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La Géologie Du Morvan EN SAVOIR PLUS N Un Cahier Scientifique

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La Géologie Du Morvan EN SAVOIR PLUS N Un Cahier Scientifique LE BIEN PUBLIC DIMANCHE 21 JANVIER 2018 34 LOISIRS DANS LA RÉGION NATURE [ BIODIVERSITÉ ] La géologie du Morvan EN SAVOIR PLUS n Un cahier scientifique Procurez-vous le Cahier scienti- fique du Parc N° 6/2008 sur la cartographie du Morvan. Vous y découvrirez les dessous de la montagne bourguignonne : géologie, milieux, activités Zone montagneuse de la humaines au fil du temps… Bourgogne, le massif du Morvan n Mini-glossaire possède des caractéristiques PH : le Potentiel Hydrogène, géologiques bien à lui… ou PH, est un indicateur per- mettant d’évaluer l’acidité. nLe Morvan est-il un massif ment de la Tectonique des plaques : étude isolé dans la carte géologique plaque continentale eurasiatique a des mouvements des plaques de France ? alors affecté toute la chaîne qui Est. Cette orientation est très constituant la partie superficiel- s’étend du Massif Armoricain à la Fo- marquée du Creusot à Vendenesse- le de la Terre. ar sa structure, le Morvan est plei- rêt Noire en Allemagne, en passant sur-Arroux, ainsi que sur le massif fo- Pnement rattaché au Massif cen- par les Vosges. Du Massif Armori- restier du Morvan. tral. Il a été façonné durant ce que cain au Massif central, le plissement n marqué avec ce que l’on appelle le l’on nomme le cycle hercynien, au s’est fait dans un sens Nord-Ouest/ Pourquoi peut-on dire “fossé bressan”, qui oriente nette- cours de l’Ère primaire, il y a entre Sud-Est, tandis que jusqu’à la Forêt que le Morvan est une exception ment la Saône. 408 et 245 millions d’années. Un im- Noire, et aussi en Bourgogne, ce pli a en Bourgogne ? n portant plissement lié au mouve- pris une direction Sud-Ouest/Nord- Sa nature granitique, qui se prolonge Que peut-on dire de la jusqu’au Haut Charolais, le distingue géologie plus “superficielle” du reste de la région. C’est au cours du Morvan ? Gérard MOTTET de l’Ère Tertiaire (- 66 à - 2,58 millions Par-dessus ses roches cristallines, le Conseiller scientifique au Parc naturel régional d’années) que le Morvan s’est libéré Morvan possède un sol acide, avec du Morvan et membre de la Société Géologique des calcaires du Jurassique moyen, à un PH entre 4 et 5,5. Il est constitué de France l’exception de l’Auxois. Le Morvan de plusieurs couches calcaires et est aussi remarquable par sa hauteur, marneuses qui correspondent à dif- qui culmine avec le Haut-Folin à 732 férentes périodes géologiques qui se Y a-t-il des traces mètres. Il aurait pu atteindre une alti- sont succédé. Le sol morvandiau d’activité volcanique tude supérieure, s’il n’avait connu il y convient à des formations forestières a bien longtemps un aplanissement, acidophiles de type chênaies-hê- dans le Morvan ? dite surface post-hercynienne. La su- traies. Si l’on regarde un cran plus rélévation du Morvan s’est en revan- haut, on peut aussi remarquer que le « Un complexe volcano-sédimentaire s’étend du Bazois jusqu’au Nord- che accentuée avec la tectonique Morvan est le premier obstacle topo- Est du bassin sédimentaire d’Autun. Il est composé de coulées et de tufs Nord/Sud qui a affecté le massif. À graphique aux dépressions formées volcaniques qui datent du Dévonien supérieur (-377 à -352 millions l’Ouest, une faille correspond à la sur l’Océan Atlantique. Les prévi- d’années). Le tuf est une roche formée à partir des débris volcaniques jonction entre le bassin argileux du sions météorologiques montrent conglomérés sous l’action de l’eau. » Bazois et le Morvan. À l’Est, l’effet de bien que ces dernières ont un trajet cette même tectonique est fortement Ouest/Est. CRÉDITS SENS (89) PARTENARIAT Rendez-vous en janvier Coordination : Cette page est réalisée en partenariat avec l’asso- Du 25 au 28 janvier, se déroulera la ciation Bourgogne Nature, association regroupant Daniel Sirugue, rédacteur en chef de 9e édition des Récid’Eau, à Sens (89), la Société d’histoire naturelle d’Autun, la Société Bourgogne Nature et conseiller scienti- sur le thème Le changement climatique des sciences naturelles de Bourgogne, le Parc na- fique au Parc naturel régional du Mor- et la biodiversité. À cette occasion, van. Bourgogne-Nature et ses structures turel régional du Morvan et le Conservatoire d’es- partenaires proposeront un stand com- paces naturels de Bourgogne. Illustration : Gilles Macagno. mun et des animations, avec un accueil Rédaction : Gérard Mottet en Langue des Signes les 27 et 28 ! www.bienpublic.com CDO - 1.
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