HPS: Annual Report 2007-2008
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Official Publication of the Optometric Historical Society
Official Publication of the Optometric Historical Society Hindsight: Journal of Optometry History publishes material on the history of optometry and related topics. As the official publication of the Optometric Historical Society, Hindsight: Journal of Optometry History supports the purposes and functions of the Optometric Historical Society. The purposes of the Optometric Historical Society, according to its by-laws, are: ● to encourage the collection and preservation of materials relating to the history of optometry, ● to assist in securing and documenting the recollections of those who participated in the development of optometry, ● to encourage and assist in the care of archives of optometric interest, ● to identify and mark sites, landmarks, monuments, and structures of significance in optometric development, and ● to shed honor and recognition on persons, groups, and agencies making notable contributions toward the goals of the society. Officers and Board of Trustees of the Optometric Historical Society (with years of expiration of their terms on the Board in parentheses): President: John F. Amos (2015), email address: [email protected] Vice-President: Alden Norm Haffner (2014) Secretary-Treasurer: Chuck Haine (2016) Trustees: Jerry Abrams (2013) Arol Augsburger (2013) Irving Bennett (2016) Jay M. Enoch (2014) Morton Greenspoon (2015) Alfred Rosenbloom (2015) The official publication of the Optometric Historical Society, published quarterly since its beginning, was previously titled: Newsletter of the Optometric Historical Society, 1970-1991 (volumes 1-22), and Hindsight: Newsletter of the Optometric Historical Society, 1992-2006 (volumes 23-37). Use of the current title, Hindsight: Journal of Optometry History, began in 2007 with volume 38, number 1. On the cover: An image of the Chambers-Inskeep Ophthalmometer when it was introduced in 1899, from the May 24, 1899 issue of Jewelers Review (volume 32, page 652). -
Articles Articles
Articles Articles ALEXI BAKER “Precision,” “Perfection,” and the Reality of British Scientific Instruments on the Move During the 18th Century Résumé Abstract On représente souvent les instruments scientifiques Early modern British “scientific” instruments, including du 18e siècle, y compris les chronomètres de précision, precision timekeepers, are often represented as static, comme des objets statiques, à l’état neuf et complets en pristine, and self-contained in 18th-century depictions eux-mêmes dans les descriptions des débuts de l’époque and in many modern museum displays. In reality, they moderne et dans de nombreuses expositions muséales were almost constantly in physical flux. Movement and d’aujourd’hui. En réalité, ces instruments se trouvaient changing and challenging environmental conditions presque constamment soumis à des courants physiques. frequently impaired their usage and maintenance, Le mouvement et les conditions environnementales especially at sea and on expeditions of “science” and difficiles et changeantes perturbaient souvent leur exploration. As a result, individuals’ experiences with utilisation et leur entretien, en particulier en mer et mending and adapting instruments greatly defined the lors d’expéditions scientifiques et d’exploration. Ce culture of technology and its use as well as later efforts sont donc les expériences individuelles de réparation at standardization. et d’adaptation des instruments qui ont grandement contribué à définir la culture de la technologie. In 1769, the astronomer John Bradley finally the calculation of the distance between the Earth reached the Lizard peninsula in Cornwall and the Sun. Bradley had not needed to travel with his men, instruments, and portable tent as far as many of his Transit counterparts, but observatory after a stressful journey. -
The Library and Community Guide to Citizen Science
The Library and Community Guide to CitizenUnderstanding, p lanning,Science and sustaining ongoing engagement in citizen science at your library. EDITORS: Darlene Cavalier School for the Future of Innovation in Society at ASU, SciStarter Caroline Nickerson SciStarter Robin Salthouse Maricopa County Library District, Adult Services Supervisor, Southeast Regional Library, Gilbert, November 2019 Arizona Dan Stanton Arizona State University Library, SciStarter ADVISORS: Kelli Ham Master of Library and Information Studies, Community Engagement Librarian, National Network of Libraries of Medicine Pacific Southwest Region Theresa Schwerin Master of Library and Information Science, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies The Librarian’s Guide to Citizen Science was made possible with support from: (IGES) The Institute of Museum and Library Services, under grant number LG-95-17-0158-17. IMLS is the DESIGNER: primary source of federal support for the nation’s libraries and museums. IMLS advances, supports, Emily Maletz and empowers America’s museums, libraries, and related organizations through grantmaking, research, and policy development. Their vision is a nation where museums and libraries work SPECIAL THANKS TO: together to transform the lives of individuals and communities. To learn more, visit www.imls.gov. Cynthia Randall Executive Director of Cornerstones of Science, Developed resources reported are supported by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), National for providing the foundation for this Guide and Institutes of Health, under Cooperative Agreement number UG4LM012341 with the UCLA Louise for her professional guidance in supporting M. Darling Biomedical Library. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not public libraries as vibrant community hubs for necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. -
