Namibia & Botswana Detailed Itinerary
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The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia's Colonization Process
The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia’s Colonization Process By: Jonathan Baker Honors Capstone Through Professor Taylor Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa Baker, 2 Table of Contents I. Authors Note II. Introduction III. Pre-Colonization IV. Colonization by Germany V. Colonization by South Africa VI. The Struggle for Independence VII. The Decolonization Process VIII. Political Changes- A Reaction to Colonization IX. Immediate Economic Changes Brought on by Independence X. Long Term Political Effects (of Colonization) XI. Long Term Cultural Effects XII. Long Term Economic Effects XIII. Prospects for the Future XIV. Conclusion XV. Bibliography XVI. Appendices Baker, 3 I. Author’s Note I learned such a great deal from this entire honors capstone project, that all the knowledge I have acquired can hardly be covered by what I wrote in these 50 pages. I learned so much more that I was not able to share both about Namibia and myself. I can now claim that I am knowledgeable about nearly all areas of Namibian history and life. I certainly am no expert, but after all of this research I can certainly consider myself reliable. I have never had such an extensive knowledge before of one academic area as a result of a school project. I also learned a lot about myself through this project. I learned how I can motivate myself to work, and I learned how I perform when I have to organize such a long and complicated paper, just to name a couple of things. The strange inability to be able to include everything I learned from doing this project is the reason for some of the more random appendices at the end, as I have a passion for both numbers and trivia. -
Angolan Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis Ssp
Angolan Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis ssp. angolensis) Appendix 1: Historical and recent geographic range and population of Angolan Giraffe G. c. angolensis Geographic Range ANGOLA Historical range in Angola Giraffe formerly occurred in the mopane and acacia savannas of southern Angola (East 1999). According to Crawford-Cabral and Verissimo (2005), the historic distribution of the species presented a discontinuous range with two, reputedly separated, populations. The western-most population extended from the upper course of the Curoca River through Otchinjau to the banks of the Kunene (synonymous Cunene) River, and through Cuamato and the Mupa area further north (Crawford-Cabral and Verissimo 2005, Dagg 1962). The intention of protecting this western population of G. c. angolensis, led to the proclamation of Mupa National Park (Crawford-Cabral and Verissimo 2005, P. Vaz Pinto pers. comm.). The eastern population occurred between the Cuito and Cuando Rivers, with larger numbers of records from the southeast corner of the former Mucusso Game Reserve (Crawford-Cabral and Verissimo 2005, Dagg 1962). By the late 1990s Giraffe were assumed to be extinct in Angola (East 1999). According to Kuedikuenda and Xavier (2009), a small population of Angolan Giraffe may still occur in Mupa National Park; however, no census data exist to substantiate this claim. As the Park was ravaged by poachers and refugees, it was generally accepted that Giraffe were locally extinct until recent re-introductions into southern Angola from Namibia (Kissama Foundation 2015, East 1999, P. Vaz Pinto pers. comm.). BOTSWANA Current range in Botswana Recent genetic analyses have revealed that the population of Giraffe in the Central Kalahari and Khutse Game Reserves in central Botswana is from the subspecies G. -
8 Day Accomodated Safari -Journey Through Botswana
