Historia naturalis bulgarica, 21: 215-256, 2015

Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin

Zdravko Hubenov

Abstract: A total of 742 two-winged species that belong to 43 families have been reported from Pirin Mt. The larger number of species (394 species, or 53.2%) has been found in the beech forest belt. The established species belong to 72 areo- graphical categories. The dipterous fauna can be divided into 2 main groups: 1) species with Mediterranean type of distribution (48 species, or 6.4%) – more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palaearctic. Five species of southern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well; 2) species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (694 species, or 93.6%) – more cold-resistant and widely distributed in the Palaearctic. 155 species of northern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well. The zoogeographical character of the Tachinidae fauna is determined by the second group. The ration of the two groups is different in the separate vegetation belts of Pirin Mt.

Key words: Diptera, Bulgaria, Pirin Mt., faunistic composition

Introduction The first data for Diptera of Pirin Mt. are report- 2002, 2004; Dzhambazov & Beshovski, 2000; ed by Drensky (1929). Between the two world wars Langourov, 2001; Černi & Merz, 2006). The hy- Drensky (1934, 1939, 1943), Valkanov (1941) and drobiological (Valkanov, 1941; Stoichev, 1996) Delkeskamp (1942) published separate data about and biospeleological (Beron, 2006) studies have a the mountain. In the next period of 14 years there faunistic contribution. are no works concerning dipterans of Pirin Mt. After The data are fragmentary, concern separated 1956, articles including materials from the moun- parts of the mountain and are scattered in different tain, reappear (Drensky, 1957; Gregor & Povolny, articles which are not specially referred to Pirin Mt. 1959; Naidenow, 1962; Dušek & Rozkošny, 1963; There are systematic studies of the explored territory Hradsky & Moucha, 1964, 1967; Lavčiev, 1964, only for the family Tachinidae (Hubenov, 1992). 1980, 2003; Bankowska, 1967a, 1967b; Beshovski, There is a lack of generalized investigations on the 1967, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1994, 1995, tachinid fauna of the mountain. In the management 1998, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013; Beron, 1972; plan for Pirin National Park, unlike the other two na- Chvála et al., 1972; Starý, 1973, 1976, 1978; tional parks (Central Balkan and Rila), the dipterans Kovatchev, 1976; Spitzer, 1978; Beiger, 1979; are not considered. Chvála, 1980; Hubenov, 1980, 1982a, 1982b, 1983; The aim of this paper is to present informa- Joost, 1982; Rozkošny, 1982; Lauterer, 1983; tion concerning the fauna, zoogeography and study Parvu, 1983; Krzemiński, 1984; Mendl, 1986; level of the two-winged insects of Pirin Mt. and Pirin Chvála & Kovalev, 1989; Krzemiński & Starý, National Park. 1989; Michailova, 1989; Povolný & Verves, 1990; Bechev, 1991, 1994, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2010; Investigated region, materials and Beschovski & Minkova, 1991; Skuhrava et al., methods 1991; Beshovski, Manasieva, 1995; Beshovski & Dzhambazov, 1997, 1998, 2002; Ganeva, 1998; Pirin Mt. is situated between the valleys of the Beshovski & Zatwarnicki, 2000, 2001a, 2001b, rivers Srtuma and Mesta, south of Rila Mt., from 216 Zdravko Hubenov which it is separated by Predel Col. The Paril Col materials from Bulgaria, containing data about Pirin separates Pirin Mt. from the south situated Slavyanka Mt. The material was collected from 77 localities Mt. Pirin Mt. stretches northwest-southeast and is (Table 1), grouped in 23 starting points: south of about 80 km long and 40 km wide. The maximum Gradevo village, Predel area, soutwest of the towns height at Vihren Peak is 2914.3 m. The total area of Razlog and Bansko, the chalets Yavorov, Vihren the mountain is 2585 km2. It is divided into North, and Demyanitsa, Dobrinishte village, Bezbog cha- Middle and South Pirin. In the Pleistocene glacial let, west of Momina Klisura, Gotse Delchev, Popovi forms (carlings, cirques, trog valleys and moraines) Livadi area, Paril village, Teshovo village, Pirin vil- are formed in Pirin Mt. Gravity forms of alpine type lage, Melnik, Pirin chalet, Sandanska Bistritsa River, (screes, stone rivers and seas, snowslide cones, gul- Begovitsa chalet, east of Ploski village, Kresna, Vlahi lies and moraine shafts) are characteristic of its high village and Brezhani village. From the western and parts. Climaticaly Pirin Mt. belongs to Continental- southwestern slopes of the mountain the territory Mediterranean climatic region and includes parts above 300 m a.s.l. is included. The material collected of the Maleshevska-Pirin low mountain, Mestenski beneath this altitude is not a subject of this study. and Mountain climatic areas of the South Bulgarian A significant number of species are known from climatic subregion (Stanev, 1991). Glacial lakes are Kresna Gorge but they are collected mainly from the situated in the cirques of the granite part of Northern lower parts (below 300 m) and also are not included Pirin whereas the marble part is relatively anhydrous. in this study. In some cases, the old collectors did not Pirin Mt. belongs to the same titled region of the give an accurate localities on the labels and indicated Illyrian province of the European deciduous forest only Pirin Mt. For a number of widespread and mass area. The vegetation is differentiated in a system of species the authors did not give the localities and 6 vegetation zones (Stojanov, 1966; Velchev et al., mentioned they occur everywhere. Such species are 1982, 1989; Velchev, Tonkov, 1986; Bondev, 1991, included in the review only if they are reported from 1997, 2002; Velchev, 1997, 2002): 1) Xerothermic Pirin Mt. oak forests, best presented in the west and south Zoogeographical analysis for species categori- hillsides – to 600-700 m a.s.l.; 2) Mesophylic and zation was used. This method allows obtaining data xeromesophylic mixed forests, well presented in the information about species complexes with different southwest and east hillsides – from 600-700 m a.s.l. zoogeographical character based on the published to 900-1000 m a.s.l.; 3) Beech forests, best present- data regarding species distribution and results of ed in the middle and south parts of the mountain the sums. The classification of the areas is based – from 900-1000 m a.s.l. to 1500-1600 m a.s.l.; 4) on the works of de Lattin (1967), Malicky et al. Coniferous forests – from 1300-1600 m a.s.l. to 2000- (1983), Gorodkov (1984) and Vigna Taglianti et 2200 m a.s.l.; 5) Subalpine vegetation – from 2000 al. (1999) but the inversion of the traditional zooge- to 2500 m a.s.l.; 6) Alpine vegetation – above 2400- ographical nomenclature of Vigna Taglianti et al. 2500 m a.s.l. For the coniferous zone of the marble (1999) is not accepted. part of the Northern Pirin, the Mediterranean plant Abbreviations used: figures – numbers of formation of Pinus leucodermis Ait is typical. Pirin the localities in Table 1 and numbers from the Mt. belongs to the Rila-Rhodope zoogeographical re- References, Roman figures – months of flight gion and has an Eurosiberian and Submediterranean activity or period of collecting, ? – uncertain data faunistic character in the lower parts (Georgiev, or lack of data, atm – Afrotropical-Mediterranean, 1982, 2002). ban – Balkan-Anatolian, bm – Boreomontane, cse The territory of the Pirin National Park in- – Central and South European, csean – Central cludes 40332 ha with the reserves Bayuvi Dupki- and South European-Anatolian, csee – Central and Dzhindzhiritsa (2873 ha) and Yulen (3156 ha). The Southeast European, cseeit – Central and Southeast park’s boundary descends lowest over Bansko – European-Iran-Тuranian, cseit – Central and South 800-900 m a.s.l. but usually lies significantly higher European-Iran-Тuranian, csena – Central and (above 1300-1700 m). The reserves Orelek (situ- South European-North African, des – Disjunct ated in Middle Pirin) and Tisata (situated in Kresna Eurosiberian, dp – Disjunct Palaearctic, dpo – Gorge) remain outside the park’s territory. Disjunct Palaearctic-Oriental, e – European, ean – The material is collected after the First World European-Anatolian, Eb – Balkan endemic, Ebg – War and the main part of it is stored in the National Bulgarian endemic, Ebs – Balkan subendemic, eca Museum of Natural History. A number of foreign – European-Central Asian, eeca – East European- entomologists have been collected and published Central Asian, eit – European-Iran-Тuranian, em –

216 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 217

Table 1. Localities of Diptera from Pirin Mt.

Number Localities Altitude (m) GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode of species 1. Argirovo Lake 2365 41°41’30.79”; 23°30’30.75” GM01 4 2. Banderitsa River basin, Banderitsa River valley 2000-2300 41°45’07.18”; 23°24’47.44” FM92, GM02 8 3. Banderishki Lakes 2060-2350 41°44’09.76”; 23°25’18.66” GM02 3 4. Banderitsa Chalet 1810 41°46’06.10”; 23°25’37.27” GM02 53 5. Banderitsa Chalet, surroundings 1500-2000 41°45’47.17”; 23°25’13.94” GM02 52 6. Banderitsa River, above Bansko 1200-1400 41°47’48.59”; 23°27’17.88” GM03 16 7. Banderishko Ribno Lake (Golyamo Banderishko) 2190 41°44’18.29”; 23°24’54.62” GM02 18 8. Bansko, surroundings 900-1000 41°49’39.29”; 23°28’28.72” GM03 132 9. Bansko (above Bansko) 1000-1600 41°47’36.52”; 23°26’52.06” GM03 45 GM03, 10. Bansko – Vihren Chalet 1000-1500 41°47’36.69”; 23°26’52.55” 33 GM02 11. Bayuvi Dupki, near Yavorov Chalet 1500-2500 41°47’42.27”; 23°22’57.80” FM93 2 12. Begovitsa (Kamenitsa) Chalet 1750 41°40’26.60”; 23°25’39.27” GM01 8 13. Begovitsa (Kamenitsa) Chalet, surroundings 1750-2000 41°40’14.94”; 23°26’16.37” GM01 19 14. Begovitsa River basin 1900-2200 41°40’41.76”; 23°27’44.23” FM91, GM01 6 15. Begovitsa River valley 1300-1900 41°40’16.24”; 23°24’54.49” FM91, GM01 11 16. Bezbog Lake 2240 41°43’59.96”; 23°31’27.92” GM02 2 17. Bezbog Peak, surroundings 2240-2645 41°43’52.78”; 23°30’45.99” GM02 11 18. Brezhani village (near Simitli, northeast of Krupnik) 500-700 41°51’49.33”; 23°11’10.39” FM83 7 19. Breznitsa village 700-750 41°40’17.68”; 23°39’42.41” GM21 16 20. Demyanitsa Chalet, surroundings 1800-2000 41°44’34.55”; 23°28’04.40” GM02 23 21. Demyanishka Polyana 1800 41°45’08.72”; 23°27’59.05” GM02 5 22. Demyanitsa River, near Bansko 900-1000 41°48’25.78”; 23°28’20.58” GM03 11 23. Dobrinishte, surroundings 850-900 41°47’58.11”; 23°33’56.45” GM13 44 23a.Dzhamdzhievi Skali, locality (near Banderitsa Chalet) 2270 41°46’01.10”; 23°24’49.04” GM02 1 24. Gazeyski Lakes 2400-2640 41°43’39.24”; 23°29’09.02” GM02 8 25. Gazey Peak, surroundings 2000-2500 41°43’57.48”; 23°29’03.75” GM02 1 26. Georgiyski (Gergiyski) Lakes 2020-2392 41°44’45.06”; 23°22’49.44” FM92 10 27. Gotse Deltshev (G. Deltshev – Gotse Deltshev Chalet) 600-1000 41°34’12.87”; 23°41’56.90” GM20 29 28. Gotse Deltshev Chalet, surroundings 1475-1600 41°45’38.29”; 23°32’56.58” GM20 33 29. Gradevska River, near Gradevo village 700-750 41°55’42.68”; 23°14’42.68” FM84 14 30. Karlanovo village, surroundings, near Melnik 500-650 41°32’39.42”; 23°25’00.53” GM00 4 31. Koprivlen village (above Koprivlen village) 600-700 41°30’39.45”; 23°47’22.74” GM30 10 GM12, 32. Kremenska (Lakinska) Reka River, near Kremen village 700-800 41°45’22.38”; 23°39’57.11” 5 GM22 33. Lilyanovo village, surroundings 450-700 41°37’03.16”; 23°18’58.64” FM90, FM91 76 34. Melnik, surroundings 350-450 41°31’26.72”; 23°23’32.19” FL99, GM00 139 35. Mesta village (above Mesta village) 700-800 41°45’35.94”; 23°40’10.27” GM22 19 36. Mitrovo Lake (Demirkapiyski Lakes) 2292 41°41’16.92”; 23°30’06.80” GM01 4 37. Muratovo Lake (Ovinato, Hvoynato, Banderishki Lakes) 2230 41°44’45.03”; 23°24’21.91” FM92, GM02 10 38. Okoto Lake (above Vihren Chalet, Banderishki Lakes) 2060 41°45’06.22”; 23°24’54.38” GM02 15 39. Parilska Sedlovina Col (South Pirin), surroundings 1170-1300 41°25’37.04”; 23°39’08.14” GL28 24 40. Paril village, surroundings (above Paril) 700-900 41°26’03.06”; 23°40’43.45” GL29 30 41. Pirin Mt., presence in Pirin is indicated 300-2914 FM83....GL29 47 42. Pirin Chalet 1640 41°37’56.48”; 23°29’47.45” GM00 11 43. Pirin Chalet, surroundings 1600-2000 41°38’55.43”; 23°30’04.01” GM00 8 44. Pirinska Bistritsa River (near Gorno Spanchevo village) 350-500 41°30’33.14”; 23°30’32.74” GL09 3 45. Ploski village (above Ploski village) 500-650 41°38’42.09”; 23°16’00.02” FM81 42