Nova Report 2006-2007
NOVA REPORTNOVA 2006 - 2007 NOVA REPORT 2006-2007 Illustration on the front cover The cover image shows a composite image of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A). This object is the brightest radio source in the sky, and has been created by a supernova explosion about 330 year ago. The star itself had a mass of around 20 times the mass of the sun, but by the time it exploded it must have lost most of the outer layers. The red and green colors in the image are obtained from a million second observation of Cas A with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The blue image is obtained with the Very Large Array at a wavelength of 21.7 cm. The emission is caused by very high energy electrons swirling around in a magnetic field. The red image is based on the ratio of line emission of Si XIII over Mg XI, which brings out the bi-polar, jet-like, structure. The green image is the Si XIII line emission itself, showing that most X-ray emission comes from a shell of stellar debris. Faintly visible in green in the center is a point-like source, which is presumably the neutron star, created just prior to the supernova explosion. Image credits: Creation/compilation: Jacco Vink. The data were obtained from: NASA Chandra X-ray observatory and Very Large Array (downloaded from Astronomy Digital Image Library http://adil.ncsa.uiuc. edu). Related scientific publications: Hwang, Vink, et al., 2004, Astrophys. J. 615, L117; Helder and Vink, 2008, Astrophys. J. in press. -
Large Telescopes and Why We Need Them Transcript
Large telescopes and why we need them Transcript Date: Wednesday, 9 May 2012 - 1:00PM Location: Museum of London 9 May 2012 Large Telescopes And Why we Need Them Professor Carolin Crawford Astronomy is a comparatively passive science, in that we can’t engage in laboratory experiments to investigate how the Universe works. To study any cosmic object outside of our Solar System, we can only work with the light it emits that happens to fall on Earth. How much we can interpret and understand about the Universe around us depends on how well we can collect and analyse that light. This talk is about the first part of that problem: how we improve the collection of light. The key problem for astronomers is that all stars, nebulae and galaxies are so very far away that they appear both very small, and very faint - some so much so that they can’t be seen without the help of a telescope. Its role is simply to collect more light than the unaided eye can, making astronomical sources appear both bigger and brighter, or even just to make most of them visible in the first place. A new generation of electronic detectors have made observations with the eye redundant. We now have cameras to record the images directly, or once it has been split into its constituent wavelengths by spectrographs. Even though there are a whole host of ingenious and complex instruments that enable us to record and analyse the light, they are still only able to work with the light they receive in the first place. -
Encountering Science in America
ENCOUNTERING SCIENCE IN AMERICA A REPORT FROM THE PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE INITIATIVE THE PUBLIC FACE OF SCIENCE ENCOUNTERING SCIENCE IN AMERICA american academy of arts & sciences Cambridge, Massachusetts © 2019 by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences All rights reserved. isbn: 0-87724-125-2 This publication is available online at http://www.publicfaceofscience.org. Suggested citation: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Encountering Science in America (Cambridge, Mass.: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2019). The views expressed in this volume are those held by the contributors and are not necessarily those of the Officers and Members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Please direct inquiries to: American Academy of Arts and Sciences 136 Irving Street Cambridge ma 02138-1996 Telephone: 617-576-5000 Email: [email protected] Web: www.amacad.org Twitter: @americanacad CONTENTS Preface v Top Three Takeaways vii Introduction 1 SECTION 1: Building a Conceptual Framework 4 Science Communication and Engagement: To What End? 4 Overview of the Participants 4 Motivations for Communicating and Engaging 6 Outcomes of Science Communication and Engagement 8 Discussion 10 Resources on Science Engagement 11 SECTION 2: How People May Encounter Science 12 Visiting Science 12 Attending Science Events 14 Participating in Science 16 Engaging with Science Online 18 Discussion 20 SPECIAL SECTION: Science in Everyday Life 21 General News Outlets are a Common Source of Science News 22 Science Posts are Commonly Seen on Social Media 23 A Majority -
