Town of Stratford 2015 Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Ben Grieder

This document outlines the methodology, calculations results, quality control methods and the primary sources used to create the 2015 Greenhouse Gas Inventory for the Town of Stratford. The PCP Protocol: Canadian Supplement to International Emission Analysis Protocol was used as a guiding document throughout the creation of this

Town of Stratford inventory. All required fields of data collection were completed along with some optional fields included in the 234 Shakespeare Avenue, Corporate Inventory. Appendix items included in this Stratford, PEI document will help guide the creation of future inventories

902- 5 6 9 - 1995 that occur in the Town of Stratford.

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Contents List of Tables and Figures ...... 2 Definitions ...... 4 Exceutive Summary ...... 5 Establishing Operational Boundaries ...... 7 Corporate Inventory ...... 7 Community Inventory ...... 8 Quantification of Corporate GHG Emission Inventory ...... 9 Buildings and Facilities ...... 10 Fleet Vehicles ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.10 Street Lights ...... 10 Water and Sewage ...... 11 Waste ...... 11 Quantification of Community GHG Emission Inventory ...... 12 Residential ...... 13 Commericial & Institutional ...... 13 Commercial Heating: Unable to quantify ...... 14 Industrial ...... 15 Transportation ...... 15 Solid Waste ...... 16 Quality Control and Quality Assurance ...... 16 Quality Control Measures: ...... 16 Recommended Quality Assurance measures ...... 17 Case Study Analysis ...... 19 Next Steps ...... 21 Resources used: ...... 22 Appendix A ...... 23 Appendix B ...... 36

List of Tables and Figures Figure 1. Overview of Corporate GHG Emissions...... 9 Figure 2. Overview of Corporate GHG Emissions...... 9 Figure 3. Overview of Muncipal Streetlights in 2015 and their GHG emissions………………………………..…….11 Figure 4. Overview of Community GHG Emission Inventory…………………………………………..………………………12 Figure 5. Overview of Community GHG Emission Inventory by Source…………………………………………………..13 Figure 6. Further Breakdown of 2015 Commercial & Institutional calculated GHG emissions………………..15 Figure 7. Comparison Chart of Stratford and three other municipalities that have conducted GHG emission inventories………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19

Appendix A. 2015 Corporate GHG Emission Inventory Calculations.

Table A1. Summary of 2015 Corporate Energy Consumption, Expenditure, and GHG Emissions...... 23 Table A2. Bunbury Rink Electricity Consumption data and associated GHG emission calculations...... 23 Table A3. Electricity consumption, heating oil consumption and GHG emission calculations for buildings located at 57 Bunbury Road, Stratford...... 24 Table A4. Electricity consumption, heating oil consumption and GHG emission calculations for the Crossroads Community Centre...... 25 Table A5. Electricity consumption, and GHG emission calculations for the Tea Hill Park Facility...... 25 Table A6. Electricity consumption, and GHG emission calculations for the Ponside Park Shelter...... 26 Table A7. Electricity consumption, and GHG emission calculations for the Stratford Town Library...... 26 Table A8. Electricity consumption, and GHG emission calculations for the Soccer Field House...... 26 Table A9. Electricity consumption, and GHG emission calculations for the Town Hall/Gym and Common Area...... 27 Table A10. Summary of vehicles owned and operated by the Town of Stratford in 2015...... 27 Table A11. Fleet consumption total and GHG emission calculations...... 28 Table A12. GHG emission calculations relating to fire services that is provided to Stratford...... 29 Table A13. Summary of Staff Commuter Kilometres travelled using the World Resources Institute (2015). GHG Protocol tool for mobile combustion. Version 2.6...... 30 Table A14. Summary of Business Kilometres travelled using the World Resources Institute (2015). GHG Protocol tool for mobile combustion. Version 2.6...... 30 Table A15. T3 Public Transit Bus Transportation Calculations...... 31 Table A16. Municipal lighting that the Town of Stratford is billed for including GHG emission calculations...... 32 Table A17. Electricity consumption and GHG emissions from all water services in Stratford...... 32 Table A18. Electricity consumption and GHG emissions from all sewage services in Stratford...... 33 Table A19. Heating Oil consumption and GHG emissions from the Waste Water Treatment Plant in Stratford...... 34 Table A20. Municipal Solid Waste GHG emission calculations...... 35

Appendix B. 2015 Community GHG Emission Inventory Calculations.

Table B1. Total Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions produced by the Town of Stratford in 2015….36 Table B2. Residential Electricity Greenhouse Gas emission calculation using PCP Protocol Canadian Supplement to International Emissions Analysis Protocol………………………………………………………………………36 Table B3. Residential Heating emissions calculated using 2011 Statistics Canada Residential Home Heating information for the province of PEI……………………………………………………………………………………..……37 Table B4. Total Electricity Consumption in the Town of Stratford………………………………………………………….38 Table B5. Total electricity consumption used to calculate commercial greenhouse gas emissions…………38 Table B6. Total electricity consumption used to calculate Institutional greenhouse gas emissions………..38 Table B7. Total GHG Emissions relating to heating the Institutional school buildings in Stratford………….39 Table B8. Total Energy Consumption and GHG emissions for the Uncategorized Streetlights………………..39 Table B9. Total Energy Consumption and GHG emissions for the Industry located in Stratford…………..…39 Table B10. Total tonnes of CO2E in tonnes for Community Transportation in Stratford…………………………40 Table B11. Solid Waste produced by residential population in Stratford in 2015………………………………..…40

Definitions CO2E: Represents the accumulated total of Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide emissions. A simple mathematical process of using Global Warming Potentials (GWP) to convert Methane and Nitrous Oxide calculated emissions to Equivalent (“E” ) Carbon Dioxide Emissions was undertaken to provide this total.

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions: In this instance, this term only refers to the gasses that were quantified in this inventory and includes Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), and Carbon Dioxide (CO2).

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Is a collection of hundreds of scientists and researchers around the world who work to monitor the effects of climate change. Every five –six years they release assessments on which gasses are making an impact on climate change and how to measure the effect of those gasses.

Partners for Climate Protection (PCP): Is a network of municipalities that are working to reduce their GHG emissions in Canada. The Town of Stratford is a member of this organization.

Tier 1 measurements: The broadest, least accurate and highly precise form of data that can be used in greenhouse gas inventories. This kind of data is often sourced from the IPCC online resources and provides country specific data based on international reporting.

Tier 2 measurements: This method is more accurate than Tier 1 data but less accurate than Tier 3 data and often uses less precise information. Tier 2 data is based on country specific emission factors and can include engineering estimates, calculating a quantity of fuel based on prices and paid amounts, and fuel use estimated from VKT multiplied by average fuel efficiencies.

Tier 3 measurements: This is the most accurate and precise data that can be used in GHG emission inventories and is the most recommended method by the PCP protocol. This method takes into account the type of fuel that can be combusted, combustion technology, age of equipment used to burn fuel, quality of maintenance, control technology, operating conditions, metered energy use and metered methane recovery.

