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1 1 2 Table of Contents I. Situation Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 6 A: Context........................................................................................................................................... 6 B: Threats, Root Causes and Impacts ............................................................................................... 23 C. Baseline Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 37 D. Long-term Solution and Barriers to Achieving the Solution ....................................................... 40 E. Stakeholder Analysis .................................................................................................................... 44 II: Strategy .............................................................................................................................................. 46 A. Project Rationale, Policy Conformity and design principles ...................................................... 46 B. Project Goal, Objective, Outcomes and Outputs/activities ......................................................... 49 VIII: Co-Financing letters ..................................................................................................................... 65 IX: Annexures ......................................................................................................................................... 69 Project Manager (PM) ......................................................................................................................... 169 Project Coordinator (PC) .................................................................................................................... 170 Financial-cum- Administrative Assistant (FAA) ............................................................................... 170 Office Assistant (OA) ........................................................................................................................... 171 Conservation Biologist (CB) ................................................................................................................ 171 Socio-economic and Livelihood Specialist (SELS) ............................................................................ 172 Communication and Outreach Specialist (COS) ............................................................................... 173 I. Project General Information .......................................................................................................... 178 II. Project Landscape Coverage .......................................................................................................... 179 III. Management Practices Applied .................................................................................................... 180 IV. Market Transformation ................................................................................................................ 181 V. Policy and Regulatory frameworks ................................................................................................ 181 VI. Other Impacts ................................................................................................................................ 183 Annexure 21. ......................................................................................................................................... 183 Environmentaland Social Screening Checklist .................................................................................. 183 3 ACRONYMS APR Annual Project Review ATLAS UNDP’s Enterprise Resources Platform AWP Annual Work Plan BCPs Biodiversity Conservation Plans BDA Biological Diversity Act BSAP Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan CB Conservation Biologist CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBOs Community Based Organisations CEC Centre for Education and Communication CER Corporate Environment Responsibility CESS Centre for Earth Science Studies CDR Combined Delivery Report CHR Cardamom Hill Reserve CO Country Office COP Conference of Parties COS Communication and Outreach Specialist CP (UNDP) Country Programme CPAP (UNDP) Country Programme Action Plan CRC Cardamom for Rainforest Conservation CRS Cardamom Research Station CSO Civil Society Organisation CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CTCT Community to Community Training EB Executive Body EBA Endemic Bird Area EDC Eco-Development Committee EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPA Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 FA Financial Assistant FAA Financial and Administrative Assistant FD Forest Department FDA Forest Development Agency FRA Forest Right Act GB Governing Body GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GHG Green House Gas GoI Government of India GP Grama Panchayat HNL Hindustan Newsprint Limited HRML High Range Mountain Landscape HVBA High Value Biodiversity Area HRSDS High Range Sustainable Development Society HRWEPA High Range Wildlife and Environment Preservation Association IBA Important Bird Area IC Incremental Cost ICAR Indian Council for Agricultural Research IMG Institute of Management in Government INTACH Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage IP Implementing Partner IR Inception Report IUCN World Conservation Union IW Inception Workshop JFM Joint Forest Management JFMCs Joint Forest Management Committees KDH Kanan Devan Hills 4 KDHP Kanan Devan Hill Produce KFD Kerala Forest Department KFDC Kerala Forest Development Corporation KFRI Kerala Forest Research Institute KILA Kerala Institute of Local Administration KITTS Kerala Institute of Travel and Tourism Studies KSBC Kerala State Bamboo Corporation KSEB Kerala State Electricity Board LLPMU Landscape-Level Project Management Unit LLLUP Landscape Level Land Use Plan LP Landscape Plan LPAC Local Project Appraisal Committee LSGs Local Self Governments M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL Mean Sea Level NAPCC National Action Plan on Climate Change NBAP National Biodiversity Action Plan NCF Nature Conservation Foundation NFC National Forest Commission NGO Non-government Organization NIAS National Institute of Advanced Studies NPD National Project Director NPMU National Project Management Unit NTCA National Tiger Conservation Authority NTFP Non Timber Forest Produce PA Project Associate PAs Protected Areas PCCF Principal Chief Conservator of Forests PFM Participatory Forest Management PIMS Project Information Management System PIR Project Implementation Review PC Project Coordinator PM Project Manager PPG Project Preparation Grant PRIs Panchayati Raj Institutions PSC Project Steering Committee PWD Public Works Department RCU Regional Coordination Unit RGCB Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology RKVY Rashtriya Krishi Vignan Yojana SBAA Standard Basic Assistance Agreement SC Scheduled Caste SE Subject Expert SELS Socio-economic and Livelihoods Specialist SHG Self-Help Group SO-2 (GEF’s) Strategic Objective 2 (under the Biodiversity Focal Area) SPD State Project Director SPMU State Project Management Unit SPSC State Project Steering Committee SRF Strategic Results Framework ST Scheduled Tribe TAG Technical Advisory Group TOR Terms of Reference TPR Tri-partite Review TTR Terminal Tri-partite Review ULOs Unit Level Organisations UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework 5 UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNDP-CO United Nations Development Programme – Country Office UNDP-GEF United Nations Development Programme – Global Environment Facility Unit UPASI United Planters Association of South India USD United States Dollar VLI Village Level Institutions VSS Van Samrakshana Samiti WCMC World Conservation Monitoring Centre WTI Wildlife Trust of India WWF World Wide Fund for Nature 6 I. Situation Analysis A: CONTEXT National context 1. Encompassing 27 percent of the Earth’s land surface (across all continents, latitudes and principal biomes), mountains support a broad spectrum of biological diversity and provide diverse goods and services to well over half of the world’s seven billion people (Price et al., 20111 and ICIMOD, 20102). They harbor a significant portion of distinct ethnic groups, remnants of cultural traditions, environmental knowledge, complex agro-cultural gene pools and traditional management practices and habitat adaptations (CBD, 2012).3 Since the Rio Summit in 1992, there has been increasing global awareness of the importance of mountain areas. For instance, the Rio +20 Conference on Sustainable Development (2012) reiterated that the benefits derived from mountains are essential for sustainable development and called for greater efforts towards their conservation.4 2. In India, mountains account for a majority of its 4 (of 34 in the world) global ‘biodiversity hotspots’, namely the Himalayas; Indo-Burma; the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka; and Sundaland.5 India’s mountain regions cover an area close to 100 million ha (around 30 percent of India’s landmass) (MoEF, 2009)6, that constitutes more than 90 percent of the ‘biodiversity hotspots’ in the country. 3. Running parallel to the west coast, the Western Ghats, also known as Sahyadris, form the fluted western edge of the Indian peninsular plateau, which are stable Archaean and Pre-Cambrian formations (Nair, 1991).7 These mountains, making up around 4.8 percent of India’s land area, pass through the Indian states
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