Challenging Conformity: a Case for Diversity∗
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Strong Cultures and Subcultures in Dynamic Organizations
02-091 The Role of Subcultures in Agile Organizations Alicia Boisnier Jennifer A. Chatman1 1 The second author wrote this paper while a Marvin Bower Fellow at the Harvard Business School and is grateful for their support. We also thank Elizabeth Mannix, Rita McGrath, and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful suggestions. Copyright © 2002 by Alicia Boisnier and Jennifer A. Chatman Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. The Role of Subcultures in Agile Organizations Alicia Boisnier and Jennifer A. Chatman1 Haas School of Business University of California, Berkeley May 24, 2002 To appear in, R. Petersen and E. Mannix, Leading and managing people in dynamic organizations. Forthcoming, 2002. 1 The second author wrote this paper while a Marvin Bower Fellow at the Harvard Business School and is grateful for their support. We also thank Elizabeth Mannix, Rita McGrath, and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful suggestions. 2 Organizations face increasingly dynamic environments characterized by substantial, and often unpredictable technological, political, and economic change. How can organizations respond rapidly to such changes or become more agile? Organizational agility, according to Lee Dyer, “requires a judicious mix of stability and reconfigurability” (2001: 4). We consider an unlikely source of agility: organizational culture. This may seem like an odd juxtaposition since strong unitary cultures exert a stabilizing force on organizations by encouraging cohesion, organizational commitment, and desirable work behaviors among members (e.g., Deal & Kennedy, 1982; Nemeth & Staw, 1989; O'Reilly & Chatman, 1986). -
Culture and Materialism : Raymond Williams and the Marxist Debate
CULTURE AND MATERIALISM: RAYMOND WILLIAMS AND THE MARXIST DEBATE by David C. Robinson B.A. (Honours1, Queen's University, 1988 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (COMMUNICATIONS) in the ,Department of Communication @ David C. Robinson 1991 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY July, 1991 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL NAME: David Robinson DEGREE: Master of Arts (Communication) TITLE OF THESIS: Culture and Materialism: Raymond Williams and the Marxist Debate EXAMINING COMMITTEE: CHAIR: Dr. Linda Harasim Dr. Richard S. Gruneau Professor Senior Supervisor Dr. Alison C. M. Beale Assistant Professor Supervisor " - Dr. Jerald Zaslove Associate Professor Department of English Examiner DATE APPROVED: PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis or dissertation (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Dissertation: Culture and Materialism: Raymond Williams and the Marxist Debate Author : signature David C. -
Signaling Conformity: Changing Norms in Japan and China
Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 27 Issue 3 2006 Signaling Conformity: Changing Norms in Japan and China David Nelken University of Macerata Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Law and Society Commons, and the Rule of Law Commons Recommended Citation David Nelken, Signaling Conformity: Changing Norms in Japan and China, 27 MICH. J. INT'L L. 933 (2006). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol27/iss3/8 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Journal of International Law at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMMENT SIGNALING CONFORMITY: CHANGING NORMS IN JAPAN AND CHINA David Nelken* The transnational circulation of people and ideas is transform- ing the world we live in, but grasping its full complexity is extraordinarilydifficult. It is essential to focus on specific places where transnationalflows are happening. The challenge is to study placeless phenomena in a place, to find small interstices in global processes in which critical decisions are made, to track the information flows that constitute global discourses, and to mark the points at which competing discourses intersect in the myriad links between global and local conceptions and institu- tions. -Sally Merry' In the current restructuring of world order, scholars of international and comparative law encounter unprecedented opportunities to offer in- sights into legal and social change, as well as to debate how such developments should best be regulated. -
The Joint Commission: Cultural Diversity
The Joint Commission: Cultural Diversity Cultural Diversity Lesson Information Purpose To provide healthcare workers with information to increase their knowledge and to help them meet the requirements of The Joint Commission, Occupational Safety & Health Administration, and other regulatory bodies, with the goal of providing safe, competent, and quality patient care. Abstract America is a nation of immigrants. Most Americans' ancestors came from other countries with different languages, customs, and systems of belief. Showing respect for your patients' cultural, spiritual, and psychosocial values demonstrates cultural competency.1 Cultural competency enables healthcare workers to understand their patient's expectations about the care, treatment, and services they receive. This lesson briefly describes the cultural differences that you may encounter when providing care to patients. Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: 1. Define the terms related to culture. 2. Recognize cultural differences among Americans. 3. List interventions that healthcare workers can use to meet the needs of culturally diverse patients. Consultants Contributors Dana Armstrong, RN, MSN Senior Clinical Systems Analyst Mississippi Baptist Health Systems Jackson, Mississippi Reviewers Jodi Nili, RN Quality Management Coordinator Community Regional Medical Center Fresno, California Stephanie Wiedenhoeft, RN, CPHRM, CPHQ Risk Manager Community Medical Centers Fresno, California Copyright © 2016 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. All rights reserved. Except as specifically permitted herein, no part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any information system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Forms and Figures may be displayed and may be reproduced in print form for instructional purposes only, provided a proper copyright notice appears on the last page of each print-out. -
Cultural Theorizing Has Dramatically Increased
Cultural CHAPTER 9 Theorizing Another Embarassing Confession Like the concept of social structure, the conceptualization of culture in sociology is rather vague, despite a great deal of attention by sociologists to the properties and dynamics of cul- ture. There has always been the recognition that culture is attached to social structures, and vice versa, with the result that sociologists often speak in terms of sociocultural formations or sociocultural systems and structures. This merging of structure and culture rarely clarifies but, instead, further conflates a precise definition of culture. And so, sociology’s big idea— culture—is much like the notion of social structure. Its conceptualization is somewhat meta- phorical, often rather imprecise, and yet highly evocative. There is no consensus in defini- tions of culture beyond the general idea that humans create symbol systems, built from our linguistic capacities, which are used to regulate conduct. And even this definition would be challenged by some. Since the 1980s and accelerating with each decade, the amount of cultural theorizing has dramatically increased. Mid-twentieth-century functional theory had emphasized the importance of culture but not in a context-specific or robust manner; rather, functional- ism viewed culture as a mechanism by which actions are controlled and regulated,1 whereas much of the modern revival of culture has viewed culture in a much more robust and inclusive manner. When conflict theory finally pushed functionalism from center stage, it also tended to bring forth a more Marxian view of culture as a “superstructure” generated by economic substructures. Culture became the sidekick, much like Tonto for the Lone Ranger, to social structure, with the result that its autonomy and force indepen- dent of social structures were not emphasized and, in some cases, not even recognized. -
Sample IDI Intercultural Development Plan (IDP)
Intercultural Development Inventory® Intercultural Development Plan Prepared for: Carl M , Example Group Prepared by: IDI Qualified Administrator, IDI, LLC The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI®) is protected by copyright and is the proprietary IDI, LLC property of Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., and IDI LLC. Intercultural Development Inventory and IDI are registered trademarks of Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., and IDI, LLC. You may not use, copy, http://idiinventory.com/ display, distribute, modify, or reproduce any of the trademarks found in this Report except as [email protected] expressly authorized by IDI, LLC. Carl M , Example Group Page | 2 Your Intercultural Development Plan (IDP) Completing the Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI®) and reviewing your own IDI Individual Profile Report provides key insights into how you make sense of cultural differences and commonalities. The next step is to systematically increase your intercultural competence—from where you are to where want to be—by designing and implementing your own Intercultural Development Plan® (IDP®). This IDP is specifically customized to your own IDI profile results and is an effective way for you to increase your skills in navigating cultural differences. After completing your IDP, you may consider taking the IDI again to determine your progress in increasing your intercultural competence. Should you select this option, a second customized IDP would then be produced based on your most recent IDI profile results, thus providing further intercultural development. By completing your Individual Development Plan, you can: • Gain insights concerning intercultural challenges you are facing and identify intercultural competence development goals that are important for you, • Gain increased understanding of how your Developmental Orientation impacts how you perceive and respond to cultural differences and commonalities, and • Identify and engage in targeted, developmental efforts that increase your intercultural competence in bridging across diverse communities. -
Conflicts Among Civilizations: the Nfluei Nce Behind War and Art Ross Pickett Roger Williams University
