GC-MS Analysis of Cadaba Trifoliata Roxb Leaf Extract. Traditional Valuable Plant
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African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 3 (1): 06-08, 2011 ISSN 2079-2034 © IDOSI Publications, 2011 GC-MS Analysis of Cadaba trifoliata Roxb Leaf Extract. Traditional Valuable Plant P. Velmurugan and M. Kamaraj PG and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the phytochemical analysis of alcoholic leaf extract of Cadaba trifoliata. The phytochemical constituents by qualitative and GC-MS method. Preliminary studies showed the presence of Tannins, Steroids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids and Phenolic compounds. In the GC-MS analysis, 19 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the alcoholic extract. The identification of phytochemical compounds in very high peak area (1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, Mono (2- ethythexyl), ester (C16 H 22 O 4 ) with RT 26.47 has peak area 43.52% and 1-Methyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (C6 H 11 NO 2 ) with RT 8.18 has peak area 32.63. The main important compounds phytol (C20 H 40 O) with RT 19.91 ranks with peak area 1.15%. Key words: Cadaba trifoliata Phytochemicals constituents Alcoholic leaf extracts INTRODUCTION population appears to be in the midst of an epidemic of diabetes. Reports from the World Health Organisation In the plant kingdom, there are thousands of plants (WHO) indicate that diabetes mellitus is one of the major known and unknown that yield medicine or drugs use to killers of our time, with people in Southeast Asia and man. These plants are known as medicinal or drug plants, Western Pacific being most at risk [6]. The reported to which are the chemical gold mines existing in the posses Stachydrine, 3-hydroxystashydrine from the stem, ecosystems to get the disease of men and animals cured roots and codabine from leaves [7 and 8]. There is no in the natural way [1]. Plants are the traditional sources for report of chemical constituents isolated from this plant. many chemicals used as pharmaceutical biochemicals, The objective of this study was to evaluate the fragrances, food colours and flavours [2]. Medicinal phytochemical compounds (quantitative method) using plants are at great interest to the researcher in the field of GC-MS analysis. biotechnology, as most of the drug industries depend in part on plants for the production of pharmaceutical MATERIALS AND METHODS compounds. Cadaba trifoliata (Capparaceae) is a traditionally Collection of Plant Material: The plant of Cadaba valuable plant. This family of flowering plants containing trifoliata (leaves) was collected from Periyamalai hills, 28 genera and about 700 species of annual or perennial near the Thuvarankurichi range in Tiruchirappalli Forest herbs, sub-shrubs, shrubs or trees. The plant is an Division in Tamil Nadu. unarmed branched shrup up to 3 m height. Leaves are palmately trifoliata and the leaflets are oblong or Preparation of Plant Extract: The leaves of Cadaba lanceolate [3]. It is locally called as Purna and Viluthi (in trifoliata was shade dried at room temperature, the leaves Tamil) and possesses anti-rheumatic, emmenagiague, crushed powdered 10 gram sample is extracted with 30 ml anthelemintic and antibacterial properties [4 and 5]. ethanol overnight and filtered in ash less filter paper with Phytochemical analysis of the alcoholic extract sodium sulphate (2 g) and concentrated the extract to 1 ml indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, glycoside, of bubbling nitrogen into the solution. The extracted steroids and flavonoids. Therefore, the global human material is taken for GC-MS analysis. Corresponding Author: P. Velmurugan, PG and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: [email protected]. 6 African J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 3 (1): 06-08, 2011 Screening of Phytochemical Components: Phytochemical The GC column is heated in the oven between 60° to components were analysed qualitative analysis as per [9] 270°C. The time at which each component eluted from the method in order to partially identify the components that GC column in termed as Retention Time (RT). The total GC may be present in the corresponding extract. running time at 36 min. The eluted component is detected in the mass detector. The spectrum of the unknown GC-MS Analysis: The GC-MS analysis of the C. trifoliata component is compared with the spectrum of the known was performed using a Clarus 500 Perkin Elmer gas components