217 218 Zdravko Hubenov

Table 1. Continued

Number Localities Altitude (m) GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode of species 46. Popina Laka (above Lilyanovo village) 1250 41°40’19.99”; 23°23’34.95” FM91 30 47. Popina Laka, surroundings 1230-1350 41°40’27.71”; 23°23’51.95” GM01 82 48. Popovi Livadi (Papaz Chair, Popski Preslap) 1430 41°32’49.76”; 23°37’55.52” GM10 29 GM10, 49. Popovi Livadi (Papaz Chair) – Orelyak Massif 1500-2000 41°33’14.31”; 23°37’17.49” 11 GM20 50. Predela Col (west of Razlog) 1142 41°52’54.41”; 23°20’55.39” FM93, FM94 51 51. Predela Col, surroundings 850-1150 41°53’52.95”; 23°19’19.61” FM93, FM94 50 52. Prevalski Lakes (Demyanishki Lakes) 2330-2300 41°42’30.33”; 23°28’20.75” GM02 2 53. Razlog (above Razlog – Betolovoto) 1000-1200 41°51’01.67”; 23°23’01.33” GM03 88 54. Ribno (Golyamo) Banderishko Lake 2190 41°44’18.29”; 23°24’54.62” GM02 5 55. Rozhen Monastery, near Melnik 650 41°31’50.10”; 23°25’36.33” GM00 17 56. Rozhen Monastery, surroundings 550-650 41°31’49.82”; 23°25’35.40” GM00 11 57. Rozhen village, near Melnik 300-500 41°32’05.62”; 23°26’00.46” GM00 43 58. Sandanski (above Sandanski – Lilyanovo village) 300-400 41°35’50.10”; 23°17’52.40” FM90 92 59. Sandanski Chalet (Popina Laka, surroundings) 1230 41°40’18.19”; 23°23’37.95” GM01 19 60. Sandanska Bistritsa River, above Lilyanovo village 400-950 41°38’49.99”; 23°21’25.84” FM91 7 61. Sharaliyska Peshtera Cave (above Ilindentsi village) 1600 41°42’47.00’’; 23°18’51.00’’ FM91 1 62. Shiligarnika (north of Todorin Peak) 1740 41°46’44.46”; 23°26’55.38” GM02 6 63. Sinanitsa Chalet, Sinanishko Lake 2200 41°44’39.25”; 23°22’23.49” FM92 1 GL19, GL29, 64. South Pirin 300-1978 12 GM20 65. Stara Kresna village (above Stara Kresna village) 450-650 41°47’23.62”; 23°10’51.41” FM82 7 66. Todorini Lakes (Todorini Ochi, Ochite na Todorka) 2510-2550 41°44’52.28”; 23°26’00.14” GM02 10 67. Todorin Preval (Preval na Malka Todorka) 2575 41°44’28.46”; 23°25’51.54” GM02 3 68. Tremoshnitsa, locality (above Lilyanovo village) 900-1000 41°39’24.51”; 23°22’13.16” FM91 67 69. Vasilashki Lakes 2126-2362 41°44’27.30”; 23°26’49.62” GM02 13 70.Vihren Chalet 1950 41°45’23.57”; 23°25’01.06” GM02 22 71. Vihren Chalet, surroundings 1900-2500 41°44’48.97”; 23°24’43.46” GM02, FM92 48 72. Vihren Peak, surroundings 2500-2900 41°46’50.06”; 23°23’50.18” FM92 7 73. Vlahi village, surroundings 500-700 41°44’19.40”; 23°13’49.67” FM82 8 74. Vlahinska Reka River (above Vlahi village) 500-750 41°43’52.72”; 23°16’15.40” FM82 5 75. Yavorov Chalet 1740 41°49’32.54”; 23°22’42.27” FM93 26 76. Yavorov Chalet, surroundings 1740-1900 41°49’04.86”; 23°23’29.91” FM93 14 77. Zhabeshko Lake (Banderishki Lakes) 2322 41°44’19.76”; 23°25’24.45” GM02 7

East Mediterranean, ena – European-North African, hptn – Holarctic-Paleotropical-Neotropical, k – Er – Regional endemic, esca – Eurosiberian- Cosmopolitan, mca – Mediterranean-Central Asian, Central Asian, ess – European and South Siberian, m – montane, mss – Mediterranean and South eswa – European-Southwest Asian, et – European- Siberian, msws – Mediterranean and Southwest Turanian, ewca – European-West Central Asian, Siberian, mt – Mediterranean-Turanian, mwca h – Holarctic, h* – species introduced in North – Mediterranean-West Central Asian, nemit – America, ha – Holarctic-Australian, hat – Holarctic- Northeast Mediterranean-Iran-Тuranian, nm – Afrotropical, hn – Holarctic-Neotropical, hnat – North Mediterranean, nmt – North Мediterranean- Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical, hno – Holarctic- Тuranian, NP – Pirin National Park, om – Oriental- Neotropical-Oriental, hnoa – Holarctic-Neotropical- Mediterranean, pa – Palaearctic-Australian, Oriental-Australian, ho – Holarctic-Oriental, hoes pat – Palaearctic-Afrotropical, po – Palaearctic- – Holoeurosiberian, hom – Holomediterranean, hop Oriental, poa – Palaearctic-Oriental-Australian, – Holopalaearctic, hpt – Holarctic-Paleotropical, ppt – Palaearctic-Paleotropical, ppta – Palaearctic- hpta – Holarctic-Paleotropical-Australian, Paleotropical-Australian, ptm – Paleotropical-

218 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 219

Mediterranean, se – South European, sess – South al., 2000b), East Rhodopes – 279 species (Hubenov, European and South Siberian, sk – Semicosmopolitan, 2004) and Vitosha Mt. – 1000 species (Hubenov, sp – South Palaearctic, spat – South Palaearctic- 2014), the family Tachinidae (147 species) which is Afrotropical, sppta – South Palaearctic-Paleotropical- systematically studied only in Pirin Mt., should be Australian, tp – Transpalaearctic, wces – West and dropped out. Thus 410 species remain in the Pirin Central Eurosiberian, wcp – West and Central National Park’ territory which is commensurable Palaearctic, wes – West Eurosiberian, wesca – West with the Diptera fauna of the Rila National Park Eurosiberian-Central Asian, wp – West Palaearctic, (better studied), significantly exceeds the Central wpat – West Palaearctic-Afrotropical, wpo – West Balkan National Park and considerably decreases Palaearctic-Oriental. vis-a-vis Vitosha Mt. It should be kept in mind that Vitosha is the most studied Bulgarian mountain and Results and discussion its whole territory is used for comparison (not only Vitosha Park) while the Central Balkan National Park A total of 742 species dipterans (18.5% of the is poorly investigated with respect to the two-winged species found in Bulgaria) belonging to 43 fami- insects. When comparing the whole Pirin Mt. with lies have been established in Pirin Mt. so far (Table Vitosha Mt., the difference is not large although the 2). The family Tachinidae is most numerous – 203, insufficiently research of Pirin Mt. It is expected, un- followed by Limoniidae – 72, Chloropidae – 72, der further investigations, Pirin Mt. to exceed most Cecidomyiidae – 54, Syrphidae – 49, Muscidae – 49 of our mountains in species composition of Diptera. and Ephydridae – 33 species. The remaining families This relates to the wide variety of natural habitats as contain from 1 to 18 species. The taxa distribution well as the geographical location which the moun- in most cases is connected with the exploration of tain occupies in southwestern Bulgaria, on the bor- the corresponding mountain region. This is evident der between the Eurosiberian and Mediterranean when comparing the established species in regard Palaearctic subregions. to the localities (Table 1). Six areas of good research In the xerothermic oak forests belt 257 species (over 70 species found) are outlined. First are the (34.7%) have been established, despite its limited surroundings of Bansko (132 species) and Melnik development in western, southwestern and south- (139 species) – the most visited places at the foot of ern parts of the mountain. This is connected with its the mountain. The popular resorts and starting points open spaces to which species of Sandanski-Petrich for entering Pirin Mt. – Sandanski and Lilyanovo vil- Valley penetrate. Most species have been found in lage, Popina laka and Razlog (from 77 to 92 species) the beech forests (394 species – 53.2%) and the mes- also form a group of well-studied regions. Of the in- ophilic and xeromesophilic mixed forests (364 spe- ner parts of the mountain, the surroundings of the cies – 49.2%). The border between the beech and the chalets Banderitsa, Vihren, Gotse Delchev, Yavorov coniferous forests of Pirin Mt. is not clear and de- and Demyanitsa are better studied (from 23 to 53 pending on the exposure, relief and anthropogenic species). It is seen that the localities from which a impact, there are wide areas of mixing (200-300 m material is collected (only 77) are concentrated a.s.l.). This determines the high species richness in around the popular tourist centers or routes (when the beech belt, the great number of common species they are not near the chalets). Significant parts of and the similarity of the Diptera fauna from II to IV the mountain are unexplored and material is not vegetation belt. In regard to the hypsometric belts, collected. This relates both to the difficult of approach the maximum number of species is located between terrain and the insufficiently investigation of the sep- 900 and 1300 m a.s.l. The upper limit of the conif- arate families. The number of the established species erous zone gradually passes into the sub-alpine veg- probably represents about 35-40% of the actual etation zones with a mixture regions of about 200 m species composition of the investigated territory. The a.s.l. Thus most of the species are common to both dipterans are a highly mobile group and after further vegetation belts and the number of taxa established investigations of Pirin Mt. can be expected to reach in the sub-alpine belt increases. Of the species found 40-50% of the species composition of most families in the alpine belt, there is no one typical for it only. found in the country. All these species have been established in the sub- A total of 559 species has been established in the alpine belt and most of them – in the other vegeta- Pirin National Park. In comparison with the Central tion belts as well. In some cases, finding of species at Balkan National Park – 184 species (Hubenov et al., certain altitude takes place accidentally. The lack of 2000a), Rila National Park – 386 species (Hubenov et systematic research on the Diptera of Pirin Mt. and

219 220 Zdravko Hubenov 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 96 87 86 87 87 87 86 108 111 109 86, 87 86, 87 86, 111 86, 111 86, 109 86, 112 86, 112 86, 109 86, 87, 111 References VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII-IX VIII-IX VIII-IX VIII-IX VI-VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII V-VIII, X V-VIII, Fenology e e e e e h et tp Er eit eit eit eit ho Eb cse cse cse des wes Ebg Ebg Ebg wcp csee nmt hom Zoogeo ­ graphical 1500 1400 1230 1950 2100 1000 1000 2100 1750 1142 1250 1700 1250 1000 900-1230 900-1000 900-1000 1900-2000 1230-2000 1230-1810 1900-2300 1900-2000 1200-1700 1230-2000 1230-1350 1300-2200 1960-2914 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 70 NP Distribution 2 8 8 5 8 49 15 13 47 70 14 22 71 12 51 46 46 8, 22 2, 14 13, 47 15, 47 71, 72 4, 13, 47 8, 22, 47 6, 14, 47 13, 47, 71 6, 12, 46, 71 Localities Pirin of Species composition of the dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin Mt. Pirin of (Insecta: Diptera) the dipterans of 2. Species composition Table (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, (Verrall, 1886) (Verrall, Bangerter, 1947 Bangerter, Starý, 1971 Starý, ) ochracea (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ) nemoralis Meijere, 1918 Meijere, (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, Mendl, 1973 Mendl, Meigen, 1804 Meigen, (Linnaeus, 1761) ocellare ) ocellare Limoniidae / 72 NEMATOCERA Tipulomorpha ) medius ) lanceolatus Starý, 1976 Starý, ) flagellatus Starý, 1976 Starý, ) directidens Tonnoir, 1920 Tonnoir, ) curvatus Starý, 1978 Starý, ) aduncus ) brevihamatus (Staeger, 1840) (Staeger, ) appendiculatus ) stary ) hybrida ( Austrolimnophila ( Brachylimnophila ( Epiphragma ( Molophilus ( Molophilus ( Molophilus (Starý, 1974) (Starý, ) alexanderi ( Macrolabina ( Symplecta Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Empeda Cheilotrichia (Kuntze,1914) symplectoides Erioconopa 1818) (Meigen, trivialis Erioconopa 1804) (Meigen, maculata Ilisia ) lutea ( Erioptera Erioptera Meigen, 1838 Meigen, ) griseipennis ( Erioptera Erioptera Neolimnomyia Phylidorea (Loew, 1871) (Loew, mundata Eloeophila (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, maculata Eloeophila Epiphragma (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, ) transversa ( Dactylolabis Dactylolabis Molophilus Molophilus Symplecta Starý, 1976 Starý, balcanica Scleroprocta (Schummel, 1829) (Schummel, flava Gonempeda ) sepium ( Pseudolimnophila Pseudolimnophila (Egger, 1863) (Egger, hospes Prionolabis (Meigen,1818) fuscipennis Pilaria Taxa Austrolimnophila