VKT (Vehicle Kilometres Travelled): Is a form of measurement that takes into account the amount of kilometres a vehicle has travelled in one year.

Executive Summary This Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission inventory was performed as part of the process of making Stratford’s first Community Energy Plan. This inventory also complies with the first Milestone of the Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) commitment, a program that Stratford joined in 2008. This inventory was completed with funding from the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) as part of a one year grant for developing Stratford Community Energy Plan.

It was determined that 2015 was the best year to establish a baseline inventory due to factors involving population growth, access to information and to ensure that this document had recent information to aid the development of Stratford’s Community Energy Plan. According to the PCP Protocol: Canadian Supplement International Emission Analysis Protocol, the Town of Stratford boundaries in 2015 were used to establish physical and geographical boundaries for both the Corporate and Community GHG emission inventories. Two inventories were completed with municipal buildings and services being accounted for in the Corporate Inventory; residential housing, commercial and provincial services, industrial services, residential transportation and solid waste were accounted for in the Community Inventory.

The Corporate Inventory largely consisted of Tier 3 data collected from hard copy municipal records (Figure 1.). The total GHG emissions for the municipal buildings in 2015 was 242.07 tonnes. The buildings and facilities that were included in this inventory were largely administrative and recreational in nature. The total GHG emissions for the Fleet category was 165.18 metric tonnes and included municipal fleet vehicles, staff commuting, fire fleet services, T3 Stratford Bus Transport and recorded travel kilometres for staff conferences. In total, the streetlight category had a recorded sum of 113.78 tonnes of GHG emissions. Total GHG Emissions from Stratford’s Water and Sewage operations in 2015 were 330.24 metric tonnes. The total GHG Emissions from municipal waste in 2015 was 94.75 tonnes.

Figure 1. Overview of Corporate GHG Emissions.

The Community Inventory relied on electricity information from Maritime Electric, Waste Information from the Island Waste Management Corporation (IWMC) and statistical information from Statistics Canada, Natural Resources Canada and the Town of Stratford (Figure 4.). The total GHG emissions for the residential category in 2015 was 24, 311.34 tonnes. The total Commercial & Institutional GHG emissions for 2015 was 27, 720.37 tonnes. The total GHG emissions for the Industrial category in 2015 was 61.79 metric tonnes. The total GHG emission for the Transportation category in 2015 was 30, 142.68 tonnes. The total GHG emission for the Solid waste category in 2015 was 956.21 tonnes.

Figure 4. Overview of Community GHG Emission Inventory by Sector.

Specific Quality Control methods were used to create this inventory and a list of recommended Quality Assurance practices was created to maintain the quality of information for future GHG emission inventories. Three other municipalities who are PCP members and have conducted GHG emission inventories were studied to compare Stratford’s inventory results. Using the results of this inventory, GHG emission projections will need to be created and studied so that the Town of Stratford can agree on GHG emission reduction targets for the next five years. These reduction targets can then be used to prioritize strategies and actions that are recommended within the Community Energy Plan.

Establishing Operational Boundaries It was determined that 2015 was the best year to establish a baseline inventory due to factors involving population growth, access to information and to ensure that this document had recent information to aid the development of Stratford’s Community Energy Plan. Both a Corporate and Community inventory were created so that the maximum amount of GHG emissions could be accounted for. The population growth rate of Stratford steadily increased between 2009 and 2012 where it then started dropping. Stratford’s growth rate for 2015 was 1.2%, which was lower than 2009 levels, making it a good year to establish a baseline of information due to the small change in population growth. Based on information from the Stratford 2016 Budget document, Stratford’s estimated population for 2015 was 9 860 people. There were certain review documents completed in 2015 on streetlight fixtures, and heating oil consumption that also made it more imperative to establish a baseline inventory in 2015.

According to the PCP Protocol: Canadian Supplement International Emission Analysis Protocol, the Town of Stratford boundaries in 2015 were used to establish physical and geographical boundaries for both the Corporate and Community GHG emission inventories. These boundaries led to certain GHG accounting methods being used over others. For example, instead of accounting for all GHG emissions originating from the T3 Transit system services, only GHG emissions from T3 services that operated within the Town of Stratford boundaries were accounted for. It is important to note that due to the physical restrictions of the town boundaries, only local vehicle traffic originating from Stratford residential areas were included in the Community Inventory. All traffic that occurs on Highway 1, would fall under provincial jurisdiction and would never be included in Stratford’s GHG emission inventories.

Corporate Inventory This inventory includes services and utilities that the municipality has a significant financial control over and/or has 100% operational control. Services that were included in this inventory due to financial control includes Fire Services, and Library Services. Solid Waste collection was not included in the Corporate Inventory since the Island Waste Management Corporation provides these services through financial support from the Provincial Government. The Town of Stratford does not maintain its own roads and has an agreement with the Provincial department of Transportation, Infrastructure and Energy. Due to this agreement all emissions relating to road maintenance and traffic operations were excluded from the Corporate Inventory.

Contracted services were included if1:

1. The service provided by the contractor is a serve ice that is traditionally provided by local government; 2. Emissions from the contracted service were reported in an earlier local government GHG inventory; and/or 3. Emissions generated by the contractor are a source over which the local government exerts significant influence.

1 PCP Protocol: Canadian Supplement International Emissions Analysis Protocol; p.7.

Traditional Local government Services:

 Administration and Governance;  Drinking, Storm and Waste Water;  Solid Waste Collection, Transportation and Diversion;  Roads and Traffic Operations;  Arts, Recreation and Cultural Services;  Fire Protection.

The traditional serviced model was broken down even further in “The Workbook: Helping Local Governments Understand How to be Carbon Neutral in their Corporate Operations.” This workbook was used to determine the traditional services that are offered by Stratford’s local government services:

 Administration and Governance;  Drinking, and some Storm and Waste Water conduits;  Arts, Recreation and Cultural Services;  Local public transportation;  Fire Protection.

Community Inventory The community inventory was limited in some respects as to the kind of data available and focused on key areas of measurement:

 Energy consumption in buildings;  Heating fuel consumption based on Statistics Canada information;  Institutional energy consumption and heating fuel consmption;  On-road transportation;  Solid Waste Generation.

Due to the established boundaries of both inventories, many municipal services that are offered by other municipalities in Canada were not included in the Community Inventory. Examples of excluded services include waste pick-up, waste storage/processing, and road construction and repair. It is also important to note that Stratford has only been incorporated as a municipality for 21 years and has had less time to grow as a community compared to other municipalities in Prince Edward Island (PEI).

Quantification of Corporate GHG Emission Inventory Five activity sectors were investigated for the Corporate Inventory (Figures 1, 2.):

 Buildings and Facilities;  Fleet Vehicles;  Streetlights (but not traffic lights);  Water and Wastewater;  Solid waste.

Figure 1. Overview of Corporate GHG Emissions.