Reason and Respect Volume 4 Article 8 Issue 1 Spring 2008 4-1-2008 Conflicts among Civilizations: The nflueI nce behind War and Art Ross Pickett Roger Williams University Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.rwu.edu/rr Recommended Citation Pickett, Ross (2008) "Conflicts among Civilizations: The nflueI nce behind War and Art," Reason and Respect: Vol. 4: Iss. 1, Article 8. Available at: http://docs.rwu.edu/rr/vol4/iss1/8 Copyright ©4-1-2008 by the authors Reason and Respect is produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress). For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pickett: Conflicts among Civilizations: The Influence behind War and Art Conflicts among Civilizations: The Influence behind War and Art Ross Pickett, Marketing ‘09 The idea that conflicts among civilizations result from a cultural difference rather than an economic or political standpoint is a courageous one. These conflicts are too deeply rooted and complex to analyze in one single concept. Using only this central point, this theory attempts to define the reason behind all civilization, conflicts, and why culture exists. Is not money or economic value an underlying factor in wars throughout time? Political events have an incredibly important impact on the inhabitants of a civilization. Do these events not have influence on people, and in turn affect the ideas and beliefs of a nation? Is the rivalry between two peoples really caused by its cultural differences; or the thrill of competition, conquering, and becoming the most powerful? These questions come to mind when trying to validate the theory that conflict results from a cultural difference. -
Immigration and Acculturation
T h i r d E d i t i o n Shuang Liu, Zala VolČiČ & Cindy Gallois INTRODUCING Intercultural Communication • GLOBAL CULTURES AND CONTEXTS • LIU_aw.indd 6 00_LIU ET AL_FM.indd 3 05/06/2018 13:18 10/11/2018 12:50:50 PM 9 Immigration and Acculturation LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter, you should be able to: • Understand immigration as a major contributor to cultural diversity. • Explain culture shock and reverse culture shock. • Critically review acculturation models. • Identify the communication strategies that facilitate cross-cultural adaptation. 09_LIU ET AL_CH-09.indd 213 13/11/2018 4:02:17 PM 214 Introducing Intercultural Communication INTRODUCTION It goes without saying that our society is becoming more culturally and linguistically diverse by the day. An important contributor to cultural diversity is the migration of people. Some undertake voluntary migration and others are forced to do so: immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers, businesspeople, international students and so on. Globalization and communication technologies not only redefine the mobility of people in contemporary societies, they also delineate new parameters for interpreting immigration. Historically, immigration referred to the restricted cross-border movements of people, emphasizing the permanent relocation and settlement of usually unskilled, often indentured or contracted labourers who were displaced by political turmoil and thus had little option other than resettlement in a new country. Today, growing affluence and the emergence of a new group of skilled and educated people have fuelled a new global movement of migrants who are in search of better economic opportunities, an enhanced quality of life, greater political freedom and higher expectations. -
How Does Our Culture Make Us Similar and Different?
NEW YORK STATE SOCIAL STUDIES RESOURCE TOOLKIT 3rd Grade Cultural Diversity Inquiry How Does Our Culture Make Us Similar and Different? © iStock / © yellowcrestmedia. Supporting Questions 1. What is culture? 2. How does history impact cultures around the world today? 3. How are the lives of children similar and different in global communities? THIS WORK IS LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION- NONCOMMERCIAL- SHAREALIKE 4.0 INTERNATIONAL LICENSE. 1 NEW YORK STATE SOCIAL STUDIES RESOURCE TOOLKIT 3rd Grade Cultural Diversity Inquiry How Does Our Culture Make Us Similar and Different? New York State Social 3.5: Communities share cultural similarities and differences across the world. Studies Framework Gathering, Using, and Interpreting Evidence Chronological Reasoning and Causation Key Idea & Practices Comparison and Contextualization Geographic Reasoning Civic Participation Staging the Question Discuss the concept of “culture,” by brainstorming responses to the question, “what does culture look like?” Supporting Question 1 Supporting Question 2 Supporting Question 3 Research Understand Understand Assess What is culture? How does history impact cultures How are the lives of children similar around the world today? and different in global communities? Formative Formative Formative Performance Task Performance Task Performance Task List key details from text and Identify examples of historical Write a paragraph that compares and illustrations to answer the supporting influences on present-day cultures contrasts aspects of daily life for kids in question. around the world on a three-column several world communities. chart. Featured Source Featured Sources Featured Source Source A: “Discovering Culture” Source A: “Brazil Today—Carnaval! The Source A: Day in the Life Celebration of Brazil” Source B: Excerpts from Exploring Countries: France Source C: “The Ancient Art of Rangoli” Summative ARGUMENT How does our culture make us similar and different? Construct an argument supported with Performance evidence that addresses the compelling question. -