220 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 221 87 87 87 87 87 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 86, 87 86, 87 86, 87 86, 87 86, 107 86; 110 86, 109 86, 87, 107 References VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VIII VIII VIII VIII VI, IX V-VIII VI-VII VIII-IX VIII-IX VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e e e e e e e e h h tp eit wp wp cse ean ena ena Ebs Ebg ewca e, ? csee, cse, ? e cse, ? e cse, ? e ? mwca Zoogeo ­ graphical 1000 1700 1000 1400 2000 2000 1810 1000 1200 2000 2000 2000 1000 900-1200 900-2000 1000-1850 1400-1800 1700-2000 1200-1900 1230-1350 1230-1350 1000-1350 1230-1350 1700-2400 1230-2000 1230-1350 1300-1900 1230-1350 1200-1700 2000-2200 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution 8 5 8 4 8 6 8 Table 2. Continued Table 71 71 47 47 47 71 71 47 71 47 14 5, 8 5, 6 4, 6 5, 6 5, 71 8, 47 13, 47 22, 71 6, 9, 22 2, 4, 71 13, 47, 71 6, 15, 46, 49 Localities Pirin of (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, Starý, 1971 Starý, Lackschewitz, 1940 (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, (Lackschewitz, 1940) ) priapoides (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ) ochraceus ) obsoletus (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ) obscurus (Egger, 1863) (Egger, ) propinqueus (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ) tenella Meijere, 1920 Meijere, ) lucidula Barnes, 1924 ) conoviensis (Mik, 1883) (Mik, ) alpigena Alexander, 1953 Alexander, ) staegeriana Starý, 1971 Starý, ) pirinensis ) bifida (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, ) fascipennis (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) vitripennis ( Gonomyia ( Gonomyia ( Gonomyia ( Ormosia ( Ormosia ( Ormosia ( Ormosia ( Antocha ( Orimargula Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Taxa Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Ormosia Ormosia Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Ormosia Ormosia (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, haemorrhoidalis Rhypholophus Goetghebuer, 1920 Goetghebuer, bifurcatus Rhypholophus Antocha (Walker, 1848) (Walker, remota Lipsothrix Gonomyia 1856) (Loew, ) pulchripennis ( Idiocera Idiocera 1848) (Walker, errans Lipsothrix Lackschewitz, 1925 ) edwardsi ( Teuchogonomyia Gonomyia Gonomyia Kolenati, 1860 Kolenati, phryganopterus Rhypholophus Antocha Gonomyia Starý, 1972 Starý, paralivescens Dicranoptycha Loew, 1871 Loew, livescens Dicranoptycha (Schummel, 1829) (Schummel, fuscescens Dicranoptycha (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, cinerascens Dicranoptycha ) mitis ( Dicranomyia Dicranomyia (Strobl, 1901) (Strobl, ) conchifera ( Dicranomyia Dicranomyia ) chorea ( Dicranomyia Dicranomyia (Zetterstedt, 1851) (Zetterstedt, ) juvenilis ( Orimarga Orimarga (Walker, 1848) (Walker, ) attenuata ( Orimarga Orimarga

221 222 Zdravko Hubenov 8 8 8 8 8 8 87 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 86 87 86, 87 87, 96 86, 87 86, 109 86, 109 86, 87, 109 86, 87, 109 86, 87, 109 References VI VI VI VI VI VI VIII VIII VIII IV-X V-IX V-VI V-VI V-VI IV-XI V, VIII V, VI-VII VI-VII VIII-IX VIII-IX VI-VIII VI-VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII Fenology V-VI, VIII V-VI, e e e e e e e h h h po ho po wp cse em ena ean wes ? eit ? wp hoes hoes hoes wces eswa cse, ? e Zoogeo ­ graphical 1740 1740 1740 1200 2000 1000 1740 1750 1740 1740 2000 1200-1700 1230-1810 1900-2000 1300-1800 1300-1800 1230-1350 1600-1700 1300-1800 1250-2300 1230-1350 1230-1350 1900-2200 1600-2000 1230-1810 1200-1950 1230-1350 Vertical (m) Vertical 6 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 15 NP Distribution 6 8 5 Table 2. Continued Table 75 75 75 71 71 75 12 75 47 47 47 75 71 47 5, 47 4, 47 2, 47 2, 14 5, 13 6, 70 47, 13 13, 47 5, 15, 47 4, 13, 47 Localities Pirin of Edwards, 1926 Edwards, (Lackschewitz, 1941) (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, Loew, 1871 Loew, (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, (Zetterstedt, 1852) (Zetterstedt, (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, Madarassy, 1881 Madarassy, ) caledonica Pediciidae / 6 Pediciidae ) fusca Bibionomorpha ) trilineata (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, ) immaculata ) livida (Linnaeus, 1758) Mycetophilidae / 18 Mycetophilidae (Walker, 1856) (Walker, ) tenuis ) flavicollis ) marginata (Macquart, 1826) (Macquart, ) cinerascens Meigen, 1818 Meigen, ) maculata (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) occulta ( Tricyphona ( Tricyphona ( Mycomyopsis ( Mycomya ( Mycomya ( Mycomya ( Mycomya ( Rhipidia (Walker, 1856) (Walker, plana Boletina Mycomya (Schummel, 1829) (Schummel, macrostigma Limonia (Strobl, 1898) (Strobl, hercegovinae Limonia (Fabricius, 1787) (Fabricius, flavipes Limonia Mycomya Meigen, 1804 Meigen, nubeculosa Limonia (Schummel, 1829) (Schummel, nigropunctata Limonia ( NumantiaDicranomyia (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, dumetorum Neolimonia (Schummel, 1829) (Schummel, sylvicola Limonia 1895) (Strobl, taurica Limonia (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, stigma Limonia (Schrank, 1781) phragmitidis Limonia (Kowarz, 1868) (Kowarz, pannonica Limonia Taxa ) signata ( Dicranomyia Dicranomyia ( Melanolimonia Dicranomyia Mycomya ) rivosa ( Pedicia Pedicia Tricyphona Mycomya (Edwards, 1921) (Edwards, ) lucidipennis ( Ludicia Dicranota ( AmalopisPedicia Rhipidia ) subtilis ( Paradicranota Dicranota Tricyphona Mycomya

222 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 223 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6, 8 6, 7 6, 7 6, 7 6, 7 6, 7 6, 7 5, 7 6, 7 6, 7 6, 7 6, 7 6, 7 6, 7 References VI VII V-X V-X V-X VIII VIII IV-X V-XI V-IX V-VI IV-IX IV-XI V-VII V-VII V-VII VI-IX VI-IX IV-VII IV-VII V-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII V-VI, XI V-VI, V, VII-XI V, Fenology e e e e e e e h h h tp tp tp des des des des des wes wes hoes hoes hoes wces wces Zoogeo ­ graphical 500 650 550 1740 2000 2000 2000 1142 1142 2000 1142 1740 1740 1430 2000 1740 2000 1740 2000 1740 1740 1740-1800 1740-1800 1700-1820 1700-1820 Vertical (m) Vertical 1 4 4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 29 NP Distribution 5 Table 2. Continued Table 76 75 20 20 20 50 50 20 50 75 75 48 20 30 55 75 76 20 75 20 56 75 75 5, 76 Localities Pirin of Tollet, 1948 Tollet, Edwards, 1913 Edwards, Landrock, 1912 Landrock, Keroplatidae / 3 Keroplatidae Macroceridae / 4 Diadocidiidae / 1 Bolitophilidae / 5 Bolitophilidae Cecidomyiidae / 54 (Curtis, 1836) (Curtis, ) saundersii Meigen, 1818 Meigen, ) cinerea Landrock, 1912 Landrock, ) pseudohybrida ( Cliopisa ( Bolitophila ( Bolitophila ) rossica ( Cliopisa ) occlusa ( Cliopisa Taxa Staeger, 1840 Staeger, sciarina Boletina Winnertz, 1863 Winnertz, marginata Mycetophila Landrock, 1911 Landrock, czizekii Mycetophila Dziedzicki, 1884 Dziedzicki, confluens Mycetophila Meigen, 1830 Meigen, rufa Sciophila 1804) (Meigen, bimaculata Leia 1863 Winnertz, blanda Mycetophila Macquart, 1826 Macquart, lutea Sciophila (Zetterstedt, 1852) (Zetterstedt, guttiventris Polylepta (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, nitidicollis Acnemia (Lundström, 1911) (Lundström, tristis Orfelia ) spinosula ( Diadocidia Diadocidia (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, nemoralis Orfelia Bolitophila Bolitophila Bolitophila (Dziedzicki, 1884) (Dziedzicki, stylata Mycetophila Walker, 1848 Walker, ocellus Mycetophila Meigen, 1818 Meigen, centralis Macrocera (Zetterstedt, 1855) (Zetterstedt, zonata Pyratula Bolitophila Bolitophila Loew, 1869 Loew, inversa Macrocera Lundström, 1914 Lundström, parva Macrocera Edwards, 1925 Edwards, stigmoides Macrocera

223 224 Zdravko Hubenov 98 98 98 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 98, 104 References VI VI VI VI VI VI VI V-IX V-IX V-IX V-VI IV-VI VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI, IX VI, IX V-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology VI, VIII, X e e e e e e e e e e e h h tp tp dp dp dp dp cse cse des des des des ena ena ena ena csee Zoogeo ­ graphical 850 850 850 980 850 450 980 1100 1100 1300 1100 1000 1300 1300 350-850 850-1300 850-1300 980-1000 980-1000 900-1100 980-1100 980-1300 1500-2500 1100-1300 1100-1300 1000-1100 1100-1300 1100-1300 1000-1300 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution 8 8 8 8 8 Table 2. Continued Table 23 23 23 51 11 51 10 10 51 23 41 10 10 34 8, 51 8, 51 8, 10 23, 34 10, 51 10, 51 10, 51 9, 10, 50 10, 23, 50 10, 23, 50 8, 23, 50, 71 Localities Pirin of (Vallot, 1829) eryngii (Vallot, Lasioptera Taxa 847) (Bremi, capitigena Bayeriola (Löw, 1875) (Löw, asperulae Dasineura 1853) (Winnertz, crataegi Dasineura (Kieffer, 1888) (Kieffer, thymicola Bayeriola 1888) (Kieffer, taraxaci Cystiphora 1880) (Löw, galiicola Dasineura (Kieffer, 1889) (Kieffer, filicina Dasineura 1848) (Bremi, hyperici Dasineura (Vallot, 1827) (Vallot, veronicae Jaapiella (Loew, 1850) (Loew, plicatrix Dasineura 1885) (Wachtl, potentillae Dasineura (Rübsaamen, 1917) (Rübsaamen, schulzei Dasineura (Schrank, 1803) sisymbrii Dasineura 1847) (Bremi, tortilis Dasineura 1853) (Winnertz, capreae Iteomyia 1847) (Bouche, bryoniae Jaapiella 1909) (Kieffer, cucubali Jaapiella (Löw, 1877) (Löw, tortrix Dasineura 1874) (Löw, trifolii Dasineura 1847) (Bremi, ulmaria Dasineura 1840) (Perris, urticae Dasineura 1850) (Loew, heterobia Rabdophaga 1850) (Loew, Geocrypta galii 1839) (Hartig, annulipes Hartigiola (Dufour, 1841) (Dufour, saliciperda Rabdophaga (Schrank, 1803) salicis Rabdophaga 1850) (Loew, terminalis Rabdophaga 1861) (Giraud, circinans Dryomyia (Kieffer, 1888) (Kieffer, thomasiana Dasineura