2015 Corporate GHG Emissions by Sector Total: 946 Metric Tonnes

Buildings Fleet Streetlights Water & Sewage Solid Waste

10% 26%

35% 17%

12%

Figure 2. Overview of Corporate GHG Emissions.

2015 Corporate GHG Emissions by Source

2% Electricity 6% 9% Diesel

11% Fuel Oil

Gasoline 71% Commuting/ Bussiness Travel

Buildings and Facilities The total GHG emissions for the municipal buildings in 2015 were 242.07 tonnes. The buildings and facilities that were included in this inventory were largely administrative and recreational in nature. Tier 3 data collection methods were used and most buildings were heated by heat pumps. Some municipal buildings still use oil heat and those heating oil consumption records were included in this inventory.

 Bunbury Rink (Table A2.);  Youth/Senior Complex (Table A3.);  Art Community Centre;  Cross Roads Community Centre (Table A4.);  Tea Hill Park Facility (Table A5.);  Pondside Park Shelter (Table A6.);  Stratford Library (Table A7.);  Soccer Field House (Table A8.);  Town Hall Offices/Gym (Table 9.).

Municipal Inventory The total GHG emissions for this category was 165.18 metric tonnes and included municipal fleet vehicles, staff commuting, fire fleet services, T3 Stratford Bus Transport and recorded travel kilometres for staff conferences. Using Tier 3 data collection methods, each vehicle in the municipal fleet was accounted for according to the monthly fuel records for the year 2015 (Tables A10, A11.). The electricity requirements for the vehicles could not be separated from the building electricity use and are therefore represented in the buildings and facilities category. According to the PCP Protocol, fire services are normally provided by a municipality and should be considered as part of the corporate inventory. Calculations were made on the GHG emission contributions of the fire hall fleet based on operational/financial control by Stratford, which was calculated to be 78.45% (Table A12.). Two optional data categories were also recorded for municipal fleet vehicles including staff commuting based on calculated VKT using Google Earth and the World Resources Institute transportation tool (Table A13.). Business travel fuel amounts were also included in this Fleet Vehicles category (Table A14.). GHG emissions from local bus transportation provided by the municipal government and contracted to T3 Transit were more difficult to quantify and Tier 1 methods were used instead of Tier 3 methods (Table A15.).

Street Lights In total, the streetlight category had a recorded sum of 113.78 tonnes of GHG emissions (Figure 3.). The Town of Stratford does not own any streetlights within the town boundaries; Stratford does rent streetlights from the private utility Maritime Electric and through a contract agreement Stratford does have operational control over the majority of the lighting systems that it rents (Table A16.). For example, Stratford can request certain lights to be changed from HPS to LED if they are willing to pay for Maritime Electric to upgrade the streetlight. Tier 3 data collection methods were used to collect the electricity consumption for these streetlights.

Figure 3. Overview of Municipal Streetlights in 2015 and their GHG emissions.

Water and Sewage The total GHG Emissions from Stratford’s Water and Sewage operations in 2015 were 330.24 metric tonnes. Stratford has an extensive drinking water and sewage system that is constantly being expanded to accommodate new subdivisions every year. There are very few storm water systems that the municipal government has operational control over with the provincial government maintaining most of the storm water systems in Stratford. Electricity consumption and heating fuel were the two Tier 3 sources that were used to calculate the GHG emissions for this category (Table A17-A19.).

Waste There is a standard sorting protocol for all municipalities and commercial enterprises in PEI with the Island Waste Management Corporation (IWMC) providing leadership, enforcement and education resources. The total GHG Emissions from municipal waste in 2015 was 94.75 tonnes. There has never been a waste audit done for municipal buildings in Stratford and therefore an alternate Tier 1 method of waste emission calculations was undertaken. After consulting with infrastructure staff and conducting some observational studies, certain calculations relating to waste bins were completed. Once bin capacities and average waste amounts were calculated, the total waste amounts for municipal buildings

were determined (Table 20.). Waste GHG emissions were low for 2015 and should be lower once a formal waste audit is performed in the future.

Quantification of Community GHG Emission Inventory There are 5 areas that the PCP protocol requires a GHG inventory to provide records of (Figures 3, 4.):

 Residential  Commercial & Institutional  Industrial  Transportation  Solid Waste

This Community Inventory was completed to the fullest extent possible given that all the information was provided voluntarily. There are a number of data sets that could not be accessed due to a lack of accurate information at the municipal level and concerns of privacy in the commercial and industrial sectors. Electricity information provided by Maritime Electric formed the largest set of information accessed at the community level and is the only information represented by GHG emissions in the Industrial category (Table B1.). Online surveys were attempted through Facebook to gain additional information relating to the Residential, Commercial and Transportation Categories. Four surveys were sent out over the course of four weeks with a combined total of 79 responses. The response rate for these surveys was too low to be used in this inventory but will be used as supplemental information for Community Energy Planning in the future.

Figure 4. Overview of Community GHG Emission Inventory by Sector.

2015 Community GHG Emissions by Sector Total: 83 192 Metric Tonnes

Residential Commercial & Institutional Industrial Transportation Solid Waste 1%

29% 36%

34% <1%

Figure 5. Overview of Community GHG Emission Inventory by Source.

2015 GHG Emissions by Source 2% 1%

Electricity 25% Diesel 46% Fuel Oil Gasoline Propane 15% Waste 11%

Residential The total GHG emissions for the residential category in 2015 was 24, 311.34 tonnes. Two different submissions of electricity consumption information for the Stratford area from Maritime Electric were used to identify the Residential Electricity consumption for the 2015 year. These Tier 3 consumption results were given in Kilowatt Hour (KWH) units and converted to GHG emission totals using the PCP protocol conversion tools approved by the IPCC (Table B2.). Both the PCP Protocol calculator tool and the calculations made using the PCP Protocol guidelines were used to produce the Greenhouse gas emission results for the residential category of the community inventory.

A Tier 2 approach was taken to provide an estimation of energy consumption relating to Residential Heating in Single Family Dwellings based on Statistics Canada data and Municipal housing data. Data relating to average energy consumption per household was used from Statistics Canada while data relating to the number of households in Stratford was provided by the Town of Stratford (Table B3.). This tier 2 information was based on provincial statistics and was the most accurate information available when this inventory was being created.

Commercial & Institutional The total Commercial & Institutional GHG emissions for 2015 was 27, 720.37 tonnes. Commercial Electricity data was provided by Maritime Electric as a General Service Category and was broken down even further by subtracting municipal building electricity consumption, municipal utility electricity consumption, fire hall service electricity consumption and provincial school board building electricity consumption (Table B4.). This tier three method used the total calculated commercial electricity data and was calculated into gigajoules of electricity using the PCP Protocol Milestone calculator (Table B5.).

Commercial Heating: Unable to quantify Due to a lack of quantifiable information, commercial heating was not calculated. The PCP Protocol recommends that direct heating fuel consumption be used to calculate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by commercial heating. After contacting certain businesses and fuel providers, it became apparent that the recommended method could not be applied because of a vocalization of privacy concerns. An alternate method was reviewed but could not be applied which, would rely on tier 2 data collections from Statistics Canada and the provincial or municipal government. This alternate method relied on an average commercial heating fuel consumption number being applied to the total area of commercial space being used in the Town of Stratford; neither the provincial government nor the municipal government could provide the total area of commercial space being used in the town.