"JOURNEY THROUGH BOTSWANA” is an 8-Day fully accommodated "moBile" Safari that takes in all that ChoBe National Park, Khwai Private Reserve, Moremi Game Reserve and the Okavango Delta offers-from the outset exploring ChoBe River to the remarkaBle Game viewing... the 7 nights spent utilizing different lodges & luxury camps Based in this unique wilderness that Botswana showcases',will leave indeliBle memories of spectacular wildlife and evenings spent around a campfire under Billions of stars. This 8 Day accomodated safari overnights at permanent camps-offering something for guests who do not particularly want to "camp", But who like the idea of a moBile safari that offers an outstanding level of private guiding throughout. This safari can start in Maun and end in Kasane as well.... "JOURNEY THROUGH BOTSWANA" 8 DAY FULLY ACCOMODATED SAFARI from $4995pp RACK TOUR CODE :WDJB DEPARTURE POINT IS KASANE AIRPORT OR KAZUNGULA BORDER ON THE SOUTHBOUND TRIP AND MAUN AIRPORT ON THE NORTHBOUND TRIP. GUESTS NEED TO BE AT THE MEETING POINTS BY 12H30 on day 1, unlEss comIng off IntErnatIonal flIghts whIch gEnErally land at about 13h00. Day 01 CHOBE RIVER ChobE rIvEr In thE northEast sErvEs as thE prImary watEr sourcE for thE IanImals and draws many watEr- lovIng bIrd spEcIEs...hIppos, crocodIlE Impala, sablE, lEchwE, gIraffE, zEbra, baboons, bushbuck, monkEys and puku antElopE. ThIs ExclusIvE boat cruIsE takEs placE In thE Early aftEroon. ChobE NatIonal Park Is thE sEcond largEst NatIonal Park In Botswana.WIth swEEpIng vIEws ovEr thE ChobE RIvEr, JackalbErry ChobE's stunnIng publIc arEas arE thE pErfEct sEttIng to rElax and unwInd .TakE to thE watErs of thE ChobE RIvEr on a 3-hour sunsEt cruIsE In pontoon boats. -
Implementation of a Comprehensive HIV Prevention Intervention for Men Who Have Sex with Men in Malawi: Assessment of Feasibility and Impact
IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTION FOR MEN WHO HAVE SEX wiTH MEN IN MALAwi: ASSESSMENT OF FEASIBILITY AND IMPACT IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTION FOR MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN IN MALAWI: ASSESSMENT OF FEASIBILITY AND IMPACT October 2013 Authors: Andrea L. Wirtz, Gift Trapence, Vincent Jumbe, Dunker Kamba, Eric Umar, Sosthenes Ketende, Mark Berry, Susanne Stromdahl, Chris Beyrer, Stefan Baral Recommended citation: Wirtz AL, Trapence G, Jumbe V, Kamba D, Umar E, Ketende S, Berry M, Stromdahl S, Beyrer C, and Baral S. Implementation of a comprehensive HIV Prevention Intervention for men who have sex with men in Malawi: assessment of feasibility and impact. November 2013. Baltimore: USAID | Project Search: Research to Prevention. The USAID | Project SEARCH, Task Order No.2, is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00032-00, beginning September 30, 2008, and supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The Research to Prevention (R2P) Project is led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health and managed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs (CCP). Implementation of a Comprehensive HIV Prevention Intervention for MSM in Malawi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many individuals played an important role in the design, conduct, and analysis of this research. Their contributions are all gratefully acknowledged. We would especially like to thank all the participants who so generously shared their stories with us. The study was implemented by USAID | Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2: Research to Prevention (R2P). R2P is based at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. -
One of Five West Coast, Low-Latitude Deserts of the World, the Namib Extends Along the Entire Namibian Coastline in an 80-120 Km Wide Belt
N A M I B I A G 3 E 0 O 9 1 L - O Y G E I V C R A U S L NAMIB DESERT Source: Roadside Geology of Namibia One of five west coast, low-latitude deserts of the world, the Namib extends along the entire Namibian coastline in an 80-120 km wide belt. Its extreme aridity is the result of the cold, upwelling Benguela Current, which flows up the west coast of Africa as far as Angola, and because of its low temperatures induces very little evaporation and rainfall (<50 mm per year). It does, however, create an up to 50 km wide coastal fog belt providing sufficient moisture for the development of a specialist flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to the Namib. In addition, the lagoons at Walvis Bay and Sandwich Harbour are designated wetlands of international importance, because of their unique setting and rich birdlife, including flamingo, white pelican and Damara tern. Larger mammals like the famed desert elephant, black rhino, lion, cheetah and giraffe can be found along the northern rivers traversing the Skeleton Coast National Park. Geomorphologically, the Namib includes a variety of landscapes, including classic sand dunes, extensive gravel plains, locally with gypcrete and calcrete duricrusts, elongated salt pans, ephemeral watercourses forming linear oases, inselbergs and low mountain ranges. Along the coast, wind-swept sandy beaches alternate with rocky stretches, in places carved into striking rock formations (e.g. Bogenfels Arch). Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013, the “Namib Sand Sea“ between Lüderitz and the Kuiseb River encompasses such well-known landmarks as Sossusvlei and Sandwich Harbour, while the fabled Skeleton Coast north of the Ugab River is notorious for its numerous ship wrecks. -
Discover Namibia and the Cheetah Conservation Fund Led by Ann Burke, CCF Indiana Chapter Founding Member & Immediate Past President July 5 – 21, 2022
NAMIBIA CHEETAH; ALL PHOTOS BY ANN BURKE DISCOVER NAMIBIA AND THE CHEETAH CONSERVATION FUND Led by Ann Burke, CCF Indiana Chapter Founding Member & Immediate Past President July 5 – 21, 2022 The cheetah is the world’s fastest land animal—and PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS Africa’s most endangered cat. On this 17-day expedition, • Visit Windhoek, the capital of Namibia, where you will learn about the Cheetah Conservation Fund’s efforts to be introduced to the culture and crafts of Namibia. protect these incredible creatures through initiatives in • Learn about the Namib Desert and its unique wildlife. habitat preservation, research, and education. Join Ann Visit Sossusvlei, Sesriem Canyon, and Swakopmund, Burke as she makes her fourth trip to Africa and her exploring dunes and the Atlantic coastline on foot and on a Sandwich Harbour 4x4 day adventure. third supporting the Cheetah Conservation Fund. She • View rock engravings at Twyfelfontein, a World is thrilled to be able to share the beautiful conservation- Heritage Site. While there, also visit The Living Museum minded country of Namibia and the inspirational work of the Damara and search for desert elephants. of CCF with her fellow travelers. Along the way, explore • Explore Etosha National Park and observe wildlife the country’s natural and historical highlights, from during daytime safaris and at night at a lighted waterhole. towering red dunes and fascinating geological formations • Learn about the holistic conservation efforts of the to game drives in Etosha National Park where you may Cheetah Conservation Fund and spend time with spot the “Big Five” and other iconic wildlife. cheetahs on site. -
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Tourism
Republic of Namibia Ministry of Environment & Tourism STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR FOR THE GREATER SOSSUSVLEI – NAMIB LANDSCAPE 2014 Strategic Environmental Assessment (Sea) Of The Tourism Sector For 2 GREATER SOSSUSVLEI – NAMIB LANDSCAPE Republic of Namibia Ministry of Environment & Tourism STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR FOR THE GREATER SOSSUSVLEI – NAMIB LANDSCAPE 2014 ASSESMENT DONE BY: Southern African Institute for Environmental Assessment P O Box 6322, Windhoek, Namibia 31 March 2014 COVER PHOTO BY: Namibia Protected Landscape Conservation Areas Initiative (NAM-PLACE) The Namibia Protected Landscape Conservation Areas Initiative (NAM-PLACE) is a five year project established by The Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET), with co-financing from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as the Implementing Agency. Strategic Environmental Assessment (Sea) Of The Tourism Sector For GREATER SOSSUSVLEI – NAMIB LANDSCAPE 3 Strategic Environmental Assessment (Sea) Of The Tourism Sector For 4 GREATER SOSSUSVLEI – NAMIB LANDSCAPE CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 10 1.1 Introduction 10 CHAPTER 2 VISION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE WINDHOEK GREEN-BELT LANDSCAPE 11 2.1 The Vision of the Windhoek Green Belt Landscape 11 2.2 Alignment of the Windhoek Green Belt Landscape ... International Policy Framework 11 2.3 The Objectives of the Strategic Environmental Assessment 13 2.4 The Terms of Reference for the -