224 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 225 3 84 84 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 98, 104 98, 104 98, 104 References VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI V-IX VI-X V-VII VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI, IX VI, IX IV-XII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e h h h h h des des ena ena ean wes wes Zoogeo ­ graphical 980 500 980 850 980 850 980 1100 1100 1100 1100 1950 1300 1100 1300 1000 1300 1100 850-1300 850-1300 850-1100 850-1100 850-1300 850-1300 850-1100 1200-1400 1100-1300 Vertical (m) Vertical 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution 8 8 8 8 8 Table 2. Continued Table 51 51 51 51 70 33 10 51 23 10 23 10 51 51 6, 48 10, 23 10, 23 10, 23 10, 23 10, 23 10, 23 9, 10, 50 Localities Pirin of (Fabricius, 1787) (Fabricius, (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) rufipes Simuliidae / 10 Culicomorpha Ptychopteridae / 1 Ptychopteridae ( Prosimulium Grenier et Dorier, 1959 et Dorier, Grenier ) bertrandi ( Nevermannia (Linnaeus, 1758) juniperinus Oligotrophus (Kieffer, 1901) (Kieffer, fagicola Phegomyia 1839) (Hartig, fagi Mikiola (Kieffer, 1898) (Kieffer, panteli Oligotrophus (Liebel, 1889) stallariae Macrolabis (Winnertz, 1853) (Winnertz, betulae Semudobia 1977 Roskam, skuhravae Semudobia 1850) (Hardy, rosarum Wachtliella 1847) (Bremi, stachydis Wachtliella 1874) (Löw, carpini Zygiobia Simulium Prosimulium Rübsaamen, 1916 Rübsaamen, lamii Macrolabis Frauenfeld, 1873 cytisi Frauenfeld, Asphondylia 1917 Rübsaamen, carpinicola Aschistonyx (Rübsaamen, 1912) (Rübsaamen, medicaginis Fabomya ) albimana ( Ptychoptera Ptychoptera Taxa 1888) (Kieffer, thymi Janetiella Kaltenbach, 1862 Kaltenbach, heraclei Macrolabis 1853) (Winnertz, coniophaga Mycodiplosis Barnes, 1927 saundersi Mycodiplosis 1872 Kaltenbach, pruni Putoniella (Löw, 1877) (Löw, anthobia Contarinia 1931) (Prell, baeri Contarinia Rübsaamen, 1921 Rübsaamen, fagi Contarinia 1888) (Kieffer, nasturtii Contarinia 1888) (Löw, quinquenotata Contarinia

225 226 Zdravko Hubenov 1 1 97 97 47 97 97 97 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 116 References VI VI VII V-X IV-X V-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII IV-VII VI-VII IV-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII IV, VI, X IV, Fenology V-VI, VIII V-VI, e e e e e e h h h h h tp pa ho ho ho wp cse ena ena ? tp hno hno csena tp, ? h tp, Zoogeo ­ graphical 700 450 1950 1142 2365 2240 1950 2000 2060 300-400 700-750 300-1000 700-1300 2020-2394 2020-2394 2020-2394 2020-2365 2020-2394 2020-2365 1140-1950 1140-1950 2020-2365 1140-1950 2090-2190 Vertical (m) Vertical 3 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 12 NP Distribution 1 7 2 Table 2. Continued Table 26 26 70 26 50 58 41 26 74 16 70 44 29 38 1, 26 1, 26 1, 26 50, 70 50, 70 50, 70 8, 34, 58 6, 32, 74 Localities Pirin of (Nawicki, 1873) (Nawicki, (Kieffer, 1913) (Kieffer, ) defectus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serban, 1958) Meigen, 1804 Meigen, Edwards, 1915 Edwards, Goetghebuer, 1927 Goetghebuer, (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, Goetghebuer 1920 Meigen, 1804 Meigen, Stratiomyidae / 12 Stratiomyidae Chironomidae / 13 Chironomidae ) angustipes Ceratopogonidae / 1 (Kieffer, 1911) (Kieffer, ) algarum ) annulator ) latipes Stratiomyomorpha ) sylvestris Strobl, 1898 Strobl, ) argenteostriatum Dorier et Grenier, 1959 Dorier et Grenier, ) degrangei Knoz, 1961 Knoz, ) maximum ( Cryptochironomus BRACHYCERA ORTHORRHAPHA ( Isocladius ( Cricotopus ( Cricotopus ( Simulium ( Simulium ( Eusimulium ) codreanui ( Nevermannia (Knoz, 1961) (Knoz, ) carpathicum ( Nevermannia ( Simulium (Rubzov, 1959) (Rubzov, ) cryophilum ( Nevermannia ( Hellichiella (Walker, 1856) (Walker, notescens Micropsectra (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, pictulus Stictochironomus 1931 Goetghebuer, lindrothi Micropsectra (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, formosa Chloromyia 1834) (Macquart, speciosa Chloromyia (Forster, 1771) (Forster, Beris chalybata ) plumosus ( Chironomus Chironomus ) riparius ( Chironomus Chironomus Cryptochironomus Cricotopus 1856) ) effusus (Walker, ( Rheocricotopus Rheocricotopus Cricotopus Cricotopus (Zetterstedt, 1850) (Zetterstedt, lucens Acricotopus ) branickii ( Pseudodiamesa Pseudodiamesa (Kieffer, 1918) (Kieffer, curticalcar Larsia Simulium ) bilineata ( Dasyhelea Dasyhelea Simulium Simulium Simulium Taxa Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium

226 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 227 1 1 1 1 1 1 42 40 42 65 65 38a 103 105 103 105 105 103 105 105 105 105 105 100 42, 49 References VI VI VI VII VII V-VI V-VI V-VI V-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VII VI-VII IV-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e e e tp tp po cse des wes wes ban ban wcp esca hom eswa ? cseit ? wces ? csean ? cseeit Zoogeo ­ eit, ? cseit eit, graphical 1000 1000 1500 1200 1500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 300-400 350-450 300-500 300-400 350-450 300-400 350-450 300-400 900-1000 300-1000 1000-1200 1700-1800 1000-1100 2000-2500 ? Vertical (m) Vertical 7 3 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 10 NP Distribution 8 9 8 8 5 9 8 8 8 8 8 Table 2. Continued Table 58 34 58 34 58 10 41 10 34 58 41 2, 72 33, 58 8, 34, 58 Localities Pirin of Loew, 1858 Loew, Asilidae / 11 Tabanidae / 5 Tabanidae Acroceridae / 1 Acroceridae Rhagionidae / 8 Tabanomorpha (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, Taxa (Linnaeus, 1758) hydroleon Odontomyia Olivier, 1812 Olivier, nigricornis Oxycera (Linnaeus, 1758) trilineata Oxycera 1869) (Löw, pullus Chrysopilus (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, cristatus Chrysopilus (Linnaeus, 1758) chamaeleon Stratiomys 1798) (Panzer, atra Pachygaster 1820) (Meigen, splendidus Chrysopilus 1804 Meigen, conspicuus Rhagio (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, viridula Oplodontha (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, auripila Hybomitra villosaLasiopa (Macquart, 1838) (Macquart, ruficornis Stratiomys 1849) (Walker, balius Lasiopa 1794 Fabricius, lineola Rhagio 1820) (Meigen, aterrina Hybomitra (Linnaeus, 1758) scolopaceus Rhagio (Linnaeus, 1758) tringarius Rhagio (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, aprica Philipomyia Meigen, 1820 Meigen, spodopterus Tabanus ) hamatus ( Petersenichrysops Chrysops (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, vitripennis Rhagio Chvala, 1980 Chvala, ) lautereri ( Ogcodes Ogcodes (Linnaeus, 1758) flava Laphria (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, fuliginosa Choerades

227 228 Zdravko Hubenov 65 65 65 65 48 48 26 26 65 65 65 66 48 77 27 99 27 27 27 39 12 25 39 115 65, 66 References V VI VI IV VI VI VII VII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII V-VII V-VII V-VII V-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e e e e e tp Er dp Eb cse eca ppt wes wes Ebg hoes hom wces e, csee, csean e, ? csee, Zoogeo ­ graphical 1810 2500 1000 1000 1000 1810 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 2200 2000 300-400 900-1000 1950-2230 1230-1900 1800-2200 2000-2200 1600-2200 2020-2394 Vertical (m) Vertical 6 6 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution 4 8 8 8 8 4 8 8 8 8 8 Table 2. Continued Table 72 58 41 41 38 38 26 41 41 15, 47 37, 38 4, 36, 70 37, 38, 70 37, 38, 54, 71 Localities Pirin of (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, (Zetterstedt, 1849) (Zetterstedt, ) simplex ) morio Aschiza Hybotidae / 3 Hybotidae Empididae / 7 Loew, 1867 Loew, Dolichopodidae / 6 BRACHYCERA CYCLORRHAPHA BRACHYCERA Oldenberg, 1927 Oldenberg, ) trigemina ( Holoclera ( Rhamphomyia ) prodromus ( Empis Lundbeck, 1910 Lundbeck, discoidalis Hilara (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, albiceps Philonicus (Gerstaecker, 1862) (Gerstaecker, impudicus Neoitamus (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, caliginosus Machimus Rhamphomyia Rhamphomyia ( Pararhamphomyia Rhamphomyia Rhamphomyia Straka, 1976 Straka, setipes Hilara Empis (Loew, 1854) (Loew, stylifer Dysmachus (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, pictipes Didysmachus (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, brevirostris Leptarthrus (Linnaeus, 1767) teutonus Molobratia (Loew, 1847) (Loew, fasciculatus Pycnopogon (Linnaeus, 1758) oelandica Dioctria Taxa (Loew, 1869) (Loew, dimidiata Phaeobalia (Meigen, 1829) (Meigen, maculipes Platypalpus Parent, 1920 Parent, pyrenaicus Dolichopus Negrobov & Kechev, 2010 & Kechev, Negrobov beschovskii Dolichopus (Loew, 1857) (Loew, labiatus Hercostomus 1973 Negrobov, albipalpus Dolichopus (Loew, 1857) (Loew, fugax Hercostomus (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, balticus Hydrophorus (Frey, 1913) (Frey, humilis Crossopalpus (Fallén, 1816) (Fallén, nigritarsis Platypalpus

228 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 229 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 89 89 89 89 28 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 88a 11, 88 28, 89 28, 89 References IX VI VI VI VI VII V-X V-X IV-X IV-X V-VI V-VI VI-X IV-IX VI-IX III-XII VII-IX V, VIII V, VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology e e e e e e e e e h h h h et tp ho ho ho ho ho ho des ean ppta hom Zoogeo ­ ena, ? wp ena, graphical des, ? wces 650 2270 1648 1500 1500 1000 1000 1500 1000 1500 1000 300-400 400-950 300-400 300-400 400-950 400-1900 300-1750 300-1000 450-2350 400-1400 1900-2000 1000-1500 1250-1900 1250-1430 Vertical (m) Vertical 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 38 NP Distribution 8 8 8 Table 2. Continued Table 61 49 58 14 41 41 41 41 41 41 55 60 58 58 60 23a 5, 60 8, 41 8, 58 6, 60 12, 58 15, 46 46, 48 5, 12, 33, 71 Localities Pirin of (Verrall, 1901) (Verrall, ) confusa (Verrall, 1901) (Verrall, ) incognita Phoridae / 2 Phoridae Syrphidae / 49 Pipunculidae / 14 ( Dorylomorpha ( Dorylomyia Taxa (Schmitz, 1918) (Schmitz, antricola Triphleba Schmitz, 1950 Schmitz, franzi Aenigmatias (Zetterstedt, 1844) fusculus (Zetterstedt, Eudorylas (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, aucta Verrallia (Kertész, 1907) (Kertész, coquilletti Tomosvaryella (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, ruralis Eudorylas (Collin, 1952) malinellus Parasyrphus (Linnaeus, 1758) pyrastri Scaeva (Linnaeus, 1758) scripta Sphaerophoria (Linnaeus, 1758) ribesii Syrphus (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, lineolus Parasyrphus (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, cinctella Meliscaeva 1838) (Zetterstedt, lapponicus Eupeodes 1794) (Fabricius, corollae Eupeodes 1822) (Meigen, luniger Eupeodes 1843) (Zetterstedt, nitens Eupeodes (Harris, 1780) (Harris, eligans Epistrophe (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, sylvatica Tomosvaryella (Becker, 1898) (Becker, nutata Tomosvaryella (Aczél, 1944) (Aczél, kuthyi Tomosvaryella Dorylomorpha Dorylomorpha 1824) (Meigen, geniculataq Tomosvaryella (Becker, 1897) (Becker, horridus Dasydorylas (Collin, 1956) zonellus Eudorylas (Thompson, 1869) (Thompson, terminalis Eudorylas Collin, 1956 subterminalis Eudorylas

