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Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/10403 SHARE Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 DETAILS 297 pages | 6 x 9 | HARDBACK ISBN 978-0-309-08457-4 | DOI 10.17226/10403 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK National Academy of Engineering FIND RELATED TITLES Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 i Memorial Tributes NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 ii Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 iii NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Memorial Tributes Volume 10 NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 2002 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 iv International Standard Book Number 0-309-08457-1 Additional copies of this publication are available from: National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.Box 285Washington, D.C.20055800–624–6242 or 202–334–3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area) B-467 Copyright 2002 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 CONTENTS v CONTENTS FOREWORD xi FREDERIC W.ALBAUGH 3 by Ersel A.Evans HARVEY O.BANKS 9 by William J.Carroll MELVIN L.BARON 15 by Jeremy Isenberg MILO C.BELL 19 Written by Roy I.JacksonSubmitted by the NAE Home Secretary J.LEWIS BLACKBURN 25 by Walter A.Elmore J.KEITH BRIMACOMBE 29 by Frank F.Aplan GORDON S.BROWN 35 Written by J.Francis ReintjesSubmitted by the NAE Home Secretary Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 CONTENTS vi JOHN D.CAPLAN 41 Written by John BrusSubmitted by the NAE Home Secretary WALLACE L.CHADWICK 49 by Stephen D.Bechtel, Jr. JULIAN D.COLE 55 by Marshall P.Tulin and Russell R.O’Neill ALFRED R.COOPER, JR. 61 by William R.Prindle GEORGES A.DESCHAMPS 67 by Yuen Tze Lo, Shung-Wu Lee, and Weng Cho Chew J.PRESPER ECKERT 71 by Leo L.Beranek HOWARD W.EMMONS 77 by Howard R.Baum and George F.Carrier EUGENE G.FUBINI 83 by Bob O.Evans DONALD F.GALLOWAY 87 by M.Eugene Merchant H.JOSEPH GERBER 95 by Anthony J.DeMaria EDWARD L.GINZTON 101 by Edward J.Barlow ANDRÉ Y.GIRAUD 107 by Chauncey Starr Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 CONTENTS vii JOHN V.N.GRANGER 111 by John R.Whinnery JOHN E.GRAY 115 Written by Julian SteynSubmitted by the NAE Home Secretary RICHARD W.HAMMING 121 by Herschel H.Loomis and David S.Potter N.BRUCE HANNAY 127 by Morris Tanenbaum CLAIR A.HILL 133 by Ben C.Gerwick NICHOLAS J.HOFF 137 by George S.Springer HOYT C.HOTTEL 141 by János M.Beér, Jack B.Howard,John P.Longwell, and Adel F.Sarofim GEORGE R.IRWIN 147 by James W.Dally BURGESS H.JENNINGS 155 by Morris E.Fine and Herbert S.Cheng ROBERT A.LAUDISE 159 by John J.Gilman HANS LIST 165 by Gordon H.Millar HARVARD LOMAX 169 by Richard A.Seebass Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 CONTENTS viii ALBERT G.MUMMA 175 by David S.Potter RYOICHI NAKAGAWA 179 by Trevor O.Jones KENNETH D.NICHOLS 183 by John W.Simpson FRANKLIN F.OFFNER 189 by Alvin M.Weinberg and Peter J.Dallas JOHN R.PHILIP 195 by Shlomo P.Neuman OTTO H.SCHMITT 201 by Herman P.Schwan and David B.Geselowitz JUDITH A.SCHWAN 207 by Leo J.Thomas JOSEPH F.SHEA 211 by George E.Mueller ROBERT S.SILVER 217 by Myron Tribus WERNER STUMM 223 by James J.Morgan VICTOR G.SZEBEHELY 229 by Richard H.Battin HANS J.P.VON OHAIN 235 by William R.Sears ELMER P.WHEATON 241 by James G.Wenzel Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 CONTENTS ix EUGENE C.WHITNEY 249 by Edwin L.Harder and Lee A.Kilgore FRANK WHITTLE 253 by Richard J.Coar F.KARL WILLENBROCK 261 by John G.Truxal CHIA-SHUN YIH 265 by Yuan-Cheng Fung CHARLES A.ZRAKET 277 by Gerald P.Dinneen and Robert R.Everett APPENDIX 283 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR THE PHOTOGRAPHS 285 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 CONTENTS x Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 FOREWORD xi FOREWORD THIS IS THE TENTH VOLUME in the series of MemorialTributes compiled by the National Academy of Engineering as a personal remembrance of the lives and outstanding achievements of its members and foreign associates. These volumes are intended to stand as an enduring record of the many contributions of engineers and engineering to the benefit of humankind. In most cases, the authors of the tributes are contemporaries or colleagues who had personal knowledge of the