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Phyto-Pharmacological Perspective of Cadaba Farinosa Forsk

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Phyto-Pharmacological Perspective of Cadaba Farinosa Forsk Original Article Phyto-Pharmacological Perspective of Cadaba farinosa forsk Umesh B.Telrandhe*, Vaibhav Uplanchiwar Department of Pharmacognosy, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar, India 470002 ABSTRACT Cadaba farinosa Forsk also known as Indian Cadaba belonging to family Capparaceae is widely distributed all over the globe Address for especially in arid area. It was used in folk medicines for the treatment Correspondence of purgative, anthelmintic, antisyphilitic, emmenagogue, aperients, as a stimulant, antiscorbutic, antiphlogistic and established its potency Asst. Professor, against liver damage, cancer and oxidation in body. Several chemical Department of constituents like Cadabicine, Cadabicine methyl ether, Cadabicine diacetate, α, β-Dihydroferulic acid, capparisine,cadibicilone, Pharmacognosy, aromatic acid and kamphefrol are present in abundant amount in Adina Institute of plant. Along with, it is wealthy in mineral and amino acid which are Pharmaceutical valuable for human and essentially for cattle’s. But, its Sciences pharmacological potentials such as purgative, anthelmintic, Sagar, (M.P.) India- antisyphilitic, emmenagogue, aperients, stimulant, antiscorbutic, 470002. antiphlogisticare not yet explored. Thus, present review explores the E-mail: traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activity, umed_057@ toxicity and mineral analysis. yahoo.co.in Keywords : Cadabicine, Cadaba farinosa , Capparaceae. INTRODUCTION The use of herbs as medicine is diseases or promote health and well-being. 4 the oldest form of healthcare known to Traditional medicine are derived from humanity and has been used in all cultures medicinal plants, minerals and organic throughout history. 1 Medicinal plants are matter and they are the sum total of the back bone of folk medicine. In fact, they knowledge, skill and practices based on are the oldest friend of humans. 2 According theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to the WHO more than 80% of the world to different cultures that are used to maintain population, mostly in third world rely on health as well as prevent, diagnose, improve herbal/traditional plant based medicines for and treat physical and mental illnesses. 5 their prime healthcare needs. 3 Herbal In developed countries, modern medicines are in a wide variety of forms for medicines are prominently used. The herbal their therapeutic value. Herbal plants drugs are prepared from medicinal plants produce and contain a variety of chemical only. India is plentifully endowed with wide compounds that are used to prevent and treat variety of plant having medicinal American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics www.ajpct.org Telrandhe et al________________________________________________________________ significance. Traditionally, the use of plant preparation as sources of drug are based on English: Indian cadaba the knowledge and superstitions passed from Gujarat: Kalokattiyo, Khordu generation to generation. 6 These plants are Hindi: Kodhab, katagum, Dabi 11 widely used by all segment of society either Kannad: Chegaviche directly as folk remedies or as Malayalam: Kattagatti pharmaceutical preparation of modern Marathi: Kalitaka, Kalitakal medicine. Medicinal plants illustrate Tamil: Velivi, Viluttu enormous efficacy against acute and severe Telugu: Adamorinika, Chekarodi 12 diseases. Cadaba farinosaforsk (Capparaceae) Exoticnames also known as Indian Cadaba is widely distributed in arid area worldwide. It is full Fula: baggahi of minerals and amino acids which is Hausa: bagayi beneficial for cattle’s as well as human Somali: caanamacays, ditab, dornai, being. It is extensively used as food by qalaanqaal animal. It is notorious to world since ancient Swahili: kibilazi-mwitu, mvunja-vumo period. It is ample of pharmacological Wolof: debarka, n'debarghe actions as mentioned in ‘Ayurveda and Niger: Balamji Siddha’ – an ancient Indian system of Kenya: Kalkacha, tchen-tchen medicine but its medicinal potentials are not Senegal: Ndeybarga10 satisfactorily studied yet. Arabic: Asal, Sarah TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Kingdom: Plantae Cadaba farinosa Forsk belong to the Subkingdom: Tracheobionta family Capparidaceae (capparaceae). It is a Super division: Spermatophyta middle sized family with 45 genera and Division: Magnoliophyta nearly 600 species which are distributed Class: Magnoliopsida throughout the world, mostly in tropical and Subclass: Dilleniidae subtropical region. The capparidaceous Order: Capparales plants are usually herbs, erect or scandent, Family: Capparaceae shrubs and rarely trees. The genera cadaba is Genus: Cadaba Forsk. represented by 30 species. The genus Species: farinosa 7 derived its title from “kadhab”-an Arabic