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Revision of the Genus Fosterella (Bromeliaceae)

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Revision of the Genus Fosterella (Bromeliaceae) Revision of the genus Fosterella (Bromeliaceae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften Vorgelegt im Fachbereich Naturwissenschaften der Universität Kassel von Jule Peters aus Hemer Kassel, Juni 2009 Vom Fachbereich Naturwissenschaften der Universität Kassel als Dissertation angenommen. Disputation zur Erlangung des Dr. rer. nat. am 20. Juli 2009 (magna cum laude) bestanden. Dekan: Prof. Dr. Friedrich W. Herberg Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Pierre L. Ibisch und Prof. Dr. Kurt Weising Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde unter der Betreuung von Prof. Dr. Pierre L. Ibisch in Kooperation mit der Fachhochschule Eberswalde, Fachbereich für Wald und Umwelt angefertigt. to my mother Acknowledgements I acknowledge very much the financial support by the University of Kassel. The achievement of this work would not have been possible for me without the provided PhD research fellowship. The field trip to South America was kindly supported by the DAAD. For the provision of the topic I would like to thank my supervisor Pierre L. Ibisch wholeheartedly. I benefited tremendously from his kind support and friendly advice just like his enthusiasm for Fosterella and Bolivia has infected me. My sincere thanks to my supervisor Kurt Weising for support and confidence throughout the whole project. I want to thank all further colleagues involved in the Fosterella project for the reliable cooperation: Georg Zizka and Katharina Schulte (Research Institute Senckenberg, Frankfurt/M.), Christoph Nowicki (University of Applied Sciences, Eberswalde), Martina Rex and Natascha Wagner (University of Kassel). Special thanks go to Christoph Nowicki for help with the distribution maps. We are very grateful to our longtime cooperation partners abroad, without whom the whole Fosterella project could not have been hardly that successful: Roberto Vásquez (Sociedad Boliviana de Botánica, Santa Cruz, Bolivia), Stephan G. Beck (Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, La Paz, Bolivia) and Elton M.C. Leme (Herbarium Bradeanum, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Thank you so much for your generous help. I am deeply indebted to several people who made the field trip to South America not only possible and successful, but the most marvelous and impressive expedition of my life: Pierre L. Ibisch, Roberto Vásquez, Raul Lara, Stephan Beck, Alfredo Tupayachi, Javier FarfanFlores, Jean Paul Latorre, Betty Millan, Familia Huertas, Alfredo Grau, Figuera Romero, Roberto Neumann, Lázaro Novara and Elton M.C. Leme. Very special thanks to my companion Nicole Schütz. Many thanks to all curators and staff members of herbaria and botanical gardens who provided material and related information. Special thanks to Timm Stolten (Botanical Gardens Heidelberg), Jürgen Lautner (Old Botanical Garden Göttingen), Beat Leuenberger and Robert Vogt (Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin), Nikolai Friesen (Botanical Garden Osnabrück), Eric Gouda (Botanic Gardens Utrecht), Walter Till (Herbarium of the University Vienna), Bruce Holst, Harry Luther and Rosalind Rowe (Marie Selby Botanical Gardens). Special thanks go to Sabine Bringmann for cultivation of the Fosterella living collection in Kassel. I greatly appreciate the kind help in all taxonomical issues provided at any time by Helmut Freitag. Many thanks for revising the manuscript to Helmut Freitag, Kerstin Volkenant and Anita Fischer. Warm thanks also to all members of the department of Botany at the University of Kassel, namely Kurt Weising, Helmut Freitag, Frau Maier-Stolte, Irene Diebel, Christine Frohmuth, Tim Kröger, Daniela Guicking and Natascha Wagner. It has been a pleasure for me to join this friendly team. Special thanks again to Nicole Schütz. There were some more very nice people who made the AVZ a lovely place to work: Horst Koenies, Clovis Douanla-Meli, Kerstin Volkenant, Tina Schäfer, Astrid Schröder, Kerttu Valtanen, Manuel Punzet, Tine Nowack, Toni Burmeister, Daniel Großarth, Matze & Franky, Sabine Bringmann and Ralf Linzert – thank you all. I am grateful to the cooperative and hospitable people I met during my pleasant stay in Eberswalde: Harald Schill, Bernhard Götz, Ute Krakau, Stefan Kreft, Marcela Cuadros, Camilla, Kolja, Tido, Steffi, Dirk, Sebastian and Franka. Finally, love to my dear family and friends – Papa, Flori, Lisa, Bastian, Joanna, Holger, Nici, Frauke, Kerstin, Peter, Seb, Aisha, Karel, Alex, Heike, Hendrik, Tim, Christin, Tine, Freddi, Jantje, Mia, Antje, Eri, Luddi, Jan, Sinja, Christian, Linda, Jörn, Sebi, Gerd, Horst, Aki, Kerttu, Tina, Clovis, Gregor, Anita, Sean, Rolf, Barbara, Jörg, Christian, Ralf, Gaby, Volker – I am glad you are around! Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The family Bromeliaceae Juss. ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The genus Fosterella L.B. Sm. ............................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Objectives of the study ......................................................................................................................... 7 2 Material and Methods .......................................................................................... 9 2.1 Plant material ......................................................................................................................................... 9 a) Herbarium material ........................................................................................................................... 9 b) Living collections .............................................................................................................................. 9 c) Field observations ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Assessment of morphological characters ........................................................................................ 10 2.3 Evaluation of biogeographical data .................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Reconstruction of character evolution ............................................................................................. 17 3 Results .................................................................................................................. 19 3.1 Fosterella L.B. Sm. ................................................................................................................................. 19 3.2 Key to the species ............................................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Taxonomic treatment ......................................................................................................................... 27 F. albicans (Griseb.) L.B. Sm. .............................................................................................................. 27 F. aletroides (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. .......................................................................................................... 35 F. batistana Ibisch, Leme & J. Peters ................................................................................................. 39 F. caulescens Rauh .................................................................................................................................. 43 F. chaparensis Ibisch, R. Vásquez & E. Gross .................................................................................. 48 F. christophii Ibisch, R. Vásquez & J. Peters ..................................................................................... 52 F. cotacajensis M. Kessler, Ibisch & E. Gross .................................................................................... 56 F. elviragrossiae Ibisch, R. Vásquez & J. Peters ................................................................................. 61 F. floridensis Ibisch, R. Vásquez & E. Gross ..................................................................................... 65 F. gracilis (Rusby) L.B. Sm. ................................................................................................................. 70 F. graminea (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. .......................................................................................................... 74 F. hatschbachii L.B. Sm. & Read .......................................................................................................... 78 F. heterophylla Rauh ............................................................................................................................... 82 F. kroemeri Ibisch, R. Vásquez & J. Peters ....................................................................................... 86 I F. micrantha (Lindl.) L.B. Sm. ............................................................................................................. 90 F. nicoliana J. Peters & Ibisch ............................................................................................................. 97 F. pearcei (Baker) L.B. Sm. ............................................................................................................... 101 F. penduliflora (C.H. Wright) L.B. Sm. ............................................................................................ 105 F. petiolata (Mez) L.B. Sm. ..............................................................................................................
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