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3. Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Tribes EPTRI‐ENVIS Centre (Ecology of Eastern Ghats) ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY TRIBES IN EASTERN GHATS – A REVIEW ARTICLE Review of literature reveals that from ancient times the local tribes were depending on these medicinal plants for treatment of various diseases. This review article focuses on the ethnomedicinal value of Kolli hills used by various tribes in the study area. The Kolli region is surrounded by various plant resources. These plant resources are being utilized by the tribes residing in the study area in the form of food, shelter, fodder and also used for medicinal purpose to treat their ailments. The main objective of this review article is to give the information and documentation of medicinal plant used by various tribes in the study area. The ethnomedicinal information was gathered from various articles / publications of more than a decade on ethnomedicinal value. The paper highlights the rich plant resources and the vast wealth of ethnomedicinal information available with the various tribes of the region. The usage of the plant parts include, stem, leaf, flower, bud, whole plant, seed, root, etc used in the form of decoction, juice or in paste to alleviate various ailments such as cold, cough, fever, headache, body ache, tooth ache, throat infection, skin disease, diabetes, digestion, jaundice, wound healing, asthma, dysentery, edema, erysipelas, eye infection, fever, gum infection, headache, jaundice, etc. In this paper, some new and less known ethnomedicinal value for treating various ailments has been discussed. Few medicinal plants of this area are presented with their botanical name followed by family, local names, medicinal uses, journal published and the year for reference. Article 03/2015/ENVIS-Ecology of Eastern Ghats Page 1 of 35 EPTRI‐ENVIS Centre (Ecology of Eastern Ghats) Table-1: Medicinal value Sl. Botanical name Family name Local name Medicinal uses Journal Year 1 Abrus precatorius Fabaceae Kundumani Roots used to treat IJBLS (Natarajan et al) JNR ( 2011, L. poisonous bite Senthil et al.) IJRAP (kuru et 2013, al) APSR (kadirvelmurugan et 2014 al) AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) IJRES (Natarajan et al) 2 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Thuthi Leaf juice is used for IJTK (Francies et al.) APSR 2011, L. the treatment of (kadirvelmurugan et al) IJRES 2013, toothache. Roots and (Natarajan et al) 2014 leaves decoction is Article 029 (Palanisamy et al.) given for diuretic and IJBLS (Natarajan et al) stimulate purgative. 3 Acacia caesia (L.) Mimosaceae Nanjupatti Paste of fresh bark is IJTK (Francies et al.) 2011 Willd applied externally for skin diseases 4 Acacia farnesiana Mimosaceae Kasthurivelan Bark decoction is used NPR (Anand et al) 2005 (Linn.) Willd to treat inflamed skin 5 Acacia Mimosaceae Velam Juice of leaf mixed Article 029 (Palanisamy et al.) 2011, leucophloea Willd. with milk used to treat IJBLS (Natarajan et al) APSR 2013, bleeding piles. Leaf (kadirvelmurugan et al) IJRES 2014 juice is given to treat (Natarajan et al) fever and stomachache. 