MODULE 1. Unit 2. INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE and SENSITIVITY to DIVERSITY Additional Information
Training packages for health professionals to improve access and quality of health services for migrants and ethnic minorities, including the Roma MEM‐TP MODULE 1. Unit 2. INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AND SENSITIVITY TO DIVERSITY Additional Information Prepared by: Ainhoa Rodriguez and Olga Leralta Andalusian School of Public Health © European Union, 2015 For any reproduction of textual and multimedia information which are not under the © of the European Union, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. © Cover Illustrations: Observatorio de la Infancia de Andalucía, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Junta de Andalucía. Migrants & Ethnic Minorities Training Packages Funded by the European Union in the framework of the EU Health Programme (2008‐2013) in the frame of a service contract with the Consumer, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency (Chafea) acting under the mandate from the European Commission. The content of this report represents the views of the Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP) and is its sole responsibility; it can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or Chafea or any other body in the European Union. The European Commission and/or Chafea do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor do they accept responsibility for any use made by third parties thereof. 1 September, 2015 MEM‐TP Module 1, Unit 2: Additional Information 1. Multiculturalism, Interculturalism, Intercultural Dialogue, Cultural Competence, Intercultural Competence, Difference Sensitivity and Diversity Sensitivity: Concepts A broad theoretical discussion1,2,3,4,5 related to “multiculturalism” and “interculturalism” is ongoing. Some authors6,7 conceive both concepts as differentiated. -
Menstrual Justice
Menstrual Justice Margaret E. Johnson* Menstrual injustice is the oppression of menstruators, women, girls, transgender men and boys, and nonbinary persons, simply because they * Copyright © 2019 Margaret E. Johnson. Professor of Law, Co-Director, Center on Applied Feminism, Director, Bronfein Family Law Clinic, University of Baltimore School of Law. My clinic students and I have worked with the Reproductive Justice Coalition on legislative advocacy for reproductive health care policies and free access to menstrual products for incarcerated persons since fall 2016. In 2018, two bills became law in Maryland requiring reproductive health care policies in the correctional facilities as well as free access to products. Maryland HB 787/SB629 (reproductive health care policies) and HB 797/SB 598 (menstrual products). I want to thank the Coalition members and my students who worked so hard on these important laws and are currently working on their implementation and continued reforms. I also want to thank the following persons who reviewed and provided important feedback on drafts and presentations of this Article: Professors Michele Gilman, Shanta Trivedi, Virginia Rowthorn, Nadia Sam-Agudu, MD, Audrey McFarlane, Lauren Bartlett, Carolyn Grose, Claire Donohue, Phyllis Goldfarb, Tanya Cooper, Sherley Cruz, Naomi Mann, Dr. Nadia Sam-Agudu, Marcia Zug, Courtney Cross, and Sabrina Balgamwalla. I want to thank Amy Fettig for alerting me to the breadth of this issue. I also want to thank Bridget Crawford, Marcy Karin, Laura Strausfeld, and Emily Gold Waldman for collaborating and thinking about issues relating to periods and menstruation. And I am indebted to Max Johnson-Fraidin for his insight into the various critical legal theories discussed in this Article and Maya Johnson-Fraidin for her work on menstrual justice legislative advocacy. -
Social and Religious Jewish Non- Conformity: Representations of the Anglo-Jewish Experience in the Oral Testimony Archive of the Manchester Jewish Museum
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS JEWISH NON- CONFORMITY: REPRESENTATIONS OF THE ANGLO-JEWISH EXPERIENCE IN THE ORAL TESTIMONY ARCHIVE OF THE MANCHESTER JEWISH MUSEUM A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2019 Tereza Ward School of Arts, Languages and Cultures Contents Abbreviations.............................................................................................................. 5 Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 6 Declaration .................................................................................................................. 7 Copyright Statement .................................................................................................. 8 Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................... 9 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 10 1.1. The aims of this study .................................................................................. 10 1.2. A Brief history of Manchester Jewry: ‘the community’.............................. 11 1.3. Defining key terms ...................................................................................... 17 1.3.1. Problems with definitions of community and their implications for conformity .........................................................................................................