name for the cadabarotundifolia of forskl, General description of Cadaba farinose who mentions cadaba farinosa as a Plant Introduction medicinal plant. Cadaba farinosa Forskis an unarmed shrubs or trees witholder, smooth, Plant name : Cadaba farinosa, forsk 8 purplish, younger, pubescent, yellowish Synonym : Cadaba indica, Lamk. 9 brown Stems. The Leaves are entire,simple, Family : Cappariraceae(Capparidaceae). silvery gray and with simple scales. They are mucronate dull green, reticulately veined; base rounded having 12-35 by 8-12 Vernacular names mm oblong or elliptic-oblong and rarely Local Names ovate in size . The petiolesare 2.5-4 mm AJPCT1[1][2013]011-022 Telrandhe et al________________________________________________________________ long.The flowers are dirty white or whitish where there is subsoil rich in fine particles green to yellow , develop at the tips of the containing termite mounds.12 branches (terminal) on apical racemes, 15 mmacross and in few flowered, terminal at Native (other countries) one sided.The upper flowers contain Cadaba farinosa are found in corymbose racemes. The flowers are with Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of four petals which are very pale yellow, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, spathulate, equaling the sepals with long Niger, Saudi Arabia, Senegal and Somalia. claws. They are 8 -9 mm long, oblique Also tropical and Sub tropical regions of mouth, pale, rose colored, toothed at apex. Africa, Asia, Australia The Sepals are 8-13 mm long, having two outer boats shaped, valuate , ovate, acute Native (In India) petaloid, all pubescent outside. The Stamens Cadaba farinosa are found in are4 or 5 in number inserted about half way Punjab, central and western India, Gujarat, up the gynophores and having 9-18 mm konkan, Deccanarea, southwards longpedicels with pubescent- bracts minute Vizagapatam and Karnataka. subulate.The flower have long filamentous ovary- oblongon gynophores, 17- 23mm Biophysical limits long style. Shrubs or small trees of Cadaba Altitude: 0-1600 m farinosa are usually with no spines but Mean annual temperature: 29 0C branches sometimes end sharply and grow in Mean annual rainfall: 200-500 mm dry short grass savanna. Fruit are2.5 cm by 3 Soil type: Plant mainly shows its presence mm in sizewithcylindrical, irregularly in heavy soils along with rocky screeds. torulose, glabrous or pubescent containing Propagation methods : Cadaba farinosa many seeds. The Seed of plant are covered in regenerates naturally by way of seeds. a bright orange membrane strait, surrounded by orange red-aril. Wood is white, turning Reproductive Biology light yellow on ageing. 11 It is moderately Cadaba species belongs to hard and heavy (wt, 820 kg/m 3), closed and hermaphroditic category whose flowers and straight to slightly twisted grained, and even fruit appear at the end of the rainy season fine textured. It is suitable for turnery and the beginning of the dry season. 14 articles. 12 The Barkof plant contains a fiber. 13 PHARMACOGNOSTIC CHARACTERS HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION The pharmacognostic characters in the root and root bark of Cadaba farinosa Natural Habitat Forsk shows some basic cell like Cadaba farinosa is mostly parenchymatous cells of distributed throughout the word mostly cortex,collenchymas, sclerenchyma, tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is a epidermis, xylem, phloem, periderm etc. common shrub of the arid plains of Sind and Along with some cell inclusion such as Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan. They are starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, common not only in large depressions but calcium carbonates, alureon grains, scattered also found on sandy silts of valleys, around masses of scleriods and non-collapsed temporary ponds and on stabilized dunes, phloem. Prismatic crystals are also sparsely seen in the cortical cells. 15 AJPCT1[1][2013]011-022 Telrandhe et al________________________________________________________________ PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES flour are used as a medicine against coughs. The Fruit are edible. 17 Cadaba farinosa contains large number of active constituent like Alkaloids, ETHNO-MEDICINAL USES OF Cadaba Sugar, Carbohydrates, glycoside, Protein, farinose Amino acid, Flavonoid, Saponin, Tannins, Phenolic compounds, Gums, mucilage and The whole plant ispurgative, Steroids. Cadaba farinosa as many active anthelmintic, antisyphilitic, emmenagogue, phytoconstituents such as non-tannin aperients, stimulant, antiscorbutic, phenolicskaempferol 21 ,new spermidine antiphlogistic. It is also used in treatment of alkaloid Cadabicine, L-Stachydrine and 3- cough, fever, dysentery and asantidote hydroxystachydrine, 3- against poisoning. Leaves are externally hydroxystachydrine 22 , three novel used to relieve rheumatic pain and as a spermidine alkaloids one Capparisine and an
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