There are two schools and a public school board wing, previously called the English School board office building which is currently housed in Stratford that fall into this intuitional category. There is also a tenant fee associated with the Common area of Town Hall which was also included in this category. The institutional electricity amounts were provided by the PEI public school board and contained Tier 3 level data (Table B6.).

Institutional heating takes into account the two public school buildings as well as the school board building that reside in Stratford. Both elementary schools use home heating oil for their heating requirements and that data contributed to the institutional GHG emissions. Tier 3 data collection methods were used to account for this category using information provided by the public school board (Table B7.).

A large amount of electricity consumption was represented in the streetlight system that was not controlled by the municipality. This remainder of energy consumption was named “Uncategorized Lighting” and included in the Commercial & Institutional category since it would be commercial development companies, Maritime Electric or the provincial government who would have operational control of these lights (Table B8.). Since there were a number of different data sets included in this Commercial & Institutional Category a further breakdown was created using a bar graph (Figure 5.).

Figure 6. Further Breakdown of 2015 Commercial & Institutional calculated GHG emissions.

2015 Commericial and Institutional Breakdown

GHG Emissions (Metric Tonnes) 27720.37 26501.58

304.84 331.2 571.45 11.3

Commercial Institutional Institutional Uncategorized Institutional Total Electricity Heating fuel Electricity Streetlight Tenant Fee for consumption Town Hall Common Area

Industrial The total GHG emissions for the Industrial category in 2015 were 61.79 metric tonnes. Industrial Electricity Tier 3 level data provided by Maritime Electric was used to account for the GHG emissions being produced from this industry. Heating and other energy related emissions could not be accounted for due to a lack of accessible information on the industrial operations in the Stratford area (Table B9.).

Transportation The total GHG emission for the Transportation category in 2015 was 30, 142.68 tonnes. This category includes data on average vehicles per household in PEI which was applied to the total number of dwellings in Stratford giving the total community VKT within the Stratford Town Boundaries (Table B10.). This was an alternate method prescribed by the PCP protocol that used Tier 2 level data from Natural Resources Canada. The recommended method of data collection for this transportation category was fuel sales data but that method could not be accomplished due to a lack of cooperation with local fuel stations residing in Stratford. An alternate approach using VKT could not be accomplished due to a lack of transportation measurement programs existing within the Stratford municipality. A household activity survey was done for as an alternate approach but the pool of participants was very low and could not be used for this category of data measurement. Another alternate approach using vehicle registration information from the PEI department of motor vehicles was attempted but could not be completed due to a lack of data manipulation ability within the department. The final approach that was used originated from conversations with government employees and combined both national and local data.

The final approach only taken into account residential vehicles relies on national averages and is the least accurate model that could be employed in this category.

Solid Waste The total GHG emission for the Solid waste category in 2015 was 956.21 tonnes. The emissions total from solid waste was collected after discussion with representatives from the Island Waste Management Corporation (IWMC) and Veresen Incorporated. The emission data collected used a live computer monitoring program that reports the day to day emissions of the biomass/ waste incineration plant which produces heat for the local heating district in Charlottetown. This Tier 2 emissions data was calculated by taking the total weight of residential waste collected by IWMC across Prince Edward Island and dividing that weight by the total number of households that were registered for garbage pick-up in the 2015 year. That rate was then applied to the total number of applicable pick-up locations in Stratford creating the total mass of waste produced by residents in Stratford. This mass was then applied to the emissions monitoring system in the Veresen incineration facility (Table B11.). This Solid Waste data only accounts for residential waste that is collected on a regular basis and does not include two waste pick-up events that would be collected from residents in the spring and the fall (large item disposal days). Garbage pick-up from these two waste collection events would be sent to the IWMC Wellington Centre. Commercial and Industrial waste that would be brought to the Veresen Inc. company could not be quantified due an inability to separate Stratford waste from other provincial waste that is being brought to the Veresen Inc. incineration facility.

Quality Control and Quality Assurance A set of technical activities to measure quality control of the data used for this inventory was established based on the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories example procedures chart2. These activities helped establish routine and consistent checks on data and insured that all data collected did not omit information or have any errors.

Quality Control Measures:  Check a sample of input data for transcription errors;  Identify spread sheet modifications that could provide additional controls or checks on quality;  Ensure that adequate version control procedures for electronic files have been implemented;  Confirm that bibliographical data references are included in spreadsheets for all primary data;  Check that copies of cited references have been archived;  Check that assumptions and criteria for selection of boundaries, base years, methods, activity data, emission factors and other parameters are documented;  Check whether emission units, parameters and conversion factors are appropriately labeled;  Check if units are properly labeled and correctly carried through from beginning to end of calculations;  Check that conversion factors are correct;

2 Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories; p. 147.

 Check that data processing steps (e.g., equations) in the spreadsheets;  Check that spreadsheet input data and calculated data are clearly differentiated;  Check all calculations using the PCP Milestone Tool inventory calculator;  Check consistency of time series inputs and calculations.

Recommended Quality Assurance measures Within a year of the completion of the Stratford Community Energy Plan, a third-party verification of the 2015 GHG emission inventory should be completed. Verifying the 2015 inventory by an experienced GHG emissions inventory verifier will ensure the quality of data and ensure that the inventory represents the best estimates of both Corporate and Community emissions.

Whether or not Stratford chooses to verify its 2015 inventory, it should take steps to make future inventories more accurate and precise. Improved data storage and data collection methods can be instituted over time to improve the quality of information used in future inventories. The following recommendations would make the creation of future GHG emission inventories less time consuming and more accurate:

 Include electricity consumption (KWH) amounts on General Ledger (GL) records. These records already take note of the monthly payments from received electricity bills and could easily contain more information relating to energy consumption by adding an additional column of information.  Include oil consumption (Litres) amounts on General Ledger (GL) records. These records can be updated with an extra column for the litres amount that would account for the already recorded billing amount.  Include oil account numbers and Electricity Metre account numbers in the General Ledger (GL) description columns. This will help make it more efficient to account for oil and electricity consumption in the future.  Collect VKT information from Stratford residents, businesses, and local industry on a biennial basis for future GHG emission inventories.  There is currently no way to assess the total area of commercial space being used in Stratford. Collect information on residents and businesses through planning applications so that a data base of the total area of each sector can be determined on an annual basis. Natural Resources Canada already has national and provincial averages for energy consumption based on square feet or square metre measurements. This information could be used for various kinds of energy assessments and future GHG emission inventories.  There is already information being collected on business travel and conference trips. This data should be expanded to include the total number of kilometres travelled, the type of travel (plane, car, bus, train) and the type of vehicle used (passenger vehicle, pick-up truck or heavy duty vehicle).  Traffic Congestion surveys should be conducted in partnership with the provincial department of Infrastructure, Transportation and Energy to provide accurate transportation information in the Town of Stratford.