interests and the engineering accomplishments of the deceased. Through its members and foreign associates, the Academy carries out the responsibilities for which it was established in 1964. Under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering was formed as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. Members are elected on the basis of significant contributions to engineering theory and practice and to the literature of engineering or on the basis of demonstrated unusual accomplishments in the pioneering of new and developing fields of technology. Together the National Academies share a responsibility to advise the federal government on matters of science and technology. The expertise and credibility that the National Academy of Engineering brings to that task stem directly from the abilities, interests, and achievements of our members and foreign associates, our colleagues and friends, whose special gifts we remember in these pages. W.Dale Compton Home Secretary Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 FOREWORD xii Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 MEMORIAL TRIBUTES 1 Memorial Tributes NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 2 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 FREDERIC W.ALBAUGH 3 FREDERIC W.ALBAUGH 1913–1999 BY ERSEL A. EVANS FRED WAS BORN IN ALBIA, IOWA, received a B.A. degree in chemistry from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1935; an M.S. degree in chemistry from the University of Michigan in 1938; and a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Michigan in 1941. He was a research chemist with Union Oil Company in Wilmington, California, from 1941 to 1943 and 1945 to 1947; and a highly respected research chemist with the Manhattan Project from 1944 to 1945. His wife, Edrey, was also with the Manhattan Project. He played a major role in the project and at the Hanford Plant with General Electric Company in developing a series of increasingly effective processes for separating plutonium from irradiated uranium fuel. For example, the waste generated per ton of irradiated fuel processed decreased thirty-fold over a period of only one decade as a result of the reprocessing developments for which Fred furnished much of the vision in addition to providing and developing world leadership in a brilliant, but self-effacing way. He also provided leadership in developing processes for extracting desired isotopes from high-level wastes and for vitrification of the wastes. He played an important role in the formation of the Hanford Laboratories in 1956 to integrate all the research and development activities formerly spread across the Hanford site in separate organizations dealing with reactors, fuels, reprocessing, and Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 10 FREDERIC W.ALBAUGH 4 other technical operations. He then envisioned and implemented a program for peaceful use of plutonium. With the help of many other organizations worldwide, particularly other U.S. laboratories such as those operated by Argonne National Laboratory at Idaho Falls, Idaho, processes were developed for a wide range of plutonium, uranium, and thorium ceramic, metal, and cermet fuels. These were successfully tested in many reactors in the United States and in other countries. Perhaps most important was the conception, building, operation, and decommissioning of the Plutonium Recycle Test Reactor. The reactor was built for $2.3 million less than the $15 million cost estimate while meeting the two- year schedule and operated from 1963 to 1968. This program was an important part of the foundation for a wide range of government and industrial activities, including both thermal and fast reactors, isotopic heat sources, nuclear rockets, and, perhaps most important, the present awesome commitment to disposal of large quantities of weapons materials. These activities have ranged from fundamental property measurements to urgent safeguards, transportation, and waste disposal problems. In 1964 a management “revolution” occurred at Hanford, partly as a result of a joint diversification study by Albaugh and Paul Holstead of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). Operations originally managed by General Electric Company were opened to bids from other organizations.
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