ja Tuglase Kirjanduskeskus . 115 Finantstegevus . 120 Assotsieerunud asutused . 123 Assotsieerunud organisatsioonid . 150 Akadeemikute publikatsioonid . 187 Arvamusi akadeemikutelt . 229 In memoriam . 237 Meenutagem . 243 Lisa1 Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia arengukava 2014–2020: kontseptuaalsed alused . 247 Lisa 2 Rahvusvaheliste teadusorganisatsioonide Eesti kontaktorganid . 250 Lisa 3 Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia koostöölepingud partnerorganisatsioonidega . 253 INFO . 254 3 SAATEKS 2012. aastal jätkus Akadeemia liikmeskonna koondnäitajate pa- randamise protsess, valisime uusi liikmeid nii kaetavate erialade va- liku, liikmete keskmise bioloogilise vanuse kui ka Akadeemia näh- tavuse parandamiseks ühiskonnas. 2008. aastal alanud majandus- kriisi mõju ei ole seni veel lõppenud, riigieelarveline toetus Akadee-
    [Show full text]
  • Earth's Impact History Through Geochronology
    EARTH’S IMPACT HISTORY THROUGH GEOCHRONOLOGY Featured Story · From the Desk of Lori Glaze · News from Space · Meeting Highlights · Spotlight on Education · In Memoriam · Milestones · New and Noteworthy · Calendar LUNAR AND PLANETARY INFORMATION BULLETIN April 2019 Issue 156 Issue 156 2 of 97 April 2019 Featured Story Earth’s Impact History Through Geochronology Unlike the pockmarked Moon, whose surface has been shaped by impacts large and small for more than 4 billion years, planet Earth has retained a few relics of that cosmic bombardment. Tectonic activity that recycles crust along active plate margins, erosion, and the burial of impact craters underneath layers of sediment and lava have either removed or concealed the majority of the Earth’s cosmic scars. Only 199 impact structures (counting fields of small impact craters produced during the same event as one) and 40 individual horizons of proximal and distal impact ejecta (again, counting layers with the same age at different localities as one) have thus far been recognized on our planet (Fig. 1). Those impact structures and deposits span a time from more than ~3.4 billion years (Ga) before present (Archean impact spherule layers in South Africa and Western Australia) to roughly 6 years ago (the Chelyabinsk airburst in Russia on February 15, 2013, which shattered windows and whose main stony meteorite mass produced a 8-meter-wide circular hole in the frozen Lake Chebarkul; see Issue 133). Although impact rates have dramatically decreased since the early portion of solar system history, we see that meteorite impacts are still an ongoing geologic process and remain a constant threat (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Essor Mayer Humi, Advisor Project Number: MH-0140
    URN: 02D1071 Project Number: MH-0140- HUMANITY AND SPACE An Interactive Qualifying Project Report submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by Victoria Chaplick 6vCjek Berlinda Fernan ez Nathaniel Godin Ian Walton Date: April 26, 2002 essor Mayer Humi, Advisor Table of Contents Abstract 4 Executive Summary 5 Introduction 6 1.2 Motivations for and Dangers of Space Travel 16 1.3 Additional Considerations 26 1.3.1 Humanity's Needs in Space 27 1.3.2 The Possibility of Alien Life Forms 30 1.4 Destinations for Space Colonization 34 1.4.1 Space Station Colonization 34 1.4.2 Safety Concerns for Permanently Inhabited Space Stations 35 1.4.3 Economic Possibilities and Social Situations in Space Stations 36 1.4.4 Lunar Colonization 39 1.4.5 Asteroid Colonization 42 1.4.6 Martian Colonization 47 2.1 Stages for the Colonization of Mars 49 2.1.1 Scientific Research 50 2.1.2 Human Exploration and Colonization of Mars 52 2.1.3 Commercialization of Mars 53 2.1.4 Terraforming Mars 54 2.2 The Pros and Cons of Colonizing Mars 55 2.2.1 The Technological and Scientific Benefits of Colonizing Mars 56 2.2.2 The Case Against Colonizing Mars 60 2.3 Historical and Legal Aspects of Colonization 64 2.3.1 Historical Analogies 64 2.3.2 Legal Aspects of Mars Colonization 67 2.4 NASA's Current Preparations for a Mission to Mars 70 2.4.1 Proposed Plans for a Manned Mission to Mars 71 2.4.2 Mars Direct Mission Plan 72 2.4.3 Mars Semi-Direct Mission Plan 74 2.4.4 Transportation