 If existing sewer infrastructure is moved, improved or replaced; new infrastructure should have GHG emission monitoring equipment installed. If monitoring equipment is not installed, staff should work to create reporting procedures for specific effluent measurements so that quantification of sewer GHG emissions can be calculated for future inventories.  An official Waste Audit should be conducted on a biennial basis for municipal facilities using reporting models from Dalhousie University and/or Clean River Incorporated.  A separate survey should be conducted by the municipality or in partnership with the department of Agriculture to assess the type of agriculture that is currently being conducted in Stratford. This survey should assess the types of chemicals being applied on an annual basis, the number and types of livestock that are raised and the estimated yield and types of crops being grown. This type of information is already being collected by the department of Agriculture but not in a way that allows that information to be shared with a municipality.  Future GHG emission inventories may require information relating to carbon sinks and the amount of trees located in public and private areas of a municipality. Biodiversity assessments should be conducted to create an accessible database for these future requirements.  If there are future developments on the Stratford waterfront, the amount of fuel used for boating purposes and the type & amount of boats using municipal infrastructure should be accounted for.

Case Study Analysis Three other municipal inventories were reviewed and compared against Stratford’s 2015 inventory. All inventories differ in some ways but all follow the same PCP format and are easily comparable to each other. In 2007, Campbell River had an estimated population of 30 039 people with a community GHG emission total of 204,265 metric tonnes3. Campbell River used a GHG emission report produced by the BC provincial government to provide most of their data inputs and therefore did not complete a corporate inventory. In 2005, The City of Stratford had an estimated population of 30 597 people with a community GHG emission total of 317,195 and a Corporate GHG emission total of 5875 metric tonnes4. The City of Stratford is a much larger municipality compared to the Town of Stratford which is the most likely reason that its Corporate GHG emission inventory total is substantially higher. In 2003, the Town of New Glasgow with an estimated population of 9 432 people produced 128, 172 tonnes of CO2E at a community level with its Corporate GHG emission total of 5092 metric tonnes5. The town of New Glasgow’s population is the most comparable to Stratford’s. To better compare the four municipalities a comparison chart was created with a GHG Emissions Per person rate created using population and Community GHG Emission amounts (Figure 6.).

Figure 7. Comparison Chart of Stratford and three other municipalities that have conducted GHG emission inventories.

The Campbell River inventory had less specific categories and reported their largest energy consumption category as “buildings” while its largest GHG emitter was “vehicles”. Stratford’s largest GHG emitter category was Transportation followed closely by Commercial & Institutional while its largest form of energy consumption was electricity.

3 Sustainable Campbell River: Community Energy & Emissions Plan; September 2011; P. 3-4. 4 City of Stratford GHG Inventory and Community Energy Plan; October, 2008; P.11-12 5 New Glasgow Corporate and Community Equivalent Carbon Dioxide Emissions for 1994 and 2003; March 10, 2004; P. 2-3.

The City of Stratford’s two largest GHG emitter categories were Energy and Transportation. The city’s two main sources of energy were natural gas and electricity. It is important to keep in mind that the city of Stratford would have larger emissions per person compared to Stratford, PEI due to their larger responsibility relating to infrastructure. The city of Stratford would have to take into account local traffic and traffic light energy consumption as well as other services such as fire, policing and waste services (the City of Stratford has its own landfill for its residents).

The Town of New Glasgow’s two largest emitter categories were Residential followed closely by Commercial & Institutional with their two largest energy sources being electricity followed by fuel oil. Transportation was the third largest emitter for New Glasgow with its overall spread of emissions being similar to Stratford’s (almost 1/3 for residential, transportation & commercial). When comparing New Glasgow’s Corporate Inventory to Stratford’s, the largest difference in emissions stems from the town’s Buildings and Streetlights. What is most interesting is that despite the similar size in population, Stratford has less municipal buildings to account for, less vehicles to account for in its vehicle fleet, and less departments to account for which, amounts to a much smaller GHG emission total compared to New Glasgow.

Next Steps Now that Stratford has completed this inventory, it can officially be recognized for completing Milestone 1 of 5 in the PCP Milestone Program. The second milestone for this program would be to set emission reduction targets which, is currently being reviewed as part of the Community Energy Plan process. The third Milestone for this PCP Program would be the adoption of the Community Energy Plan which, should occur in June, 2017.

Over the next couple of months strategies to achieve GHG emission reduction targets will be created and reviewed using public feedback from past public engagement events. Specific groups from the business and development industries as well as residents will be consulted as each Community Energy Plan draft is completed.

The results of this inventory will be used to focus on strategies that will help reduce GHG emissions in the categories that have the highest emission totals. For the Corporate inventory that would be Water & Sewage followed by Buildings followed by the municipal fleet (which includes public transit). Areas that need to be focused on concerning the community inventory would be Transportation, Commercial & Institutional followed by Residential. Another inventory should be conducted for the 2017 year to assess the progress of the Community Energy Plan Strategies and to provide further focused attention for strategies that lower high GHG emission activates within Stratford.

Resources used:  PCP Protocol: Canadian Supplement International Emissions Analysis Protocol;  Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories;  International Local Government Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP);  The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard Revised Edition;  Online PCP Milestone Tool;  Maritime Electric;  Efficiency PEI;  PEI Energy Corporation;  Island Waste Management Corporation (IWMC);  Veresen Incorporated;  Natural Resources Canada;  Statistics Canada;  Prince Edward Island Department of Agriculture  Sustainable Campbell River: Community Energy & Emissions Plan;  City of Stratford GHG Inventory and Community Energy Plan;  New Glasgow Corporate and Community Equivalent Carbon Dioxide Emissions for 1994 and 2003 Report;  Town of Stratford.

Appendix A Table A1. Summary of 2015 Corporate Energy Consumption, Expenditure, and GHG Emissions.

Corporate GHG Emissions by Sector Sector Energy Expenditure GHG Emissions Consumption (Tonnes) Buildings 3,062 GJ $103,972 242 Fleet 2,101 GJ $13,015 165 Streetlights 1,365 GJ $179,715 114 Water & 3,975 GJ $187,851 330 Sewage Solid Waste 0 GJ $14,160 95 Total 10,503 GJ $498,713 946 t

Table A2. Bunbury Rink Electricity Consumption data and associated GHG emission calculations.

Outdoor Rink Change Room Electricity Meter kwh Cost 90 Clifton Road 9240 3105.19 GHG Emissions Electricity Grid Total consumption electricity Tonnes (kwh) emission of CO2e factor emissions

CO2 E 9240 x 0.0003 equals 2.77

Table A3. Electricity consumption, heating oil consumption and GHG emission calculations for buildings located at 57 Bunbury Road, Stratford.