Self Drive Safari Planning Guide
SELF-DRIVE SAFARI PLANNING GUIDE bushlore.com So you are planning a self drive-safari in Africa? It is the perfect holiday option for travellers that enjoy freedom and flexibility! A self-drive safari in Southern Africa is one of the most popular travel options for visitors planning to explore Africa. But you need to plan every aspect carefully. This guide is here to help you make the right decisions. Let’s start planning! 1. HOW MANY IN YOUR GROUP? The number of people traveling together influences quite a few aspects of your trip. You should choose the 4x4 vehicle based on your group size, as well as the accommodation and campsites where you plan to stay along the way. TWO FOUR FAMILY MORE+ + bushlore.com PLAN YOUR SAFARI TO SUIT YOUR GROUP SIZE 4x4 Rental vehicles are set up according to the number of people travelling. But it also depends on your specific requirements. A family will have a different setup to a couple. It also influences the places you plan to visit. A large group will require more space for the vehicles, and a group of four using two vehicles can possibly make use of one site in some camps. If there are special requests, you need to take that into consideration. You might want to make use of a ground tent as some of your travel partners do not want to sleep in a rooftop tent. If two intrepid friends travel together, they might want to each have their own tent. This is where expert advice comes into play. -
Sanctuary Chief's Camp
CHIEF’S CAMP SANCTUARY CHIEF’S CAMP BOTSWANA The ultimate luxury safari experience SANCTUARY CHIEF’S CAMP Welcome to the former royal hunting reserve of Chief Moremi, in the heart of the Okavango Delta. Wildlife and wilderness are as abundant as action and adrenaline and refinement and relaxation at this remarkable remodelled luxury camp. Personal service, an extraordinary setting, exceptional viewing and enthusiastic expert guides are the hallmarks of a Sanctuary Retreats experience – here at Sanctuary Chief’s Camp we promise a unique attention to detail and strong environmental and philanthropic credentials to ensure the ultimate luxury safari experience. Intimate and exclusive, Sanctuary Retreats properties are always set in outstanding natural landscapes. Here in this game reserve, thanks to soul-stirring perspectives from the private pavilions, the lounge deck and your dinner tables, you won’t ever miss the thrill of a viewing. As well as ensuring a distinct sense of Botswanan place, every encounter and activity feels authentic, thanks to the camp having been reimagined in keeping with local traditions and cultures – which is how we believe responsible tourism should be. Sanctuary Chief’s Camp’s sophisticated accommodation with natural hues and materials that complement the charismatic scenery and the first-class dining and wines, regularly earns rankings among the world’s top safari destinations from arbiters such as Condé Nast Traveler and Travel & Leisure. AT A GLANCE • Simple contemporary design, • Award-winning dining stylish interiors • Commitment to sustainability and • Unrivalled views, on safari and philanthropic projects from camp • Rich in references to the Camp’s history • Personalised, intuitive service and royal heritage • Expert guides, insider knowledge Bathroom with a view LUXURIOUS PAVILIONS Spacious and breezy, at 460 ft2 (140m2) the 10 stylish bush pavilions are some of the region’s largest places to spend the night. -
African Dialects
African Dialects • Adangme (Ghana ) • Afrikaans (Southern Africa ) • Akan: Asante (Ashanti) dialect (Ghana ) • Akan: Fante dialect (Ghana ) • Akan: Twi (Akwapem) dialect (Ghana ) • Amharic (Amarigna; Amarinya) (Ethiopia ) • Awing (Cameroon ) • Bakuba (Busoong, Kuba, Bushong) (Congo ) • Bambara (Mali; Senegal; Burkina ) • Bamoun (Cameroons ) • Bargu (Bariba) (Benin; Nigeria; Togo ) • Bassa (Gbasa) (Liberia ) • ici-Bemba (Wemba) (Congo; Zambia ) • Berba (Benin ) • Bihari: Mauritian Bhojpuri dialect - Latin Script (Mauritius ) • Bobo (Bwamou) (Burkina ) • Bulu (Boulou) (Cameroons ) • Chirpon-Lete-Anum (Cherepong; Guan) (Ghana ) • Ciokwe (Chokwe) (Angola; Congo ) • Creole, Indian Ocean: Mauritian dialect (Mauritius ) • Creole, Indian Ocean: Seychelles dialect (Kreol) (Seychelles ) • Dagbani (Dagbane; Dagomba) (Ghana; Togo ) • Diola (Jola) (Upper West Africa ) • Diola (Jola): Fogny (Jóola Fóoñi) dialect (The Gambia; Guinea; Senegal ) • Duala (Douala) (Cameroons ) • Dyula (Jula) (Burkina ) • Efik (Nigeria ) • Ekoi: Ejagham dialect (Cameroons; Nigeria ) • Ewe (Benin; Ghana; Togo ) • Ewe: Ge (Mina) dialect (Benin; Togo ) • Ewe: Watyi (Ouatchi, Waci) dialect (Benin; Togo ) • Ewondo (Cameroons ) • Fang (Equitorial Guinea ) • Fõ (Fon; Dahoméen) (Benin ) • Frafra (Ghana ) • Ful (Fula; Fulani; Fulfulde; Peul; Toucouleur) (West Africa ) • Ful: Torado dialect (Senegal ) • Gã: Accra dialect (Ghana; Togo ) • Gambai (Ngambai; Ngambaye) (Chad ) • olu-Ganda (Luganda) (Uganda ) • Gbaya (Baya) (Central African Republic; Cameroons; Congo ) • Gben (Ben) (Togo -
The International Response to Conflict and Genocide:Lessom from the Rwanda Experience
The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience March 1996 Published by: Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda Editor: David Millwood Cover illustrations: Kiure F. Msangi Graphic design: Designgrafik, Copenhagen Prepress: Dansk Klich‚, Copenhagen Printing: Strandberg Grafisk, Odense ISBN: 87-7265-335-3 (Synthesis Report) ISBN: 87-7265-331-0 (1. Historical Perspective: Some Explanatory Factors) ISBN: 87-7265-332-9 (2. Early Warning and Conflict Management) ISBN: 87-7265-333-7 (3. Humanitarian Aid and Effects) ISBN: 87-7265-334-5 (4. Rebuilding Post-War Rwanda) This publication may be reproduced for free distribution and may be quoted provided the source - Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda - is mentioned. The report is printed on G-print Matt, a wood-free, medium-coated paper. G-print is manufactured without the use of chlorine and marked with the Nordic Swan, licence-no. 304 022. 2 The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience Study 2 Early Warning and Conflict Management by Howard Adelman York University Toronto, Canada Astri Suhrke Chr. Michelsen Institute Bergen, Norway with contributions by Bruce Jones London School of Economics, U.K. Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda 3 Contents Preface 5 Executive Summary 8 Acknowledgements 11 Introduction 12 Chapter 1: The Festering Refugee Problem 17 Chapter 2: Civil War, Civil Violence and International Response 20 (1 October 1990 - 4 August -
Central African Republic Giraffe Conservation Status Report February 2020
Country Profile Central African Republic Giraffe Conservation Status Report February 2020 General statistics Size of country: 622,984 km² Size of protected areas / percentage protected area coverage: 13% Species and subspecies In 2016 the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) completed the first detailed assessment of the conservation status of giraffe, revealing that their numbers are in peril. This was further emphasised when the majority of the IUCN recognised subspecies where assessed in 2018 – some as Critically Endangered. While this update further confirms the real threat to one of Africa’s most charismatic megafauna, it also highlights a rather confusing aspect of giraffe conservation: how many species/subspecies of giraffe are there? The IUCN currently recognises one species (Giraffa camelopardalis) and nine subspecies of giraffe (Muller et al. 2016) historically based on outdated assessments of their morphological features and geographic ranges. The subspecies are thus divided: Angolan giraffe (G. c. angolensis), Kordofan giraffe (G. c. antiquorum), Masai giraffe (G. c. tippleskirchi), Nubian giraffe (G. c. camelopardalis), reticulated giraffe (G. c. reticulata), Rothschild’s giraffe (G. c. rothschildi), South African giraffe (G. c. giraffa), Thornicroft’s giraffe (G. c. thornicrofti) and West African giraffe (G. c. peralta). However, over the past decade GCF together with their partner Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) have performed the first-ever comprehensive DNA sampling and analysis (genomic, nuclear and mitochondrial) from all major natural populations of giraffe throughout their range in Africa. As a result, an update to the traditional taxonomy now exists. This study revealed that there are four distinct species of giraffe and likely five subspecies (Fennessy et al.