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Mega-Containerships and Mega-Containerports in the Gulf Of

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Mega-Containerships and Mega-Containerports in the Gulf Of Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/TX-00/1833-1 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date May 1999/Revised October 1999 MEGA-CONTAINERSHIPS AND MEGA-CONTAINERPORTS IN THE GULF Second Revision May 2000 OF MEXICO: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s): 8. Performing Organization Report No. Robert Harrison, Miguel A. Figliozzi, and C. Michael Walton Research Report 1833-1 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Transportation Research The University of Texas at Austin 3208 Red River, Suite 200 11. Contract or Grant No. Austin, Texas 78705-2650 Project No. 0-1833 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Research Report: 9/1998–5/1999 Research and Technology Transfer Section/Construction Division P.O. Box 5080 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, TX 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Research performed in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration 16. Abstract Container shipping plays a key role in international transshipments and is currently the system of choice for most global shippers handling non-bulk commodities. In the competitive maritime industry, steamship companies are looking for ways in which further economies can be achieved. One of the areas examined has been the maritime portion of the trip, wherein ship economies of scale can be obtained through the use of larger vessels. During the 1990s, technical constraints associated with very large or mega-containership designs were overcome, and the operation of such vessels (in the range of 4,500 to 7,000 TEUs) offered the promise of lower container shipment costs over the densest trade routes. This report represents the findings of a literature review largely undertaken during the period from August 1998 to June 1999. The report includes chapters on international trade and maritime economics, maritime industry, containerization, mega-containerships, and mega-containerport infrastructure, and concludes with recommendations concerning the deliverables required for Research Project 0-1833. An annotated bibliography containing material used in the report is given in the Appendix. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Containers, international trade, Gulf of Mexico, mega- No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the containerships, containerports, mega-containerports National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. 19. Security Classif. (of report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 130 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized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repared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. (-7'0%-1)67 The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration or the Texas Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. There was no invention or discovery conceived or first actually reduced to practice in the course of or under this contract, including any art, method, process, machine, manufacture, design or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, or any variety of plant, which is or may be patentable under the patent laws of the United States of America or any foreign country. 238-28)2()(*36'327869'8-32&-((-2+364)61-8496437)7 '1MGLEIP;EPXSR4) 6IWIEVGL 7YTIVZMWSV %'/23;0)(+1)287 8LIVIWIEVGLWYTIVZMWSV[MWLIWXSVIGSKRM^IXLIGSRXVMFYXMSRWQEHIXSXLMWVITSVXF] TEVXMGMTERXWMRXLIJEPPWIQIWXIVKVEHYEXIGSYVWIl-RXIVQSHEP8VERWTSVXEXMSR7]WXIQWz ') 8LIMV GSRXVMFYXMSR [EW XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ XLI GPEWW VITSVX l(IWMKR +YMHIPMRIW 1IKEWLMT *EGMPMX]z 8LI WXYHIRXW JSGYWIH SR XLI IZSPZMRK WXVEXIKMIW XIGLRMUYIW ERH XIGLRSPSK]SJEGGSQQSHEXMRKXLII\TERHMRKKPSFEPXVEHIKVS[MRKHIQERHWSJMRXIVQSHEP GSRXEMRIV QSZIQIRXW ERH XLI XVIRHW XS[EVH PEVKIV GETEGMX] GSRXEMRIVWLMTW 8LI KVEHYEXI WXYHIRXW MR XLI XVERWTSVXEXMSR TVSKVEQ GSRXVMFYXMRK XS XLMW VITSVX MRGPYHI /VMWXMR &IPJMIPH 7EQ &IPJMIPH >IMRE )P2E^IV &IGO] ,SFWSR 7GSXX .EQIW /EXWYLMOS 