Cotton Centre 2015 2 Electricity Meters kwh cost Arts and Culture Centre 10722 2217.655 0.336725 Youth/Senior Complex 21120 4368.295 0.663275 31842 Cost: $6585.95

Building Oil Use 2015 2 Oil Storage units Litres Cost Cotton Park Arts Centre 2352 1816.26 Cottn Park Youth Centre 8433 6370.72 10785

GHG Emissions (Electricity) Electricit Grid Total y electricit Tonnes consump y of CO2e tion emission emission (kwh) factor s CO2 E 31842 x 0.0003 equals 9.55

GHG Emissions (Fuel oil heating) Total Tonnes Fuel Oil of CO2e Consump Emission Conversi emission tion factor GWP Value on factor s CO2 10785 x 2725 x 1 (/) 1000000 equals 29.39 NH4 10785 x 0.026 x 21 (/) 1000000 equals 0.01 N2O 10785 x 0.031 x 310 (/) 1000000 equals 0.10 Total 29.50

GHG Emission CO2E Total (Heat and Electricity): 39.05

Table A4. Electricity consumption, heating oil consumption and GHG emission calculations for the Crossroads Community Centre.

Cross Roads Community Centre Energy use 2015 1 Electricity Meter kwh Cost 88 Georgetown Road 6942 2290.18

Building Oil use Litres Cost Cross Roads Community Centre 2153 1684.96

GHG Emissions Electricit Grid Total y electricit Tonnes consump y of CO2e tion emission emission (kwh) factor s CO2 E 6942 x 0.0003 equals 2.08

GHG Emissions (Fuel oil heating) Total Tonnes Fuel Oil of CO2e Consump Emission Conversi emission tion factor GWP Value on factor s CO2 2153 x 2725 x 1 (/) 1000000 equals 5.87 NH4 2153 x 0.026 x 21 (/) 1000000 equals 0.00 N2O 2153 x 0.031 x 310 (/) 1000000 equals 0.02 Total 5.89

GHG Emission CO2E Total (Heating and Electricity): 7.97

Table A5. Electricity consumption and GHG emission calculations for the Tea Hill Park Facility.

Tea Hill Park Facility 1 Electricity Meter kwh Cost 492 Keppoch road 4594 1132.96 GHG Emissions Electricity Grid Total consumption electricity Tonnes (kwh) emission of CO2e factor emissions

CO2 E 4594 x 0.0003 equals 1.38

Table A6. Electricity consumption and GHG emission calculations for the Ponside Park Shelter.

Ponside Park shelter Electricity Meter kwh Cost 16 Keppoch Road 525 1132.96 GHG Emissions Electricity Grid Total consumption electricity Tonnes (kwh) emission of CO2e factor emissions

CO2E 525 x 0.0003 equals 0.16

Table A7. Electricity consumption and GHG emission calculations for the Stratford Town Library.

Library Electricity Meter kwh Cost 20 Bunbury Road 17156 3351.5 GHG Emissions Electricity Grid Total consumption electricity Tonnes (kwh) emission of CO2e factor emissions

CO2 E 17156 x 0.0003 equals 5.15

Table A8. Electricity consumption and GHG emission calculations for the Soccer Field House.

Soccer Field House Electricity kwh Cost Meter 34 Myrtle 4702 2505.39 Street GHG Emissions Electricity Grid Total consumption electricity Tonnes (kwh) emission of CO2e factor emissions

CO2 E 4702 x 0.0003 equals 1.41

Table A9. Electricity consumption and GHG emission calculations for the Town Hall/Gym and Common Area.

Town Hall/Gym and Common Area 2 Electricity Meters kwh total Cost ($) Common Area 110113 17087.53 Town Hall offices/Gym 379080 57182.32 Total 489193 74269.85 GHG Emissions Electricity Grid Total consumption electricity Tonnes of (kwh) emission CO2e factor emissions

CO2 E 489193 x 0.0003 equals 146.76

Table A10. Summary of vehicles owned and operated by the Town of Stratford in 2015.

Light-Duty Gas Trucks Code Type B301 2007 F150 B302 2011 GMC Sierra B306 1992 Tohatsu Mini Truck B310 2008 GMC Sierra

B311 2015 Ford F250 78002 Billy's Truck Hybrid Vehicles B309 2010 Honda Insight

Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks/Tractors B304 1999 International Heavy Duty Truck B307 John Deer Tractor 78002 Jerry's Ford F350 Truck Ford Tractor Ford Tractor Off-road Vehicles R192 Snowmobile-Rec. Dept.

Table A11. Fleet consumption total and GHG emission calculations.

GHG Emissions Light-Duty Gas Trucks Category Total Litres Emission Total consumed Factor Tonnes of CO2E emissions CO2E 13883.334 x 0.002299 equals 31.92

Hybrid Vehicles Category Total Litres Emission Total consumed Factor Tonnes of CO2E emissions CO2E 162.14 x 0.002299 equals 0.37

Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks/Tractors Category Total Litres Emission Total consumed Factor Tonnes of CO2E emissions CO2E 6829.38 x 0.002712 equals 18.52

Off-Road Vehicles Category Total Litres Emission Total consumed Factor Tonnes of CO2E emissions CO2E 52.55 x 0.002361 equals 0.12

Total CO2E Emissions 50.94

Table A12. GHG emission calculations relating to fire services that are provided to Stratford.

Fire Hall Fleet GHG emissions that the Town of Stratford Is Accountable for. GHG Type Equation Fuel Total Total Break down emission Consumption Emissions Emission in of emissions calculatio Amount (grams) Tonnes per GHG ns (Litres) (g/1000000 emission ) (Tonnes)am ount*78.45 %

CO2 For Diesel Fuel Diesel 10223.1 7218061.5 7.2180615 5.662569 (Trucks & amount*C Equipment) O2 Emission Factor CH4 For Diesel Fuel Diesel 10223.1 7570.4265 0.00757042 0.005939 (Trucks & amount* 7 Equipment) CH4 Emission Factor*G WP N2O For Diesel Fuel Diesel 10223.1 336102 0.336102 0.263672 (Trucks & amount* Equipment) N2O emission factor *GWP Total Emissions that total*78.4 27868191.42 27.8698016 27.8698 emission Stratford is 5% 1 s accountable for Note: All personal calculations done in this excel sheet were completed using IPCC 2nd assessment values provided by the PCP Protocol Handbook. Updated 5th assessment values (most up-to-date values) were used in the PCP Milestone Calculator and those values are the most accurate.

Table A13. Summary of Staff Commuter Kilometres travelled using the World Resources Institute (2015). GHG Protocol tool for mobile combustion. Version 2.6.

Table A14. Summary of Business Kilometres travelled using the World Resources Institute (2015). GHG Protocol tool for mobile combustion. Version 2.6.

Table A15. T3 Public Transit Bus Transportation Calculations.