stored in the NIST library and ascertains the chromatography equipped with a Elite-5 capillary column name, molecular weight and structure of the components (5% Phenyl and 95% methyl polysaccharides siloxane) of the test materials in GC-MS study. Identification of and mass detector turbomass gold of the company which components was based on comparison of their mass was operated in EI mode. Elite wax (Polyethylene glycol) spectra with those of Wiley and NIST Libraries and those 30 nm × 0.25 mm × 1 µm df) is a polar column used in the described by [10] as well as on comparison of their estimation. retention indices with literature. An inert gas such as Hydrogen or nitrogen or Helium is used as a carrier gas at a flow rate 1 ml / min, split 10:1. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The components of test sample is evaporated in the injection part of the GC equipment and segregated in the The present study carried out on the C. trifoliata the column by adsorption and desorption technique with presence of medicinal active constituents. Phytochemical suitable temperature programmes of the over controlled Screening of the ethanolic extract indicated the presence by software. Different components are eluted form based of alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, steroids and flavonoids. on the boiling point of the individual components. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract revealed Table 1: Qualitative Analysis of Phytochemical Components Solvent extracts ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S. ¹ Phytochemical Constituents Ethanol Aqueous 1. Tannins + + 2. Alkaloids + – 3. Glycosides + + 4. Phenolic Compounds – + 5. Steroids + + 6. Flavonoids + – ‘+’ Referred to presence. ‘–‘ Referred to absence Table 2: Phyto components identified from the leaf of Cadaba trifoliata S. ¹ RT Name of the Compound Molecular Formula MW Peak Area % 1. 5.02 Propane, 1,1,3-triethoxy CHO9203 176 0.31 2. 5.68 dl-Stachydrine C7 H 13 NO 2 143 0.54 3. 8.18 1-Methyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C6 H 11 NO 2 129 32.63 4. 14.09 Azulene, 1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl) CH15 18 198 2.44 5. 15.18 Benzene, (1-methylundecyl) CH18 30 246 0.20 6. 15.62 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol CHO20 40 296 0.63 7. 15.77 Benzene, (1-propyldecyl) CH19 32 260 0.28 8. 15.90 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester CHO16 22 4 278 0.37 9. 16.16 Benzene, (1-ethylundecyl) CH19 32 260 0.45 10. 16.75 Benzene, (1-methyldodecyl) CH19 32 260 1.86 11. 17.50 n-Hexadeconoic acid CHO16 32 2 256 3.88 12. 17.83 Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester CHO18 36 2 284 0.51 13. 18.36 Benzene, (1-methyltridecyl) CH20 34 274 0.27 14. 19.91 Phytol CHO20 40 296 1.15 15. 20.33 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z,Z) CHO18 30 2 278 3.81 16. 24.57 Phenol, 2,4-bis(1-phenylethyl) CHO22 22 302 1.76 17. 24.77 Methanone, [1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-2-azulenyl]phenyl C22 H 22 O 302 1.86 18. 25.81 Methanone, [2,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)azulenyl]phenyl CHO22 22 302 3.51 19. 26.47 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester CHO16 22 4 278 43.52 7 African J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 3 (1): 06-08, 2011 the presence of glycosides, phenolic compounds, tannins REFERENCES and steroids. The qualitatively analysed and the results are presented in Table 1. In the GC-MS analysis, 19 1. Jain, S.K., 1979. Medicinal plants. National Book bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the Trust, India, pp: 1. ethanolic extract in this plant. The identification of 2. Leung, A.Y., 1980. Encyclopedia common natural phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, ingredients used in food drugs and cosmetics. molecular weight and molecular formula. The identified John Wilcy, New York. high peak area (1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2- 3. Matthew, K.M., 1981. The Flora of Tamil Nadu ethytheyl) ester (C16 H 22 O 4 ) with RT 26.47 has peak area Carnatic, Tiruchirappalli. The Rapinat Herbarium, 43.52% an 1-methyl pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, pp: 36-38. (C6 H 11 NO 2 ) with RT 8.18 has peak area 32.63. 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Phytochem., 14: 292-293. 8. Yousif, G., K.M. Iskarider and E.B. Eisa, 1984. This study has revealed the presence of many Alkaloids of Cadaba farinose and Cadaba secondary metabolites in the leaves of codable rotundifolia.