229 230 Zdravko Hubenov 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 41 References V V V VI VI VI VI VII V-X V-X V-X IV-X IV-X V-VI V-VI V-VI V-VI V-VI V-VI V-VI V-VII V-VII IV-VI IV-VI V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology e e e e h h h h h tp ho ho ho ho po cse des wes Ebg wcp wcp esca hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes wces wces e, ? csee, Zoogeo ­ graphical 1500 1500 1500 1800 1810 1500 1800 1500 1500 1800 1810 1800 1800 1500 1500 1500 1500 900-1000 900-1000 900-1000 300-1800 300-1800 1500-2000 1200-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution 5 5 8 6 8 4 4 9 5 8 9 5 5 4 5 Table 2. Continued Table 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 4, 58 5, 58 Localities Pirin of (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, mutabilis Cheilosia Egger, 1860 Egger, montana Cheilosia (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, flavipes Cheilosia 1857 Loew, frontalis Cheilosia 1857 Loew, gagatea Cheilosia 1840 Loew, impressa Cheilosia Egger, 1860 Egger, carbonaria Cheilosia (Fabricius, 1805) (Fabricius, virens Pipizella 1817) (Fallén, scaevoides Chamaesyrphus 1822) (Meigen, albitarsis Cheilosia 1822) (Meigen, antiqua Cheilosia 1942) (Delkeskamp, bureschi Cheilosia (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, scutatus Platycheirus 1817) (Fallén, tibialis Paragus 1955) & Pschorn-Walcher, (Delucchi pubescens Heringia Loew, 1841 Loew, vernale Chrysotoxum (Linnaeus, 1758) mellinum Melanostoma 1781) (Fabricius, albimanus Platycheirus Loew, 1840 Loew, velutina Cheilosia 1817) (Fallén, vernalis Cheilosia Becker, 1894 Becker, sahlbergi Cheilosia (Verrall, 1871) (Verrall, nebulosa Cheilosia 1843) (Zetterstedt, proxima Cheilosia 1838) (Zetterstedt, pubera Cheilosia 1822) (Meigen, ruralis Cheilosia Meigen, 1822 Meigen, vitripennis Syrphus 1775) (Fabricius, elongata Baccha (Linnaeus, 1758) festivum Chrysotoxum Osten-Sacken, 1875 torvusSyrphus Osten-Sacken, Taxa (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, variabilis Cheilosia

230 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 231 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 44 54 19 45 45 19 18 19 19 18 18 17 18 19 18 References V VII V-X IV-X IV-X V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-VI V-VI VI-X VI-X V-VII V-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VII IV-VIII Fenology e e h h tp tp tp tp tp tp sk ho ho ena ? tp Ebg wcp esca esca hoes eswa mwca tp, ? hop tp, ? hop tp, Zoogeo ­ graphical 1000 1000 1800 1800 1800 300-400 300-400 300-400 350-450 350-700 350-450 350-650 300-650 900-1000 350-2350 900-1000 300-2200 600-1000 350-2200 1000-1500 1000-1500 1000-1600 1800-2200 Vertical (m) Vertical 1 4 1 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution 8 8 9 8 4 4 4 8 Table 2. Continued Table 10 10 58 58 58 34 34 27 64 4, 37 27, 34 34, 55 3, 34, 55 33, 34, 58 4, 38, 58, 71 34, 36, 38, 56 Localities Pirin of (Loew, 1858) (Loew, Tanasijtshuk, 1958 Tanasijtshuk, Acalyptrata Conopidae / 2 Piophilidae / 1 Tephritidae / 2 Tephritidae Schizophora ) coronata Chamaemyiidae / 12 ( Euestelia (Linnaeus, 1758) viduata Pipizella Taxa 1781) (Fabricius, metalina Lejogaster 1822) (Meigen, tarsata Lejogaster 1822 Meigen, ruficornis Merodon (Linnaeus, 1758) arbustorum Eristalis (Linnaeus, 1758) florea Myathropa (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pusilla Physocephala (Linnaeus, 1758) mutabilis Microdon (Linnaeus, 1758) pipiens Syritta (Linnaeus, 1758) buccata Myopa Tanasijtshuk, 1970 Tanasijtshuk, aestiva Chamaemyia (Wiedemann, 1817) (Wiedemann, nebulosa Oxyna Parochthiphilla (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, varipes Liopiophila (Rossi, 1790) (Rossi, coryli Aciura (Fallén, 1823) (Fallén, aridella Chamaemyia Tanasijtshuk, 1961 Tanasijtshuk, ) pseudomelanopus ( Leucopis Leucopis Tanasijtshuk, 1958 Tanasijtshuk, ) gliphinivora ( Leucopis Leucopis (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, polystigma Chamaemyia 1970 Tanasijtshuk, subjuncorum Chamaemyia (Fallén, 1823) (Fallén, juncorum Chamaemyia Beschovski, 1994 Beschovski, bicolor Chamaemyia ) atritarsis ( Leucopis Leucopis Rondani, 1847 Rondani, ) aphidiperda ( Leucopis Leucopis

231 232 Zdravko Hubenov 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 38 19 54 20 20 29 29 29 20 20 20 References V-X V-X VIII V-IX V-XI IV-X V-IX VI-X V-VII VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e e e e h h h h h h tp ho po Eb wp ena csee csee esca wpo e, ? h e, Zoogeo ­ graphical 2000 1800 1800 2000 2000 2000 350-450 300-450 350-450 900-1000 900-1000 900-1000 900-1000 900-1000 900-1000 900-1000 300-1800 900-1000 900-1000 900-1000 900-1000 900-1000 450-1800 1800-2700 1800-2575 Vertical (m) Vertical 1 2 5 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 15 NP Distribution 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 8 4 8 8 8 8 8 5 5 Table 2. Continued Table 71 34 71 34 4, 33 34, 58 5, 8, 34, 58 5, 7, 9, 67, 77 Localities Pirin of 3, 4, 37, 38, 66, 70, 72 (Hendel, 1920) (Hendel, Sepsidae / 1 Carnidae / 5 Milichiidae / 4 Opomyzidae / 3 Agromyzidae / 15 Agromyzidae Groschke, 1957 Groschke, alpina Phytomyza 1971 Spencer, artemisivora Phytomyza 1856) (Kaltenbach, chaerophylli Phytomyza 1920 Hendel, conyzae Phytomyza 1823 Fallén, obscurella Phytomyza 1924 Hering, petoei Phytomyza (Kaltenbach, 1873) (Kaltenbach, eupatorii Liriomyza 1973 Spencer, europaea Pseudonapomyza Taxa Tanasijtshuk, 1970 Tanasijtshuk, ) revisenda ( Leucopis Leucopis 1826 Meigen, fulgens Sepsis (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, florum Opomyza (Hering, 1924) (Hering, saxifragae Chromatomyia (Hering, 1924) (Hering, salviae Phytomyza 1925 Hendel, tussilaginis Phytomyza Spencer, 1963 Spencer, lithospermi Agromyza 1823 Fallén, reptans Agromyza 1848) (Zetterstedt, ) morionella ( Amauromyza Amauromyza ) labiatarum ( Cephalomyza Amauromyza Papp, 1981 Papp, flavifrons Meoneura Collin, 1930 flavifacies Meoneura Hennig, 1948 Hennig, alpina Meoneura Fallén, 1823 Fallén, tripunctata Geomyza (Linnaeus, 1758) germinationis Opomyza Hennig, 1972 Hennig, graeca Meoneura Becker, 1910 Becker, glaberrima Meoneura

232 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 233 20 20 20 20 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 22, 24 15, 24 22, 24 22, 24 22, 24 22, 24 22, 24 References V-X V-X V-X V-X VIII IV-X V-IX IV-X IV-X V-IX V-IX IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-IX IV-IX IV-IX V-VII V-VII V-VII III-VI IV-VII IV-VII V-VIII VII-IX IV-VIII VI-VIII Fenology e e e e e h h h ha eit ho Eb wp wp wes wes hop hop hop mca ? wp hoes hoes hom wces wces nemit hpta, k hpta, Zoogeo ­ graphical 1230 1800 350-450 350-650 350-650 350-450 350-500 500-700 450-650 600-1000 800-1000 600-1100 600-1200 600-1800 350-1150 850-1100 300-2700 300-2700 700-2500 350-1000 600-2500 300-2100 600-2700 1000-1200 1000-1100 1000-1250 1000-2200 1000-1740 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 48 NP Distribution 4 Table 2. Continued Table 34 53 27 59 34 18 33 8, 34 34, 55 34, 55 51, 53 46, 51 34, 57 53, 69 51, 53 67, 71 Predel 8, 27, 53 7, 34, 58 27, 51, 53 58, 70, 72 27, 70, 72 5, 28, 50, 53 5, 28, 51, 53, 62 27, 34, 51, 53, 57 Localities Pirin of 53, 57, 62, 66, 69, 70, 72, 77 4, 7, 9, 28, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 50, 5, 7, 28, 37, 50, 53, 55, 59, 70, 72 5, 9, 27, 35, 37, 38, 42, 50, 53, 54, Becker, 1910 Becker, (Meigen, 1838) (Meigen, (Loew, 1866) (Loew, (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, (Haliday, 1838) (Haliday, Chloropidae / 72 (Linnaeus, 1758) Nartshuk, 1978 Nartshuk, fedtschenkoi Rhodesiella Fallén, 1820 Fallén, glabra Madiza Becker, 1903 Becker, rufifrons Leptometopa (Strobl, 1900) (Strobl, niveipennis Leptometopa Taxa (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, sordida Desmometopa Beschovski, 1980 Beschovski, submediterranea Elachiptera Collin, 1948 femorellum Aphanotrigonum 1820) (Fallén, cornuta Elachiptera ) nigropilosus ( Dicraeus Dicraeus ) raptus ( Dicraeus Dicraeus ) tibialis ( Dicraeus Dicraeus (Corti, 1909) tuberculifera Elachiptera Dely-Draskovits, 1981 Dely-Draskovits, parahastatum Aphanotrigonum Schiner, 1854 Schiner, similis Lipara (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, albipalpis Incertella (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, trilineatum Aphanotrigonum ) ingratus ( Dicraeus Dicraeus (Duda, 1933) trigonella Microcercis (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, frontella Conioscinella Balachovsky & Mesnil, 1935 & Mesnil, Balachovsky ) alopecuri ( Oscinella Oscinella ) frit ( Oscinella Oscinella Collin, 1946 ) cariciphila ( Oscinella Oscinella (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, ) nigerrima ( Oscinella Oscinella ) maura ( Oscinella Oscinella ) nitidissima ( Oscinella Oscinella 1955 Nartshuk, ) phlei ( Oscinella Oscinella ) pusilla ( Oscinella Oscinella (Curtis, 1845) (Curtis, ) vastator ( Oscinella Oscinella

233 234 Zdravko Hubenov 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 22, 24 16, 24 14, 24 References V V-X V-X V-X V-X V-X V-X IV-X V-IX V-IX IV-X VI-X VI-X VI-X IV-IX VII-X VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII IV-VII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VII VI-VII V- VIII V- VI-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e h h h se tp po wp eca wes hop csee esca hoes hoes wces wces wces wces wces wces eswa des ? ewca wes ? wes wces ? wces Zoogeo ­ graphical 350 2200 1900 300-650 300-650 300-400 350-500 350-500 350-500 300-1000 350-2000 300-1230 300-1200 350-1000 300-1400 900-1600 450-1200 300-1230 900-1000 350-1200 700-1800 600-1400 1000-1200 1000-1200 1000-1430 1140-2500 1230-2350 1000-2000 1000-1430 1000-1900 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution 8 Table 2. Continued Table 71 53 58 34 43 8, 5 8, 48 9, 53 8, 48 33, 58 33, 58 50, 53 34, 57 34, 57 34, 57 3, 5, 59 8, 34, 57 8, 53, 65 51, 53, 58 27, 48, 53 4, 8, 19, 50 8, 34, 53, 58 34, 47, 56, 58 34, 51, 53, 56 5, 8, 42, 51, 71 5, 34, 51, 53, 57 4, 38, 50, 66, 69 8, 48, 50, 53, 58 19, 33, 50, 58, 59 Localities Pirin of Fedoseeva, 1974 Meigen, 1830 Meigen, Meigen, 1830 Meigen, Becker, 1910 Becker, (Loew, 1866) (Loew, Meigen, 1830 Meigen, (Meigen, 1838) (Meigen, pygmaea Trachysiphonella (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, anthracinum Rhopalopterum (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, ruficornis Polyodaspis (Strobl, 1903) (Strobl, sordidissima Oscinimorpha (Strobl, 1900) (Strobl, minutissima Oscinimorpha (Duda, 1932) arcuata Oscinimorpha Taxa Nartshuk, 1955 Nartshuk, ) ventricosi ( Oscinella Oscinella Loew, 1866 Loew, ) ringens ( Chlorops Chlorops ) scalaris ( Chlorops Chlorops 1830 Meigen, ) speciosus ( Chlorops Chlorops (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) elongatum ( Cetema Cetema (Loew, 1858) (Loew, ) humeralis ( Nartshukiella Tricimba (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) cincta ( Nartshukiella Tricimba von Roser, 1840 Roser, von scutellata Trachysiphonella (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, ruficeps Trachysiphonella Fedoseeva, 1962 ) bohemica ( Meromyza Meromyza Duda, 1933 italicus Elachiptereicus (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, messoria Diplotoxa (Zetterstedt, 1848) (Zetterstedt, ) troglodytes ( Chlorops Chlorops ) finitimus ( Chlorops Chlorops 1830 Meigen, ) geminatus ( Chlorops Chlorops 1866 Loew, ) meigenii ( Chlorops Chlorops ) calceatus ( Chlorops Chlorops 1830 Meigen, ) fasciatus ( Chlorops Chlorops (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, ) cereris ( Cetema Cetema ) myopinum ( Cetema Cetema ) athletica ( Meromyza Meromyza (Guérin-Menéville, 1843) (Guérin-Menéville, herpini Lasiosina (Loew, 1866) (Loew, albipila Lasiosina ) hypostigma ( Chlorops Chlorops