Route Amount Type of Type of # of times bus # of day Fuel Total Vkt km/trip Bus Fuel travels inside operation Efficiency Stratford #7 9.6 Bus Diesel 10 252 63.5 24192 Bunbury #507- L/100km Road 2002 Thoma s Dennis #7 11.4 Bus Diesel 10 252 63.5/100k 28728 Kinlock #508- m Road 2003 Thoma s Dennis 52920 Note: Tier 1 Fuel Efficiency data provided by the greenhouse gas protocol transportation tool was used. GHG Emissions Category Total Fuel Efficiency Emission Total VKT Factor CO2E in Tonnes CO2E 52920 x 0.64 x 0.002712 equals 91.13

Table A16. Municipal lighting that the Town of Stratford is billed for including GHG emission calculations.

Municipal Lighting that is accounted for in Corporate Inventory

Year Code Description Consumptio Multiply CO2E n in Kwh by Emission Emissio s Total n Factor 2015 610 Light Pole Rentals 0 0.0003 0.00 2015 619 43 Watt LED-Rented (36 fixtures) 4908 1.47 2015 625 50 Watt LED Rented (35 fixtures) 14244 4.27 2015 630 70 Watt HPS Rented (439 fixtures) 173091 51.93 2015 631 100 Watt HPS Rented (213 fixtures) 125443 37.63 2015 632 150 Watt HPS St. Lights Rented (22) 17704 5.31 2015 639 70 Watt City Lanterns Rented (44) 16576 4.97 2015 666 72 Watt LED Rented (27) 7799 2.34 2015 670 100 Watt LED Rented (3) 944 0.28 2015 756 400 Watt Halide Yard Lights Rented (3) 5616 1.68 2015 765 150 Watt Halide Lights Owned (13) 9828 2.95 2015 500 Watt Ball Field lights (2) 2385 0.72 2015 Stratford Town Sign (1) 552 0.17 2015 100 Watt Lantern (1) (no individual consumption record) 2015 43 Watt Michael Thomas Way (1) 198 0.06 Total 379288 113.79

Table A17. Electricity consumption and GHG emissions from all water services in Stratford.

Water Services Meter # Service Address 2015 Total Emission Total (kwh) Factor Tonnes of GHG emissions

98703 51 Dewar Dr. Stratford Reeves Estates 3663 0.0003 1.10 194121 61 Bonavista Ave Stratford Beacon hill Water StN 31598 9.48 189659 50 T Nottinghill Dr. Stratford 82018 24.61 135082 45 Georgetown Rd Stratford Reservoir 11902 3.57 193962 19 Keppoch Rd Stratford Pondside PK Pump 133320 40.00 166824 20 Macintosh Dr. Stratford Subdivision Pump 1244 0.37 189645 41 T Macintosh Dr. 133160 39.95 178327 110 P Keppoch Rd Stratford Pumping Station 8135 2.44 134965 10 Park Lane Stratford 2202 0.66 Total 407242 122.17

Table A18. Electricity consumption and GHG emissions from all sewage services in Stratford.

Sewage 2015 Total Emissio Total (kwh) n Factor Tonnes of GHG emission s Meter Service Address 0.0003 Number 137892 15 Horton Dr. Stratford Sewage LIGT Pump 1529 0.46 196291 57 Bunbury Rd. Stratford Plant Pumping Station 9237 2.77 189597 110 Mason Rd Stratford Pollution Control 10858 3.26 178253 110 S Bonavista Ave Stratford Sewer 2549 0.76 193343 10 Stratford Rd Stratford Sewage Treatment Plant 564216 169.26 189811 16 Bayside Dr. Stratford Pollution Control 12420 3.73 112067 26 Harbour View Dr. Stratford Sewer Lift 917 0.28 194714 32 Aptos Dr. Stratford 9717 2.92 105182 55 S Brandy Lane Stratford Sewer Lift Zakem Sub 2123 0.64 194754 158 Keppoch Rd Stratford Sewer Lift Pumps 3554 1.07 105819 21 T Creekside Dr. Stratford Sewer Lift Station 1085 0.33 194726 297 T Kinlock Rd Stratford 28542 8.56 189681 10861 T Trans Canada HWY Stratford Across from 4629 1.39 10861 179223 102 Mount Herbert Rd Stratford Across from CA 2039 0.61 102 112819 26 P Alexandra CRT 1233 0.37 137624 4 Callaway CL Stratford Lot Lines CA 2 & 6 1046 0.31 119092 146 T Spinnaker Dr. Stratford T Pump 1014 0.30 178321 20 P Battery Point Dr. Stratford Lift Pump 5446 1.63 134217 72 S Battery Point Dr. Stratford Sewer Extension 1263 0.38 119591 181 S Spinnaker Dr. Stratford Lift Station 5132 1.54 148217 15 S Lobster Point Lane Stratford Lift Station 352 0.11 178339 1 A Clearview Dr. Stratford Lockbox IS on Gate 656 0.20 194712 56 S Tuckers Way Stratford Stonington Station 2061 0.62 196466 143 Hollis Ave Stratford Sewer Lift STN 1596 0.48 179146 14 Carriage Lane Stratford Pump 1154 0.35 Total 674368 202.31

Table A19. Heating Oil consumption and GHG emissions from the Waste Water Treatment Plant in Stratford.

Oil consumption for 2015 year Litres Cost (Canadian Dollars) WWTP 2105 1631.64

GHG Emission Calculations Gas Litres Emission GWP Grams to Total of oil factor Tonnes CO2E Conversion Factor CO2 2105 2725 1 /1000000 5.74 NH4 2105 0.026 21 /1000000 0.00 N2O 2105 0.031 310 /1000000 0.02 CO2E Total 5.76

Table A20. Municipal Solid Waste GHG emission calculations.

PCP Approach 2: Emissions from Corporate Solid Waste Generation Estimated Quantity of solid waste generated at Corporate buildings: Step 1. M Annual quantity of solid waste generated at a facility B Garbage bin cpacity (metres squared) F How full the bin is at pickup (%) P Frequency of pickup (time/month) 0.178 Volume to weight conversion factor 12 Months in one year Total annual solid waste in M (=) B x f x P x 0.178 x 12 tonnes

Library (=) 0.43 x 1 x 4 x 0.178 x 12 3.69 Cotton Centre (=) 4.59 x 1 x 4 x 0.178 x 12 39.19 RCMP/Fire Hall (=) 0.43 x 1 x 4 x 0.178 x 12 3.67 WWTP (=) 4.59 x 1 x 2 x 0.178 x 12 19.61 Town Hall (=) 4.59 x 1 x 4 x 0.178 x 12 39.22 Total Waste 105.38

Step. 2 No data was available on actual waste composition information from the Provincial government, the Town of Stratford or the Island Waste Management Corporation. Alternative waste composition values for North America (below) were used. Source: PCP Protocol; Canada Emissions supplement to the International Emmisions Protocol. Waste Category Percentage Food 34% Garden 0% Paper/Cardboard 23% Wood Products 6% Textiles 4% Plastics, other inert (e.g. glass, metal, etc.) 33%

Step 3. DOC Degradable organic carbon (t carbon/t waste) A Fraction of solid waste stream that is food B Fraction of solid waste stream that is garden waste and other plant debris C Fraction of solid waste stream that is paper D Fraction of solid waste stream that is wood E Fraction of solid waste stream that is textiles

DOC add -> 0.15xA 0.2xB 0.4xC 0.43xD 0.24xE DOC add -> 0.051 0 0.092 0.0258 0.0096 DOC (=) 0.1784

Step 4. Methane Generation potential used. Managed methane correction0.36 factor: Fraction of DOC dissimilated0.1784 default factor Fraction of methane in landfill0.5 gas default Stoichiometric ratio1.333333 between methane and carbon

Methane Generation0.042816 Potential:CH4/t waste

Step 5. Emissions of CO2e using information from steps 1-4. CO2e (tonnes) (=21*105.38*B49*(1-0)*(1-0)) Total 94.75

Appendix B Table B1. Total Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions produced by the Town of Stratford in 2015.