6 Acacia nilotica L. Mimosaceae Shikakaai Paste of stem bark is IJTK (Francies et al.) 2011 applied topically on skin diseases and scabies 7 Acacia pennata Mimosaceae Kattuchikai Stem bark decoction is JBR (Senthil et al.) JNR ( 2012, (L.) Willd. taken orally to cure Senthil et al.) AJPSR 2013 diarrhea (Vaidyananthan et al) 8 Acalypha indica L. Euphorbiaceae Kuppaimeni The whole plant IJTK (Francies et al.) AJPSR 2011, powder is used to treat (Vaidyananthan et al) IJRES 2013 toothache. Freshly (Natarajan et al) prepared leaf paste is Article 029 (Palanisamy et al.) applied externally to IJBLS (Natarajan et al) IJRAP treat scabies. (kuru et al) 9 Acalypha Euphorbiaceae Siruchinni Powdered leaves and IJRAP (kuru et al) AJPSR 2011, racemosa indica sakkarakolli (Vaidyananthan et al) 2013 L. (gymnema sylvestre) leaves with milk taken internally for diabetic Article 03/2015/ENVIS-Ecology of Eastern Ghats Page 2 of 35 EPTRI‐ENVIS Centre (Ecology of Eastern Ghats) 10 Acasia farnesiana Mimosaceae Kasthuri Bark decoction is AJPSR (Vaidyanathan et al.) 2013 (Linn) Willd. velan used to treat demulcent and astringent. 11 Achrus zapota (L.) Sapotaceae Sappoda Raw fruit is taken JBR (Senthil et al.) JNR ( 2012, P. Royen. orally to treat stomach Senthil et al.) 2013 ailments 12 Leaf paste is used to IJTK (Francies et al.) APSR 2011, treat cut wounds, eye (kadirvelmurugan et al) 2013, pain and dog bite. AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) 2014 Leaf decoction with IJRES (Natarajan et al) water/milk is used to Article 029 (Palanisamy et al.) cure stomach IJBLS (Natarajan et al) JNR ( problems, diuretic, Senthil et al.) IJRAP (kuru et piles and skin al) Achyranthes Amaranthacea diseases. aspera L. e Nayuruvi 13 The whole plant extract is used to Achyranthes Amaranthacea Sen treat blood AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et bidentata, Blume e naiyurivi circulation al) 2013 14 Acorus calamus L. Araceae Vasambu Paste of rhizome is JBR (Senthil et al.) IJBLS 2005, used to treat (Natarajan et al) JNR ( Senthil 2012, stomachache et al.) IJRAP (kuru et al) NPR 2013, (Anand et al) APSR 2014 (kadirvelmurugan et al) AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) IJRES (Natarajan et al) 15 Actiniopteris Pteridaceae Saava sedi, The juice extracted JNPPR (Karthik et al.) 2011 radiata (Sw.) Link. from the stem is taken orally twice a day to treat diarrhoea and fever. 16 Adathoda vasica Acanthaceae Adathoda Decoction obtained Article 029 (Palanisamy et al.) 2005, Nees from the leaf and roots NPR (Anand et al) 2011 are given to treat asthma, dysentery and diarrhea. 17 Adhatoda Acanthaceae Adathodai Powdered leaf mixed IJTK (Francies et al.) 2011 zeylanica Medi. with water is given orally for cough 18 Adiantum Pteridaceae Roaddu The whole plant is JNPPR (Karthik et al.) 2011 capillaris-veneris Keerai made into a paste L. along with aloe gel and applied externally in the affected places to treat cuts and wounds. The paste is also used as hair tonic by applied on head. Article 03/2015/ENVIS-Ecology of Eastern Ghats Page 3 of 35 EPTRI‐ENVIS Centre (Ecology of Eastern Ghats) 19 Adiantum Pteridaceae Roaddu The whole plant is JNPPR (Karthik et al.) 2011 lunulatum Keerai, ground into a paste with turmeric and applied over the affected places to treat pimples and wounds; The whole plant is boiled with water and the decoction is applied externally on the affected places to get relief from body pain and chest ache. 20 Aegle marmelos L. Rutaceae Vilvam Juice extracted from Article 029 (Palanisamy et al.) 2005, Correa the fruits is used to IJBLS (Natarajan et al) IJRAP 2011, treat dysentery and (kuru et al) NPR (Anand et al) 2013, dyspepsia. Stem juice APSR (kadirvelmurugan et al) 2014 and root powder is AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) used to cure fever. IJRES (Natarajan et