234 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 235 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 12 24 12 24 24 24 24 24 21 30 23, 30 13, 21 23, 30 References V-X V-X V-X V-X VIII VIII IV-X IV-X IV-X V-IX IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X V-VI V-VII VII-X VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII VII-IX VI-VII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e h h h h dp wp pat pat des ppt wes hop wcp wces wces wces eswa eswa e, ? h e, e, ? csee, e, ? csee, Zoogeo ­ graphical 1500 1140 1600 1230 350-500 350-500 350-500 350-1450 600-2200 450-1800 950-1200 600-1000 950-2200 350-1140 350-1200 350-2200 300-2575 300-2000 600-2200 1000-1800 1000-1200 1000-1200 2020-2392 1100-1200 Vertical (m) Vertical 1 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 25 NP Distribution 5 5 Table 2. Continued Table 50 53 53 26 41 59 5, 58 34, 57 34, 57 34, 57 53, 27 51, 53 4, 8, 65 8, 51, 53 34, 50, 57 34, 53, 57 19, 34, 49, 57 4, 9, 19, 48, 53 2, 28, 48, 50, 53 5, 7, 31, 34, 53, 57 5, 7, 27, 38, 54, 59 Localities Pirin of 5, 7, 48, 51, 53, 58, 67 4, 7, 8, 48, 50, 51, 53, 59 Fedoseeva, 1960 Fedoseeva, 1960 Péterfi, 1961 Péterfi, Fedoseeva, 1960 Fedoseeva, 1962 Camillidae / 1 Diastatidae / 1 Diastatidae Ephydridae / 33 Ephydridae Sphaeroceridae / 2 Sphaeroceridae Andersson, 1966 Andersson, hallandica Thaumatomyia 1830) (Meigen, notata Thaumatomyia (Becker, 1910) (Becker, elongatula Thaumatomyia 1830) (Meigen, glabra Thaumatomyia Becker, 1910 Becker, thalhammeri Phyladelphus (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, longicornis Parectecephala (Becker, 1907) (Becker, sulcifrons Thaumatomyia (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, rufa Thaumatomyia ) triangulina ( Meromyza Meromyza ) zahvatkini ( Meromyza Meromyza (Linnaeus, 1761) ) saltatrix ( Meromyza Meromyza Fedoseeva, 1974 ) rohdendorfi ( Meromyza Meromyza Taxa Macquart, 1835 Macquart, ) femorata ( Meromyza Meromyza Strobl, 1910 Strobl, atrimana Camilla (Stenhammar, 1855) (Stenhammar, lutosa Rachispoda (Haliday, 1836) (Haliday, humida Pseudocollinella ) rufa ( Meromyza Meromyza ) pluriseta ( Meromyza Meromyza ) nigriseta ( Meromyza Meromyza 1835 Macquart, ) nigriventris ( Meromyza Meromyza Nartshuk, 2006 Nartshuk, ) meigeni ( Meromyza Meromyza (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, nitidula Psilopa Loew, 1860 Loew, obscuripes Psilopa Meigen, 1830 Meigen, costata Diastata (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, polita Psilopa

235 236 Zdravko Hubenov 31 33 23 33 23, 31 23, 31 23, 31 23, 31 23, 33 23, 33 23, 33 23, 33 23, 33 23, 32 23, 32 23, 32 23, 32 23, 32 23, 34 23, 34 23, 34 23, 34 23, 34 23, 34 23, 34 23, 34 23, 34 23, 34 23, 34 References V-X V-X V-X V-X IV-X V-IX IV-X IV-X V-IX IV-X IV-X V-IX IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-IX IV-IX IV-IX IV-IX V-VII VII-X V-VIII VIII-X IV-VIII IV-VIII IV-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e h h h h h h h h tp sk dp hn wp wp wp des ena hop hop wcp mca hnat hpta hnat hom nemit des, ? dp Zoogeo ­ graphical cse, ? csena 1230 1230 1230 1230 2500 1230 350-650 350-650 300-600 350-650 700-750 350-700 350-700 300-400 600-2500 700-1230 900-1000 600-2100 600-2320 900-1230 600-2500 600-2300 2200-2500 2000-2190 1000-1200 1000-2400 1000-1200 2200-2500 1000-2500 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution 8 Table 2. Continued Table 66 77 59 59 59 19 59 54 53 66 58 53 59 8, 59 34, 56 34, 55 58, 27 34, 55 19, 59 18, 34 18, 34 27, 66 37, 66 27, 71, 77 27, 37, 53 2, 9, 28, 53 5, 7, 38, 53, 71, 77 Localities Pirin of 4, 53, 54, 66, 69, 71, 77 4, 7, 8, 19, 28, 50, 53, 66, 69, 71, (Haliday, 1833) (Haliday, (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, ) coarctata Loew, 1860 Loew, ) cognata ) stagnalis ) fossarum ( Chaetoapnaea ( Parydra ( Parydra ( Scatella Meigen, 1838 Meigen, maura Hydrelia Taxa (Fallén, 1813) griseola (Fallén, Hydrelia Loew, 1856 Loew, venusta Notiphila Becker, 1926 Becker, graecula Notiphila Stenhammar, 1844 Stenhammar, nigricornis Notiphila Loew, 1873 Loew, nudiuscula Athyroglossa Becker, 1896 Becker, ordinata Athyroglossa (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, obscurella Dicrocerina (Loew, 1860) (Loew, laterale Allotrichoma (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, calceata Ditrichophora 1844) (Stenhammar, fuscella Ditrichophora (Collin, 1943) unispinosus Hecamedoides (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, picta Nostima (Curtis, 1832) (Curtis, spilota Ilythea (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, posticata Philygria (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, stictica Philygria (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, vittipennis Philygria 1813) (Fallén, guttata Hyadina Parydra Parydra Parydra (Stenhammar, 1844) (Stenhammar, caviceps Scatophila (Haliday, 1839) (Haliday, despecta Scatophila Becker, 1903 Becker, farinae Scatophila (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, quadrata Limnellia 1933 Hendel, bimaculata Lamproscatella 1833) (Haliday, sibilans Lamproscatella 1907) (Becker, unipunctata Lamproscatella Scatella

236 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 237 54 10 54 54 92 92 92 90 90 92 92 92 90 92 54 90 23, 34 54, 90 54, 92 54, 90 54, 90 54, 90 54, 90 54, 92 54, 92 References VII V-X V-X V-X V-X II-X IV-X IV-X IV-X III-X II-XI III-X VI-X VI-X IV-IX IV-IX IV-IX III-XI VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII VII-IX VI-VII VI-VII Fenology k k k h h h h tp tp ho ho ho ho hn wp hat des wes hop hno wcp hoes hoes hoes hptn Zoogeo ­ graphical 900 1810 1810 1810 1810 1200 1810 1810 1810 300-2300 600-2500 300-1810 300-2500 900-2000 300-2500 300-2500 200-1600 300-1200 300-2500 1500-2000 1200-2000 1300-1700 1500-2000 1810-2500 1000-1810 Vertical (m) Vertical 1 6 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 47 NP Distribution 4 5 4 4 4 5 9 8 4 4 4 Table 2. Continued Table 41 41 41 41 4, 58 4, 17 4, 53 53, 58 Localities Pirin of 8, 17, 23, 28, 34, 53, 58 4, 9, 17, 23, 27, 53, 58, 70 5, 27, 38, 53, 66, 69, 71, 77 9, 17, 23, 28, 34, 53, 58, 71 9, 17, 23, 27, 34, 53, 58, 70 4, 9, 17, 23, 28, 34, 53, 58, 70 Fanniidae / 6 Fanniidae Calyptrata Muscidae / 49 Muscidae Anthomyiidae / 1 Anthomyiidae Hippoboscidae / 1 Collin, 1930 ) tenuicosta ( Scatella (Linnaeus, 1761) canicularis Fannia (Linnaeus, 1758) radicum Delia Taxa Scatella (Linnaeus, 1758) ovinus Melophagus (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, incisurata Fannia (Haliday, 1838) (Haliday, monilis Fannia 1794) (Fabricius, scalaris Fannia (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, manicata Fannia (Wiedemann, 1817) (Wiedemann, lepida Fannia (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, nigritellus Thricops (Zetterstedt, 1845) (Zetterstedt, longipes Thricops (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, genarum Thricops (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, stabulans Muscina 1826) (Meigen, cunctans Thricops 1916) (Stein, furcatus Thricops (Harris, 1780) levida (Harris, Muscina (Fallén, 1825) (Fallén, armipes Hydrotaea (Wiedemann, 1817) (Wiedemann, simplex Thricops (Fallén, 1823) (Fallén, irritans Hydrotaea (Harris, 1780) (Harris, ignava Hydrotaea (Fallén, 1825) (Fallén, glabricula Hydrotaea (Fabricius, 1805) (Fabricius, dentipes Hydrotaea (Linnaeus, 1758) meteorica Hydrotaea Meade, 1887 Meade, similis Hydrotaea Hennig, 1964 Hennig, amita Musca

237 238 Zdravko Hubenov 90 90 91 90 90 90 90 90 90 92 90 92 92 92 92 92 92 90 92 92 92 90 54, 90 54, 90 54, 90 90, 92 54, 90 90, 92 54, 90 90, 92 References VI V-X V-X II-X IV-X V-IX V-IX IV-X IV-X V-IX IV-X V-IX V-IX IV-X V-XI V-IX III-X V-VI V-VI IV-XI IV-XI IV-XI IV-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX IV-VII V-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e k h h h h h h tp po po po po wp wp des ppt hpt ena ena poa hop hno wcp wcp esca esca hnoa ? dpo Zoogeo ­ graphical 1500 1500 1000 1500 1810 300-1810 300-1300 300-2400 300-1200 900-1200 900-1200 300-2500 900-1200 300-2500 300-2400 900-2000 300-2400 900-1200 300-1800 900-1000 300-1900 500-1200 900-1200 300-1000 300-1000 300-1500 900-1000 1000-1810 1000-1100 1000-1800 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution 5 8 9 4 8 Table 2. Continued Table 28 41 41 41 41 53 41 53 41 41 28 41 4, 53 8, 53 9, 53 8, 53 5, 53 23, 53 23, 71 4, 9, 53, 58 7, 9, 23, 34, 53, 58 Localities Pirin of 5, 9, 17, 23, 28, 53, 71 8, 17, 23, 28, 34, 53, 58 8, 17, 23, 28, 34, 53, 58, 71 5, 9, 17, 23, 28, 34, 53, 58, 71 Linnaeus, 1758 domestica Musca Patton & Cragg, 1913 Patton bezzii ? Musca 1910 Portschinsky, larvipara Musca Taxa De Geer, 1776 De Geer, autumnalis Musca Fallén, 1817 Fallén, tempestiva Musca (Loew, 1857) (Loew, podagrica Morellia (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, hortorum Morellia 1857) (Loew, simplex Morellia Meigen, 1826 Meigen, vitripennis Musca (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, cornicina Neomyia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 vivida Robineau-Desvoidy, Pyrellia (Egger, 1865) (Egger, penicillata Dasyphora (Meigen, 1826) serva (Meigen, Phaonia (Zetterstedt, 1845) (Zetterstedt, scutellata Phaonia (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, paratorum Dasyphora (Fallén, 1825) (Fallén, depuncta Helina (Fallén, 1825) (Fallén, confinis Helina (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, tuguriorum Phaonia (Harris, 1780) (Harris, subventa Phaonia (Fallén, 1825) (Fallén, fuscata Phaonia (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, errans Phaonia (Pandellé, 1898) (Pandellé, candicans Phaonia (Zetterstedt, 1845) (Zetterstedt, fratercula Helina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, humeralis Mydaea (Zetterstedt, 1860) (Zetterstedt, electra Mydaea (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, corni Mydaea (Zetterstedt, 1860) (Zetterstedt, laxifrons Helina (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, meditabunda Myospila (Fallén, 1823) (Fallén, vespertina Hebecnema 1763) (Scopoli, maculata Graphomya