Sector Energy GHG Emissions Consumption (Tonnes) Residential 323,640 GJ 24,311 Commercial & 333,298 GJ 27,720 Institutional Industrial 742 GJ 62 Transportation 448,778 GJ 30,143 Solid Waste 0 GJ 956 Total 1,106,457 GJ 83,192 t

Table B2. Residential Electricity Greenhouse Gas emission calculation using PCP Protocol Canadian Supplement to International Emissions Analysis Protocol.

Residential Electricity Greenhouse Gas emission calculations Electricity Grid electricity Total Tonnes of Consumption emission factor CO2e emissions (KWH) CO2 E 36014335 x 0.0003 equals 10804.30

Table B3. Residential Heating emissions calculated using 2011 Statistics Canada Residential Home Heating information for the province of PEI.

Residential Oil Emissions Energy Emission GW Total Grams Convers Total Consumption Factor P of CO2 ion Tonnes (litres of oil) emissions factor of CO2 produced of 1 emissi million ons produc ed

CO2 445701 x 272 x 1 equ 1214536860 / 100000 equ 12145. 6 5 als 0.00 0 als 37 CH4 445701 x 0.02 x 21 equ 2433530.74 / 100000 equ 2.43 6 6 als 0 als N2O 445701 x 0.03 x 310 equ 42831923.7 / 100000 equ 42.83 6 1 als 6 0 als Total CO2E 1219063405 12190. 4 63 Residential Propane Emissions Energy Emission GW Total Grams Convers Total Consumption Factor P of CO2 ion Tonnes (Litres of emissions factor of CO2 Propane) produced of 1 emissi million ons produc ed

CO2 853043 x 150 x 1 equ 1285536521 / 100000 equ 1285.5 .48 7 als .74 0 als 4 CH4 853043 x 0.02 x 21 equ 429933.91 / 100000 equ 0.43 .48 4 als 0 als N2O 853043 x 0.10 x 310 equ 28559895.6 / 100000 equ 28.56 .48 8 als 5 0 als Total CO2E 1314526351 1314.5 .30 3 Total Residential Heating excluding electricity: Propan (+) Heatin equ 13505. e g Fuel als 16 Emissi Oil ons emissi ons

Table B4. Total Electricity Consumption in the Town of Stratford.

2015 Electricity Consumption in KWH Category Percentage of Consumption energy of Electricity in consumption KWH in Stratford town limits

Residential 27.79% 36014335 Commercial 68.13% 88290403 Municipal Buildings 0.44% 570137.35 Municipal Utilities 0.83% 1081610 Industrial 0.16% 205977 Uncategorized Street Lights 1.47% 1904829 Municipal Lights 0.29% 379288 Institutional (Schools) 0.88% 1141541.65 Total 129588121

Table B5. Total electricity consumption used to calculate commercial greenhouse gas emissions.

Commercial Electricity Grid electricity Total Tonnes of Consumption emission factor CO2e emissions (KWH)

CO2 E 88290403 x 0.0003 equals 26487.12

Table B6. Total electricity consumption used to calculate Institutional greenhouse gas emissions.

Institutional (Provincial School buildings) 2015 Electricity Grid electricity Total Tonnes of Consumption emission factor CO2e emissions

CO2 E 1141542 x 0.0003 equals 342.46

Table B7. Total GHG Emissions relating to heating the Institutional school buildings in Stratford.

School 1 Heating Emissions Conversi Energy on factor Consumption (litres Total Grams of CO2 of 1 Total Tonnes of CO2 of Oil) Emission Factor GWP emissions produced million emissions produced CO2 67049.3 x 2725 x 1 equals 182709342.5 / 1000000 equals 182.71 CH4 67049.3 x 0.026 x 21 equals 36608.9178 / 1000000 equals 0.036608918 N2O 67049.3 x 0.031 x 310 equals 644343.773 / 1000000 equals 0.644343773 Total CO2E 183390295.2 183.39

School 2 Heating Emissions

Conversi Energy on factor Consumption (litres Total Grams of CO2 of 1 Total Tonnes of CO2 of Oil) Emission Factor GWP emissions produced million emissions produced CO2 44410.5 x 2725 x 1 equals 121018612.5 / 1000000 equals 121.02

CH4 44410.5 x 0.026 x 21 equals 24248.133 / 1000000 equals 0.024248133 N2O 44410.5 x 0.031 x 310 equals 426784.905 / 1000000 equals 0.426784905 Total CO2E 121469645.5 121.47

Totoal CO2E Emissions for Both Schools 304.86 Note: Information provided by Blake Crockett, Financial Services Supervisor, PEI Public Schools Branch.

Table B8. Total Energy Consumption and GHG emissions for the Uncategorized Streetlights.

Uncategorized Streetlights 2015 Grid electricity Total Tonnes of Electricity emission factor CO2e emissions Consumption (KWH) CO2 E 1904829 x 0.0003 equals 571.45

Table B9. Total Energy Consumption and GHG emissions for the Industry located in Stratford.

Industrial 2015 Grid electricity Total Tonnes of Electricity emission factor CO2e emissions Consumption (KWH) CO2 E 205977 x 0.0003 equals 61.79

Table B10. Total tonnes of CO2E in tonnes for Community Transportation in Stratford.

Community Transportation Summary Total Community VKT: 90039137 Total Tonnes of CO2E Emissions: Tonnes Car 10185.08 Light Duty Truck 10227.22 Heavy Duty Truck 9730.39 Total CO2E in Tonnes: 30142.68

Table B11. Solid Waste produced by residential population in Stratford in 2015.

2015 Community Solid Waste Emissions For 2015 930.2067 tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste delivered to PEI Energy Systems heating/incineration plant. Tonnes CO2 956.21 (From continuous emissions monitoring system) CH4 0.0558 (EF from link below) N2O 0.0558 (EF from link below) Total CO2E: 956.3216 CH4, N2O Source: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/5_Volume5/V5_5_Ch5_IOB.pdf

Source: Chris MacDougall, Operations Engineer - PEI, Vereson PEI Energy Systems Inc. Note: Two large item waste pick-up days in the Spring and Fall were excluded from these calculations due to a lack of available information.