al) Leaf juice used for diarrhea 21 Leaf extract is used to Aerva lanata (L.) Amaranthacea cure kidneystones JNR ( Senthil et al.) AJPSR Juss. e Sirupeeelai (Vaidyananthan et al) 2013 22 The whole plant extract is used to cure Agave Americana cut sores and wounds L. Agavaceae Kathalai AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) 2013 23 Agave sisalana Agavaceae Narkatralai Fresh leaf juice is IJTK (Francies et al.) 2011 Perr. dropped into ear for ear disease 24 Alangium Alangiaceae Alangi Leaf powder with IJTK (Francies et al.) APSR 2011, salvifolium (L.F.) water is given for (kadirvelmurugan et al) 2013, Wangerin diarrhea, dog bite, AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) 2014 fever. Fresh leaf IJRES (Natarajan et al) paste applied Article 029 (Palanisamy et al.) externally for skin IJBLS (Natarajan et al) JNR ( infections. Senthil et al.) IJRAP (kuru et al) 25 Leaf paste in combination with root bark of jasminum angustifolium and rhizome of Cyperus rotundus heated with neem oil to treat Albizia amara, poisonous bites and JNR ( Senthil et al.) AJPSR Boiv. Mimosaceae Usilai skin infections (Vaidyananthan et al) 2013 26 Leaf extract is used to Albizia lebbeck, cure scorpion bite (L.) Mimosaceae Vagei AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) 2013 Article 03/2015/ENVIS-Ecology of Eastern Ghats Page 4 of 35 EPTRI‐ENVIS Centre (Ecology of Eastern Ghats) 27 Velugu Leaf paste is used to Albizia thompsonii, Chinta treat skin infections Brandis Mimosaceae and ulcers AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) 2013 28 Allium cepa L. Alliaceae Vengayam Juice obtained from IJTK (Francies et al.) APSR 2011, bulb is used to treat (kadirvelmurugan et al) 2013, headache. Article 029 (Palanisamy et al.) 2014 IJBLS (Natarajan et al) JNR ( Senthil et al.) IJRAP (kuru et al) IJRES (Natarajan et al) 29 Allium sativum L. Alliaceae Poondu Bulb paste taken twice IJTK (Francies et al.) 2011 a day to treat gastric Article 029 (Palanisamy et al.) stimulant. 30 Aloe vera L. Liliaceae Sothu Juice obtained from IJTK (Francies et al.) APSR 2011, kathalai leaf is used to (kadirvelmurugan et al) IJRES 2013, maintain body cooling. (Natarajan et al) 2014 Sucker juice is taken Article 029 (Palanisamy et al.) orally for sexual IJBLS (Natarajan et al) debility and fever. 31 Alpinia calcarata, Rosc. Zingiberaceae Sitharathai AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) 2013 32 Alpinia galangal Zingiberaceae Perarathai Paste of rhizome is IJTK (Francies et al.) NPR 2005, Willd. given twice a day for (Anand et al) 2011 impaction 33 Alpinia officinarum Zingiberaceae Chitrattai Rhizome powder used IJBLS (Natarajan et al) IJRES 2013 Hance to treat phlem (Natarajan et al) 34 Ripe fruits are used to NPR (Anand et al) AJPSR 2005, treat syphilis, worms (Vaidyananthan et al) 2013 Alstonia venenata, Anali vegam and seizures R. Br. Apocynaceae /chinnapalai 35 Alternanthera Amaranthacea Ponnonkanni Juice of stem and IJBLS (Natarajan et al) APSR 2013, sessilis (L) e leaves is used to cure (kadirvelmurugan et al) 2014 R.Br.exDc. snake bite AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) IJRES (Natarajan et al) 36 Amaranthus Amaranthacea Mullukeerai Leaf decoction is IJBLS (Natarajan et al) APSR 2013, spinosus L. e taken orally for (kadirvelmurugan et al) 2014 stomachache AJPSR (Vaidyananthan et al) IJRES (Natarajan et al) 37 Leaf extract is used to Amaranthus viridis Amaranthacea Kuppa treat scorpion bite L.
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