238 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 239 71 92 92 71 92 54 46 54 71 54 54 46 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 54, 102 References VII VII VII VII V-X IV-X IV-X V-IX IV-X IV-X II-XI VII-X VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII VII-IX VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e k h se ha dp po eca ena wes wes hop hop hop ptm csee wpat ewca sppta wesca Zoogeo ­ sp, ? wcp sp, graphical hpt, ? hptn hpt, wces, ? escawces, 1810 1810 1810 2000 2400 1810 2000 1810 1810 350-450 350-600 300-400 350-1200 900-1000 300-1800 300-2000 700-1200 300-1000 350-2200 900-1000 900-1000 1950-2200 1950-2400 1950-2400 1810-2000 1950-2200 1950-2200 Vertical (m) Vertical 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 15 NP 147 Distribution 9 4 4 4 8 8 4 4 Table 2. Continued Table 71 71 41 41 71 34 71 58 71 71 71 71 71 5, 71 34, 71 34, 56 33, 50, 53 8, 33, 34, 57, 58 33, 34, 47, 57, 68 Localities Pirin of (Wiedemann, 1830) (Wiedemann, Meigen, 1826 Meigen, Böttcher, 1913 Böttcher, (Böttcher, 1913) (Böttcher, Villeneuve, 1912 Villeneuve, Rondani, 1860 Rondani, (Linnaeus, 1758) ) sinuata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Wiedemann, (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, Tachinidae / 203 Tachinidae Pandellé, 1896 Pandellé, ) protuberans Calliphoridae / 3 Sarcophagidae / 18 (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, ) nigriventris 1860 ) socrus Rondani, ) soror (Wiedemann, 1830) (Wiedemann, ) sorbillans ) larvarum ) mimula ( Adenia ( Podotachina ( Exorista (Rondani, 1866) (Rondani, obsignata Limnophora 1835 Macquart, ) vicina ( Heteronychia Sarcophaga (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, maculosa Limnophora Taxa (Fallén, 1823) (Fallén, dispar Spilogona Exorista (Linnaeus, 1758) caesar Lucilia ( Pandelleana Sarcophaga 1763) (Scopoli, ) variegata ( Sarcophaga Sarcophaga Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, vicina Calliphora (Linnaeus, 1758) vomitoria Calliphora 1780) (Harris, pernix Ravinia 1896 Pandellé, ) subulata ( Bellieriomima Sarcophaga ) porrecta ( Heteronychia Sarcophaga ) infantilis ( Heteronychia Sarcophaga Exorista (Böttcher, 1913) (Böttcher, ) novercoides ( Helicophagella Sarcophaga ( MyorhinaSarcophaga ( MyorhinaSarcophaga Exorista (Meigen 1826) (Meigen ) erythrura ( Servaisia Blaesoxipha 1896 Pandellé, ) crassimargo ( Helicophagella Sarcophaga 1835 Meigen, ) maculata ( Helicophagella Sarcophaga ) mutila ( Heteronychia Sarcophaga ) hirtipes ( Parasarcophaga Sarcophaga ) africa ( Bercaea Sarcophaga ( MyorhinaSarcophaga ( Sarcotachinella Sarcophaga

239 240 Zdravko Hubenov 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 70, 71 70, 71 68, 71 References V-X V-X V-X V-X V-IX IV-X V-IX V-IX V-VI V-VI VI-X IV-IX IV-IX IV-VI V-VII V-VII V-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII IV-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V, VI-X V, VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology e h et tp tp dp dp ess ess des des des des des hop hop hop wcp wcp nmt hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes wces tp, h* tp, e, bm e, hoes, h* Zoogeo ­ ? hom, h* ? hom, graphical 850 1250 1400 1250 700-900 350-750 550-650 300-650 300-450 700-900 300-2400 350-1300 800-1300 300-1300 700-1300 700-1300 500-1200 900-1200 350-1250 500-1350 350-1300 450-1230 900-1200 300-1300 300-2400 850-1250 400-1400 2000-2300 1000-1400 1100-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution Table 2. Continued Table 64 39 45 28 40 46 9, 50 33, 68 33, 47 33, 34 47, 68 45, 58 34, 47 47, 68 34, 58 27, 29 9, 35, 47 9, 33, 50 34, 47, 57 20, 24, 25 33, 34, 46 47, 57, 68 34, 47, 68 46, 48, 50 46, 51, 68 34, 48, 68 34, 47, 50, 58, 68 Localities Pirin of 9, 24, 33, 34, 43, 52, 58 9, 33, 45, 53, 58, 64, 73 24, 33, 34, 45, 46, 57, 58, 69, 73 (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, ) rustica ( Adenia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, mutabilis Meigenia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, dorsalis Meigenia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 & Bergenstamm, Brauer podomyia Admontia (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, collaris Medina 1824) (Meigen, bicincta Lecanipa (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, cinerea Zaira 1824) (Meigen, luctuosa Medina (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, angelicae Belida (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, selecta Bessa (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, grandis Phorocera 1810) (Fallén, obscura Phorocera (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, assimilis Phorocera (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) (Robineau-Desvoidy, silvestris Parasetigena (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, obliquata Chetogena Rondani, 1859 Rondani, filipalpis Chetogena (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, confinis Aplomya (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, floralis Nemorilla (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, quadripustulata Winthemia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, amoena Smidtia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, acuticornis Acemya (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, turrita Vibrissina (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, concinnata Compsilura Rondani, 1859 Rondani, parra Lomachantha 1861) (Rondani, antennata Erynniopsis 1810) (Fallén, nigripes Blondelia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, spectabilis Oswaldia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, muscaria Oswaldia Taxa Exorista (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, cincinna Tlephusa (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847) (Robineau-Desvoidy, nigripalpis Phebellia

240 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 241 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 68, 71 70, 71 70, 71 References V-X V-X V-X V-X V-X V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX IV-X V-IX V-IX V-VI V-VI V-VI V-VII V-VII V-VII VI-IX IV-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e h tp tp sp po mt ess pat des des des des des nm wes hop wcp wcp e, m e, hoes hoes hoes hoes hom wces wces wces tp, h* tp, tp, bm tp, Zoogeo ­ graphical 2000 700-750 350-700 500-700 350-700 500-700 450-700 700-1500 400-1950 700-1950 500-2400 500-1000 800-1300 600-1300 700-1300 350-2000 900-1300 400-1300 700-1000 700-1450 700-1300 450-2400 500-1300 700-1300 300-1300 400-1400 350-1400 2000-2500 1750-1800 1200-1300 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution 6 Table 2. Continued Table 74 43 15 33 28, 33 15, 40 45, 73 33, 34 45, 73 47, 60 8, 27, 64 9, 27, 40 33, 40, 68 20, 24, 69 35, 47, 68 40, 45, 47 48, 51, 68 33, 40, 47 6, 8, 40, 64 33, 34, 45, 58 19, 24, 33, 40 13, 45, 46, 57, 68 33, 46, 48, 58, 68 Localities Pirin of 33, 42, 46, 68, 70, 75 20, 22, 26, 33, 68, 69 34, 45, 47, 58, 68, 73 9, 33, 34, 40, 50, 64, 70 8, 23, 34, 45, 47, 65, 73 8, 34, 40, 48, 50, 57, 64 (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, ) lucorum ) gnava Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, ) bombylans ( Carcelia ( Carcelia ( Carcelia Taxa (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, succincta Epicampocera (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889) & Bergenstamm, (Brauer Phryxe prima (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, Phryxe nemea (Macquart, 1850) (Macquart, pachystyla Allophorocera (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, ferruginea Allophorocera (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, capillata Alsomyia 1824) (Meigen, fimbriata Platymya 1824) (Meigen, pullata Clemelis (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, festinans Erycia (Zetterstedt, 1844) (Zetterstedt, linearicornis Eumea (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, Phryxe vulgaris (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1848) (Robineau-Desvoidy, scutellaris Eurysthaea (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, frontosa Bothria (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, Phryno vetula (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pumicata Pales (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pavida Pales Carcelia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, stabulans Lydella (Walker, 1853) (Walker, nigrolineata Pseudoperichaeta (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, ambulatoria Elodia Carcelia Carcelia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, affinis Huebneria (Zetterstedt, 1849) (Zetterstedt, vicina Drino (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, lota Drino (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, atropivora Drino 1830) (Meigen, inconspicua Drino (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, tritaeniata Cadurciella (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, bella Sturmia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pratensis Blepharipa

241 242 Zdravko Hubenov 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 68, 71 References VI V-X V-X V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX IX-X III-V III-IX V-VII V-VII VI-IX III-VI III-VI III-VI V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VII-IX VI-VX IV-VIII IV-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e tp ho ess ess wp wp wp wp nm nm wes sess sess atm hop hop wcp wcp wcp wcp mca ppta hoes hoes h, ? bm Zoogeo ­ hoes, bm graphical 300-600 300-650 350-600 350-950 350-650 300-450 350-900 300-700 350-700 400-1000 300-1750 700-1400 350-1300 350-1250 900-2300 300-1900 300-1900 900-1350 900-1350 600-1300 600-1300 700-1600 350-1300 350-1400 700-2000 300-1300 1250-2250 1250-2300 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution Table 2. Continued Table 30, 34 47, 68 39, 68 34, 45 34, 58 31, 34 39, 53, 58 34, 45, 58 40, 45, 58 31, 33, 58 8, 28, 33, 68 8, 23, 45, 50 34, 45, 57, 58 55, 58, 68, 76 65, 68, 75, 76 28, 33, 46, 68 9, 40, 46, 48, 51 19, 29, 31, 34, 64 22, 23, 33, 43, 58 45, 46, 50, 58, 68 33, 40, 47, 57, 58 Localities Pirin of 8, 27, 34, 35, 40, 68 13, 36, 47, 63, 68, 75 34, 40, 47, 51, 57, 68 5, 11, 13, 16, 20, 47, 75 9, 13, 20, 27, 47, 50, 76 4, 12, 20, 43, 47, 69, 71, 76 19, 33, 34, 35, 45, 47, 48, 51, 68 20, 22, 29, 33, 34, 42, 46, 48, 51, 20, 33, 40, 43, 47, 48, 51, 55, 58, (Zetterstedt, 1844) (Zetterstedt, (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) (Robineau-Desvoidy, Meigen, 1824 Meigen, (Giglio-Tos, 1890) (Giglio-Tos, (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, (Giglio-Tos, 1890) (Giglio-Tos, (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, (Linnaeus, 1758) ) nupta ) magnicornis (Linnaeus, 1761) ) fera (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, ) casta ) marklini ) magna ) grossa (Panzer, 1809) (Panzer, ) ferox ( Fabriciella ) rondanii ( Fabriciella ) atripalpis ( Fabriciella ( Nowickia ( Servillia ) lurida ( Eudoromyia ( Eudoromyia ( Eudoromyia ( Tachina ( Eudoromyia ) praeceps ( Echinogaster ( Tachina Taxa (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, pavoniae Masicera (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, connexa Gaedia (Egger, 1861) (Egger, nigricans Prosopea (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, silvatica Masicera Nowickia Tachina Tachina Tachina Tachina Tachina Tachina (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, goniaeformis Baumhaueria Egger, 1861 Egger, distincta Gaedia (Zetterstedt, 1844) (Zetterstedt, ferina Peleteria (Portshinsky, 1882) (Portshinsky, danilevskyi Cnephaotachina 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, abdominalis Peleteria Nowickia Nowickia Tachina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, picea Gonia Meigen, 1826 Meigen, ornata Gonia (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, capitata Gonia Wiedemann, 1819 Wiedemann, bimaculata Gonia Nowickia Tachina (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, hebes Spallanzania (Wiedemann, 1830) (Wiedemann, rufifrons Pseudogonia (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851) (Robineau-Desvoidy, parisiaca Pseudogonia