2EOEQYVE (EZMH 3V]ERH+PIRR7XERHMJIV8LI[SVOYRHIVXEOIRJSVQIHEFEWMWJSV'LETXIVWERH &IGO],SFWSRGSRXMRYIHXSQEOIQSHMJMGEXMSRWXSXLIGPEWWHSGYQIRXFIJSVIXYVRMRK XLIIJJSVXSZIVXSWXYH]MRZIWXMKEXSVW*YVXLIVI\TERWMSRERHVIJMRIQIRXWXSXLIVITSVX[IVI QEHI F] 6SFIVX ,EVVMWSR 7IRMSV 6IWIEVGL 7GMIRXMWX ERH 1MKYIP *MKPMS^^M 6IWIEVGL )RKMRIIV%WWSGMEXI--EWWYTTSVXIHF]1MGLEIP&SQFE0&.7GLSSPKVEHYEXIWXYHIRXMRXIVR %PWSWMKRMJMGERXXSXLIEGGSQTPMWLQIRXSJXLMWTVSHYGXLEWFIIRXLIMRZSPZIQIRXERH HMVIGXMSRSJXLI8I\EW(ITEVXQIRXSJ8VERWTSVXEXMSR 8\(38 TVSNIGX WXIIVMRK GSQQMXXII [LMGL MRGPYHIW TVSNIGX HMVIGXSV .MQ 4EZSRI *-2 ERH TVSNIGX QSRMXSVMRK GSQQMXXII QIQFIVW .MQ 6ERHEPP 113 /IPP] /MVOPERH 113 6EYP 'ERXY 844 'LVMW 3PEZWSR ,39 ERH'EVSP2M\SR ,39 4EVXMGYPEVXLEROWEVIHYIXS.MQ4EZSRIJSVLMWGEVIJYPERH GSRWXVYGXMZIIHMXMRKSJXLIJMVWXERHWIGSRHHVEJXWSJXLMWVITSVX '1MGLEIP;EPXSR6IWIEVGL7YTIVZMWSV Z ZM 8%&0)3*'328)287 0-783**-+96)7 M\ 0-783*8%&0)7 M\ ',%48)6-2863(9'8-32838,)6)7)%6',463.)'8 &%'/+6392( ',%48)6-28)62%8-32%086%()%2(1%6-8-1))'3231-'7 ;360(86%() '378)0)1)2873*'328%-2)67,-47 4368:)77)0-28)6*%') %:)6%+)'3787*3603%(')28)67%2('32:)28-32%043687 '3286-&98-323*)'3231-'7838,-7463.)'8 ',%48)61%6-8-1)-2(9786= -2863(9'8-32 ()6)+90%8-32 '966)28(=2%1-'7-28,)1%6-8-1)-2(9786= ',%48)6'328%-2)6->%8-32 ():)0341)283*'328%-2)67,-47 '966)2878%2(-2+3*'328%-2)67,-47 '328%-2)6()1%2( *%'8367%**)'8-2+()1%2( ',%48)61)+%'328%-2)67,-47 -2863(9'8-32 1)+%'328%-2)67,-4(-1)27-327 '966)281)+%'328%-2)67,-4'%4%'-8=%2(6398)73* ()403=1)28 *9896)+63;8, 1)+%'328%-2)67,-4-14%'87%2('32786%-287 ',%48)61)+%'328%-2)67,-4-14%'87324368 -2*6%7869'896) -2863(9'8-32 '328%-2)64368-2*6%7869'896) 7911%6= ',%48)67911%6=%2(6)'311)2(%8-327 ;360(86%()%2('3113(-8=6398)()27-8-)7 436840%22-2+ ',%22)0',%6%'8)6-78-'7 '328%-2)6436834)6%8-327 +03&%003+-78-'7 -140-'%8-327*366)7)%6',463.)'86)43687 ZMM 6)*)6)2')7 %44)2(-<%%2238%8)(&-&0-3+6%4,= ZMMM 0-783**-+96)7 *-+96) ,=438,)8-'%0%:)6%+)'378'96:)7*36'32:)28-32%0 %2(1)+%'328%-2)67,-443687 *-+96) -2(9786='32')286%8-323*7,-44-2+0-2)7 *-+96) 2368,%1)6-'%2'3%78%04368+%8);%=71%6/)87,%6) *36-28)62%8-32%003%()('328%-2)686%**-' *-+96) '328%-2)613:)1)288,639+,%4368 *-+96) 1)+%'328%-2)67,-48)61-2%04)%/-2+',%6%'8)6-78-'7 *-+96) 8,)*36)'%78-2+463')(96) *-+96) 8,)436840%22-2+7)59)2') *-+96)+)2)6-'',%22)0()7-+2463')77 0-783*8%&0)7 8%&0) /)=463:-7-3273*8,)376% 8%&0) 7,6-2/-2+8%'%1)1&)67,-4 8%&0) %7)0)'8-323*7,-44-2+0-2)%00-%2')7 8%&0) '328%-2)67,-4):3098-32 8%&0) 2);'328%-2)67,-473236()6-2 8%&0)6)+-32%0*36)'%7873*97'328%-2)686%() 8%&0) +90*'328%-2)686%**-'&=7,%6)3*;360( 1%6/)8r 8%&0) '%4%'-8=98-0->%8-32&=86%()0%2) 8%&0) 8=4-'%0(6%*87%2(1-2-191',%22)0()48,7*360%6+) '328%-2)67,-47 8%&0) %7)0)'8-323*7,-44-2+0-2)1)+%'328%-2)67,-4 ()403=1)287-2 8%&0)731)*9896)1)+%'328%-2)67,-440%27 8%&0) ;%8)6()48,%2(8,639+,498%80%28-'43687 2368,)62 8%&0) ;%8)6()48,%2(8,639+,498%80%28-'43687 7398,)62 8%&0);%8)6()48,%2(8,639+,4984%'-*-'43687 M\ 8%&0) ;%8)6()48,%2(8,639+,498+90*43687 8%&0) )<%140)73*'6%2)94+6%()7%8:%6-39743683*032+ &)%',*%'-0-8-)7r 8%&0) %7)0)'8-323*1%<-191'6%2)(-1)27-327-2 8%&0) ;360(+%286='328%-2)6'6%2)*0))8)<-78-2+%2(32 36()6r 8%&0) ;360(*0))83*34)6%8-32%0%2(36()6)(59%=7-() +%286='328%-2)6'6%2)7r 8%&0) 8=4-'%0;360(8,639+,4987 8%&0) 0%2(7-()%'')77-14)(-1)2873*97'328%-2)643687 8%&0) ):%09%8-323*7)0)'8)(974368-2*6%7869'896) 8%&0) 463')(96)*364368463.)'840%22-2+ \ CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH PROJECT BACKGROUND The decade of the 1990s was characterized by substantial growth in U.S. and world trade. To a large degree, such trade growth has been a response to a general stimulation of international trade reflected in the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995 and in the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1993. Worldwide initiatives to reduce tariffs and other restrictive practices, along with efforts to stabilize currency policies, have resulted in the expansion of world trade to the benefit of U.S.
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  • Comparing Structural Casualties of the Ro-Ro Vessel Using Straight and Oblique Collision Incidents on the Car Deck
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  • Shipping Made in Hamburg
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