The GLENDAMA Database
Technical Report & User's Guide The GLENDAMA Database Luis J. Goicoechea, Vyacheslav N. Shalyapin? and Rodrigo Gil-Merino Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain ABSTRACT This is the first version (v1) of the Gravitational LENses and DArk MAtter (GLENDAMA) database accessible at http://grupos.unican.es/glendama/database The new database contains more than 6000 ready-to-use (processed) astronomical frames corresponding to 15 objects that fall into three classes: (1) lensed QSO (8 objects), (2) binary QSO (3 objects), and (3) accretion-dominated radio-loud QSO (4 objects). Data are also divided into two categories: freely available and available upon request. The second category includes observations related to our yet unpublished analyses. Although this v1 of the GLENDAMA archive incorporates an X-ray monitoring campaign for a lensed QSO in 2010, the rest of frames (imaging, polarimetry and spectroscopy) were taken with NUV, visible and NIR facilities over the period 1999−2014. The monitorings and follow-up observations of lensed QSOs are key tools for discussing the accretion flow in distant QSOs, the redshift and structure of intervening (lensing) galaxies, and the physical properties of the Universe as a whole. Subject headings: astronomical databases | gravitational lensing: strong and micro | quasars: general | quasars: supermassive black holes | quasars: ac- cretion | galaxies: general | galaxies: distances and redshifts | galaxies: halos arXiv:1505.04317v2 [astro-ph.IM] 19 May 2015 | cosmological parameters ?permanent address: Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, Kharkov, Ukraine { 2 { 1. Target objects and facilities At present, the Gravitational LENses and DArk MAtter (GLENDAMA) project at the Universidad de Cantabria (UC) is conducting a programme of observation of eight lensed QSOs with facilities at the European Northern Observatory (ENO). -
Philosophical Transactions (A)
INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS (A) FOR THE YEAR 1889. A. A bney (W. de W.). Total Eclipse of the San observed at Caroline Island, on 6th May, 1883, 119. A bney (W. de W.) and T horpe (T. E.). On the Determination of the Photometric Intensity of the Coronal Light during the Solar Eclipse of August 28-29, 1886, 363. Alcohol, a study of the thermal properties of propyl, 137 (see R amsay and Y oung). Archer (R. H.). Observations made by Newcomb’s Method on the Visibility of Extension of the Coronal Streamers at Hog Island, Grenada, Eclipse of August 28-29, 1886, 382. Atomic weight of gold, revision of the, 395 (see Mallet). B. B oys (C. V.). The Radio-Micrometer, 159. B ryan (G. H.). The Waves on a Rotating Liquid Spheroid of Finite Ellipticity, 187. C. Conroy (Sir J.). Some Observations on the Amount of Light Reflected and Transmitted by Certain 'Kinds of Glass, 245. Corona, on the photographs of the, obtained at Prickly Point and Carriacou Island, total solar eclipse, August 29, 1886, 347 (see W esley). Coronal light, on the determination of the, during the solar eclipse of August 28-29, 1886, 363 (see Abney and Thorpe). Coronal streamers, observations made by Newcomb’s Method on the Visibility of, Eclipse of August 28-29, 1886, 382 (see A rcher). Cosmogony, on the mechanical conditions of a swarm of meteorites, and on theories of, 1 (see Darwin). Currents induced in a spherical conductor by variation of an external magnetic potential, 513 (see Lamb). 520 INDEX. -
James Short and John Harrison: Personal Genius and Public Knowledge
Science Museum Group Journal James Short and John Harrison: personal genius and public knowledge Journal ISSN number: 2054-5770 This article was written by Jim Bennett 10-09-2014 Cite as 10.15180; 140209 Research James Short and John Harrison: personal genius and public knowledge Published in Autumn 2014, Issue 02 Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15180/140209 Abstract The instrument maker James Short, whose output was exclusively reflecting telescopes, was a sustained and consistent supporter of the clock and watch maker John Harrison. Short’s specialism placed his work in a tradition that derived from Newton’s Opticks, where the natural philosopher or mathematician might engage in the mechanical process of making mirrors, and a number of prominent astronomers followed this example in the eighteenth century. However, it proved difficult, if not impossible, to capture and communicate in words the manual skills they had acquired. Harrison’s biography has similarities with Short’s but, although he was well received and encouraged in London, unlike Short his mechanical practice did not place him at the centre of the astronomers’ agenda. Harrison became a small part of the growing public interest in experimental demonstration and display, and his timekeepers became objects of exhibition and resort. Lacking formal training, he himself came to be seen as a naive or intuitive mechanic, possessed of an individual and natural ‘genius’ for his work – an idea likely to be favoured by Short and his circle, and appropriate to Short’s intellectual roots in Edinburgh. The problem of capturing and communicating Harrison’s skill became acute once he was a serious candidate for a longitude award and was the burden of the specially appointed ‘Commissioners for the Discovery of Mr Harrison’s Watch’, whose members included Short. -