    [Show full text]
  • Accuracy in Genesis From
    Accuracy in Genesis from http://www.accuracyingenesis.com April 2010 Editor H. Daily CONTENTS Section One: New Perspectives on Genesis 1. The Days of Genesis 1 2. The Heavens 5 3. After their Kind 9 4. In Our Image 11 5. Adam Named 22 6. Surely Die 23 7. The Curse 25 8. Farming 28 9. Herbs 37 10. Rain 39 11. Ararat 41 12. The Flood 46 13. How much is All ? 55 14. Noah's Ark 57 15. Chronology 62 16. Babel 66 17. Sodom and Gomorrah 71 18. Dragons 75 19. Biblical Archaeology 76 20. Happy 82 21. The Long Day 84 Section Two: New Perspective Translations 1. Genesis 1, In the Beginning God 87 2. Genesis 2, Adam and Eve 89 3. Genesis 3, the Sin of Adam and Eve 90 4. Genesis 4, Cain and Abel 91 5. Genesis 5, the Genealogy of the Sons of 93 Adam 95 6. Genesis 6, Noah and the Ark 96 7. Genesis 7, The Flood 97 8. Genesis 8, the Flood Ends 98 9. Genesis 9, God's Covenant 100 10. Genesis 10, the Genealogy of the Sons of 101 Noah 11. Genesis 11, the Genealogy of the Sons of Shem Section Three: Old Earth vs. Young Earth 1. Volcanoes 103 2. Varves 113 3. Atmospheric Argon 116 4. Missing Isotopes 117 5. Caves and Caverns 119 6. Impact Craters 125 7. The Dead Sea 142 8. Bible Land Rivers 158 9. Natufians 164 Section One: New Perspectives on Genesis Chapter One, The Days of Genesis "And the evening and the morning were the ____ day." Needless to say much has been written on the subject of the creation days of Genesis.
    [Show full text]
  • South Sea Pearls Gem-A Conference 2011 Tucson
    Gems&Jeweller y Winter 2011/2012 / Volume 20 / No. 4 Gem-A Conference 2011 South Sea pearls Tucson The Gemmological Association of Great Britain MARCUS MCCALLUM FGA PRECIOUS STONES, BEADS & PEARLS A wide range of precious and semi-precious stones, beads and freshwater pearls, personally selected from around the world. Unusual stones a speciality. ROOM 27-31, NEW HOUSE 67-68 HATTON GARDEN, LONDON EC1N 8JY TELEPHONE: +44(0)20 7405 2169 FACSIMILE: +44(0)20 7405 9385 email:[email protected] www.marcusmccallum.com 40816_MMcC A4 Advert.indd 1 10/01/2012 11:59 Gems&Jewellery / Winter 2011/2012 / Volume 20 / No. 4 Editorial Gems&Jewellery Sea change Winter Our New Year wish at the beginning of the Gem-A January Newsletter was that 2012 would bring improvements in the economic and political challenges that the world saw in 2011. The re-opening of diplomatic ties between the USA and Burma raises the question as to whether the US embargo on Burmese rubies and jade, and the European embargo on all Burmese gems, will soon be lifted. 11/12 Regardless of the intentions of the embargoes, they were hardly consistent (the US predictably banned Burma rubies but not Burma petroleum products), were ignored or circumvented by much Contents of the trade, and probably had little overall effect. The statistics reported by Pala International suggest that Burmese gem production was down in 2010/11 compared with previous years, but jadeite production was up very considerably as were jadeite prices, with China being the major market. 2 Talk of politics, the future and the gem trade brings us naturally to the thorny issues of disclosure and ethics.
    [Show full text]