9. Instruments and Techniques (Instruments Et Techniques)
9. INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES (INSTRUMENTS ET TECHNIQUES) PRESIDENT: E.H. Richardson VICE-PRESIDENT: W. C. Livingston ORGANIZING COMMITTEE: T. Bolton, W. B. Burton, P. Connes, J. Davis, J. L. Heudier, I. M. Kopylov, A. Labeyrie, D. McMullan, A. B. Meinel, N. N. Mikhel'son, J. Ring, J. Rosch, N. Steshenko, G.A.H. Walker, M. F. Walker. I. MEETING AT THE 6 METRE TELESCOPE The major activity organized by Commission 9 was IAU Colloquium 67, Instrumentation for Large Telescopes, held 8-10 Sept., 1981, on a portion of the observing floor of the 6 metre telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory, USSR. The cooling coils in the floor were turned off and a rug laid. The enormous BTA (Bolshoi Altazimuth Telescope) provided a spectacular back drop to the 88 participants. Between sessions, the particpants were shown every detail of the telescope by its Chief Designer, Dr. B. K. Ioannisiani, and SAO staff. Night observations continued: speckle interferometry. The Proceedings, edited by C. M. Humphries, and consisting of some 40 titles and three photographs at the BTA, will be published by Reidel as "Instrumentation for Astronomy with Large Optical Telescopes." There are four sections. 1) Telescopes (existing, e.g. 6 metre, MMT and CFHT; under construction, e.g. 4.2 metre Herschel and Iraqi 3.5 metre; and planned, e.g. 7.6 metre Texas and USSR 6 metre polar); 2) Spectrographs (including multi-object, wide field, and with and without slit); 3) Interferometers; and 4) Detectors. The smallest telescope described, 5 cm, is located at the most extreme site, the South Pole, and is used to measure solar oscillations by the Observatoire de Nice. -
The Effect of a Science Festival for Special Education Students on Communicating Science Hyeran Park1, Youngmin Kim2* and Seongoh Jeong3
Park et al. Asia-Pacific Science Education (2019) 5:2 Asia-Pacific Science Education https://doi.org/10.1186/s41029-018-0029-0 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The effect of a science festival for special education students on communicating science Hyeran Park1, Youngmin Kim2* and Seongoh Jeong3 * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 2Pusan National University, Busandaehakro, 63 bun-gil 2, Busan Science festivals have been reported as an effective way to communicate science 46241, Republic of Korea between scientists and the public; however, only a few studies have examined Full list of author information is systematically and consistently how the festivals effect the public’s conceptions of available at the end of the article science. Moreover, few studies about science festivals for special education students are conducted. This study is based on findings from five years of reflective writings and drawings on Seullim Science Festivals collected by the Busan Institute of Science Education in Korea. Seullim Science Festival aims to give opportunities for Special Education students to engage in a variety of science experiments and to enjoy the basic rights of science for all students. The rich qualitative data were analyzed using a ground theory and categorized by the themes. The findings presented in this paper show the impressions of the special education students on the festivals and their pride in being a participating member. Additionally, the festivals gave opportunities for non-special education students to become more insightful understanding to special education students and to engage in science. The authors of the current study hope other science festival organizers and science educators find the information useful. -
“Precision,” “Perfection,” and the Reality of British Scientific Instruments on the Move During the 18Th Century Alexi Baker
Document generated on 09/29/2021 11:28 a.m. Material Culture Review “Precision,” “Perfection,” and the Reality of British Scientific Instruments on the Move During the 18th Century Alexi Baker Volume 74-75, 2012 Article abstract Early modern British “scientific” instruments, including precision timekeepers, URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/mcr74_75art01 are often represented as static, pristine, and self-contained in 18th-century depictions and in many modern museum displays. In reality, they were almost See table of contents constantly in physical flux. Movement and changing and challenging environmental conditions frequently impaired their usage and maintenance, especially at sea and on expeditions of “science” and exploration. As a result, Publisher(s) individuals’ experiences with mending and adapting instruments greatly defined the culture of technology and its use as well as later efforts at standardization. National Museums of Canada ISSN 0316-1854 (print) 0000-0000 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Baker, A. (2012). “Precision,” “Perfection,” and the Reality of British Scientific Instruments on the Move During the 18th Century. Material Culture Review, 74-75, 14–29. All rights reserved © National Museums of Canada, 2011 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research.