242 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 243 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 70, 71 References VI V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V, IX V, V-IV VI-X V-VII V-VII V-VII V-VII VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VII-IX VII-IX VI-VII VI-VII IV-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e h tp tp tp tp ho po ess cse cse des nm wes wcp ppta hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hom msws Zoogeo ­ hoes, bm wces, bm wces, graphical 350-700 600-900 700-900 350-500 500-900 700-900 300-2000 700-1800 500-1300 350-1500 300-1400 700-1300 750-1800 900-1430 500-1850 350-1300 400-1300 400-1750 900-1640 700-1500 500-1300 450-1300 900-1800 300-1200 500-1400 1400-1800 1200-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution Table 2. Continued Table 68 39 33, 34 33, 68 40, 68 34, 57 28, 76 47, 75 33, 46 19, 68 9, 48, 68 5, 22, 42 35, 47, 50 10, 18, 68 35, 45, 68 55, 58, 59, 75 42, 65, 68, 76 34, 45, 47, 57 15, 20, 68, 75 9, 34, 41, 44, 48 8, 19, 21, 53, 76 9, 40, 49, 50, 56 Localities Pirin of 8, 34, 45, 46, 51, 53 9, 33, 47, 51, 58, 68 10, 33, 47, 49, 50, 76 39, 45, 47, 51, 57, 68 8, 33, 34, 35, 39, 47, 57, 68 8, 13, 23, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35, 39, 8, 13, 23, 27, 29, 33, 35, 39, 41, 10, 20, 29, 33, 34, 40, 47, 49, 51, 33, 34, 40, 47, 48, 50, 53, 57, 58, (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, Herting, 1963 Herting, Zimin, 1954 (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, ) lithosiophaga (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, ) impudica ) rossica Zimin,) olsufjevi 1954 ) helvetica ) picta (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, ) haemorrhoidalis Taxa (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, rubescens Peleteria ( Homoeonychia Linnaemya ( Ophina Linnaemya ( Ophina Linnaemya ( Ophina Linnaemya ( Ophina Linnaemya (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pellucida Nemoraea (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, ruficornis Peleteria 1794) (Fabricius, varia Peleteria 1820) (Fallén, ruficeps Germaria (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, temula Zophomyia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, lucidus Hyalurgus (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, consobrina Eurithia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, rudis Ernestia (Meigen, 1838) (Meigen, laevigata Ernestia ( Ophina Linnaemya ( Bonellimyia Linnaemya ) comta ( Linnaemya Linnaemya (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, caesia Eurithia (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, anthophila Eurithia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, chalconota Macquartia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, tibialis Pelatachina (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, gonioides Pseudopachystylum (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, Loewia phaeoptera (Rondani, 1856) (Rondani, Loewia brevifrons (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, callida Cleonice (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, dispar Macquartia

243 244 Zdravko Hubenov 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 68, 71 67, 71 References V-X V-X V-X V-X V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-VI VI-X VI-X IV-IX IV-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VII-IX VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e h tp ess wp des des wes wes wes spat wcp wcp wcp mca hpta hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hom hom wces ? om des, h* hoes, h* Zoogeo ­ graphical 500-800 650-800 700-900 700-900 300-400 300-700 300-1250 350-1000 350-1450 350-2300 800-1300 300-1800 350-1250 300-1200 350-1000 300-1000 500-1600 300-2400 800-1500 500-1800 500-1900 350-1000 300-1800 400-1900 1000-1950 1100-1700 1100-1300 1700-1900 1000-1800 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution Table 2. Continued Table 33, 35 47, 51 18, 68 20, 75 34, 58 33, 58 8, 34, 53 47, 53, 70 22, 23, 47 23, 31, 68 9, 34, 40, 48 8, 34, 45, 51 29, 31, 32, 45 58, 69, 71, 76 28, 32, 35, 39 9, 15, 48, 51, 53 8, 27, 34, 45, 53 4, 50, 53, 62, 75 10, 20, 34, 69, 70 28, 33, 47, 58, 75 40, 45, 47, 59, 68 Localities Pirin of 8, 22, 29, 34, 45, 50 33, 34, 47, 55, 58, 59 27, 33, 34, 35, 39, 46, 50 10, 20, 39, 42, 48, 50, 56 8, 28, 33, 45, 47, 51, 57, 64 4, 10, 15, 21, 33, 41, 42, 75 13, 20, 27, 33, 34, 47, 68, 76 8, 17, 20, 24, 33, 34, 45, 47, 51, 13, 28, 35, 40, 42, 45, 47, 48, 49, 58 (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, praefica Macquartia Taxa Macquartia grisea 1810) (Fallén, Macquartia (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, rufiventris Mintho (Rondani, 1861) (Rondani, glirina Bithia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, plebejus Demoticus (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, longirostris Aphria (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, geniculata Siphona (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, tenebricosa Macquartia (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, carinifrons Dinera (Zetterstedt, 1844) (Zetterstedt, triangulifera Billaea (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, pectinata Billaea (Rondani, 1862) (Rondani, fortis Billaea (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, caninum Dexiosoma Egger, 1860 Egger, europaea Microphthalma (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, aurea Leskia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, modesta Bithia Staeger, 1849 Staeger, flavifrons Siphona (Fabricius, 1805) (Fabricius, cristata Siphona (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851) (Robineau-Desvoidy, tibialis Peribaea (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, cingulata Phytomyptera (Rondani, 1862) (Rondani, bohemani Estheria (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, ferina Dinera (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, pilipennis Actia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, crassicornis Actia (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, siberita Prosena 1826 Meigen, Zeuxia cinerea (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, Dexia rustica (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, picta Estheria (Bonsdorff, 1866) (Bonsdorff, petiolata Estheria

244 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 245 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 69, 71 69, 71 68, 71 References V-X V-X V-X V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IV VI-X VI-X VI-X V-VII V-VII V-VII VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX IV-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology k tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp dp ess ess wp wp des des ppt wcp wcp nmt esca mca eeca hoes hoes hoes hoes se, ? nm Zoogeo ­ graphical 1800 1300 300-700 600-900 500-950 350-950 350-900 300-450 350-700 350-1300 350-1000 300-1700 350-1300 300-1000 350-1300 350-2450 900-2450 450-1750 350-1200 400-1350 300-1200 350-1300 700-1800 350-1000 350-1700 350-1250 350-1250 350-1250 650-1400 650-1300 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution Table 2. Continued Table 21 39 34, 68 34, 58 9, 34, 39 8, 34, 53 35, 57, 68 23, 34, 68 33, 34, 57 19, 46, 58 33, 34, 46 34, 39, 48, 50 34, 40, 47, 53 8, 34, 47, 50, 68 8, 13, 28, 33, 51 8, 29, 45, 58, 68 Localities Pirin of 8, 23, 45, 53, 57, 68 8, 27, 34, 53, 59, 68 9, 23, 46, 51, 57, 58 8, 23, 27, 33, 47, 53 34, 39, 40, 50, 57, 65 8, 34, 45, 47, 49, 57, 68 8, 24, 34, 43, 45, 52, 53 19, 28, 33, 62, 68, 74, 75 33, 45, 51, 53, 56, 58, 68 10, 39, 40, 49, 50, 64, 68 30, 31, 33, 34, 45, 57, 58, 65 12, 28, 31, 33, 34, 40, 58, 68 20, 24, 36, 39, 42, 51, 62, 68, 69 33, 34, 39, 53, 55, 57, 58, 60, 62, 75 (Fabricius, 1805) (Fabricius, helluo Eliozeta (Rondani, 1862) (Rondani, puella Chetoptilia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, nigrita Dufouria (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, chalybeata Dufouria (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pedemontana Rhamphina (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, tachinoides Stomina (Rondani, 1862) (Rondani, caliendrata Stomina (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, crassipennis Ectophasia (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, continua Clytiomya (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, pellucens Eliozeta Egger, 1856 Egger, aurea Halidaya (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, nigripes Thelaira (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, rufomaculatus Eriothrix Taxa (Rondani, 1862) (Rondani, apenninus Eriothrix (Rondani, 1865) (Rondani, leucoptera Ectophasia (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, volvulus Phyllomya (Wulp, 1869) (Wulp, impressa Athrycia 1824) (Meigen, trepida Athrycia (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, carbonaria Periscepsia (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, spathulata Ramonda (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, oblonga Ectophasia (Meigen, 1838) (Meigen, elatus Hyleorus (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, ruralis Voria (Panzer, 1800) (Panzer, costatum Gymnosoma (Rohdendorf, 1947) (Rohdendorf, clavatum Gymnosoma Zimin, 1966 inornatum Gymnosoma Dupuis, 1961 Dupuis, dolycoridis Gymnosoma (Rohdendorf, 1947) (Rohdendorf, desertorum Gymnosoma Meigen, 1824 Meigen, nitens Gymnosoma Herting, 1966 Herting, nudifrons Gymnosoma

245 246 Zdravko Hubenov 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 70, 71 68, 71 References V-X V-IX V-IX IV-X V-IX V-IX VI-X V-VII V-VII V-VII VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VII VIII-IX VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology e e h h tp tp tp tp tp tp tp dp ess ess des wes mss hop wcp wcp mca ? mt hoes hoes wces e, csee, Zoogeo ­ graphical 500-900 300-450 350-900 300-600 700-800 350-950 500-950 450-950 600-700 300-550 350-950 350-1800 350-1800 380-1300 300-1400 350-1000 350-1400 350-1000 450-1250 300-1250 700-1300 750-1550 500-1250 350-1250 700-1300 350-1250 Vertical (m) Vertical + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NP Distribution Table 2. Continued Table 8, 34 34, 58 33, 58 19, 33 55, 68 8, 34, 39 64, 73, 76 34, 47, 68 53, 64, 68 33, 45, 47 34, 59, 68 50, 53, 68 31, 40, 57 34, 56, 58 53, 57, 73, 74 34, 56, 57, 68 34, 55, 57, 68 29, 33, 34, 68 8, 33, 34, 45, 68 8, 23, 33, 47, 68 9, 19, 23, 47, 68 18, 23, 29, 35, 40 23, 33, 46, 53, 58 34, 39, 45, 50, 53 Localities Pirin of 8, 18, 29, 46, 50, 53 23, 28, 34, 40, 45, 46, 53 8, 21, 28, 33, 34, 39, 42, 43, 46, 9, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 45, 46, 49, 21, 28, 34, 39, 44, 45, 47, 55, 60, 12, 28, 29, 32, 35, 39, 41, 47, 48, (Loew, 1844) (Loew, ) pilipes (Loew, 1844) (Loew, ) brevicornis (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, ) brassicaria (Olivier, 1812) (Olivier, ) bicolor (Loew, 1845) (Loew, ) crassa Meigen, 1824 Meigen, ) pusilla Taxa (Linnaeus, 1758) rotundatum Gymnosoma Cylindromyia ( Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia ( Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia ( Cylindromyia Cylindromyia (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, globosa Cistogaster 1824) (Meigen, cana Opesia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, lateralis Elomya (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, lateritia Besseria (Zetterstedt, 1844) (Zetterstedt, dimidiata Besseria (Meigen, 1838) (Meigen, ) auriceps ( Neocyptera Cylindromyia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, ) intermedia ( Calocyptera Cylindromyia Cylindromyia ( Dupuisia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia ( Cylindromyia Cylindromyia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, globula Strongygaster 1824) (Meigen, aurifrons Dionaea Phasia ( Hyalomya Phasia (Linnaeus, 1767) ) subcoleoptrata ( Phasia Phasia (Fabricius, 1798) (Fabricius, ) obesa ( Phasia Phasia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, funesta Phania (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, vittata Hemyda (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, ) interrupta ( Neocyptera Cylindromyia (Rondani, 1861) (Rondani, pauciseta Labigastera (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, forcipata Labigastera (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, anthracinum Leucostoma 1824) (Meigen, biguttata Clairvillia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, tetraptera Leucostoma

246 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 247 the fragmentary data for most families do not allow subregion in latitudinal direction, belong to this explicite conclusions about the adherence of the taxa group. They are well represented in the high mobile to one or another vegetation zone to be made. The groups and comprise about 25-35% of the species distribution of species in groups according to their composition. A total of 196 species (26.5%) from this presence in the vegetation belts has a relative char- group, combined into 15 zoogeographical categories, acter and depends on the specific features of taxa has been established in the Pirin Mt. (Table 3). Its and research area as well as the duration of the re- character is determined by the Transpalaearctic (58 search. There is a correlation between the horizontal species – 7.8%), West and Central Palaearctic (26 and vertical distribution of Diptera. Species found species – 3.4%) and West Palaearctic (25 species – above 2200-2500 m, most often have large areas - 3.4%) species which are the most numerous. The Cosmopolitan, Holarctic, Palaearctic, Eurosiberian correlation of these categories remains the same in or European distribution (Table 2). the separate vegetation belts of Pirin Mt. with small The zoogeographical categorization of the spe- deviations, and ranges from 3.1% to 11.7% (3 to cies (Table 2) was made on the basis of current data 41 species). The Holopalaearctic, European-North about their distribution. Thus the tachinids are di- African and Eurosiberian-Central Asian species vided into 72 zoogeographical categories, combined are well presented. Twelve species have a longitudi- into 2 main groups and 6 subgroups (Table 3). nal disjunction of the areas in regard to Siberia and Species distributed in the Palaearctic and be- Central Asia (Table 2 and Table 3). Probably some of yond it. This group (160 species – 21.6%) includes 27 these species are presented with sparse populations categories, of which 22 combine species of northern and will be specified under further investigations. type (widely distributed in Holarctic and Palaearctic) Most often a latitudinal disjunction of the areas of and 5 – species of southern type (distributed only in this group lacks (Gorodkov, 1984; Josifov, 1988). A the southern parts of the Palaearctic). The difference significant portion of the species with wide vertical between the separate vegetation belts with respect to distribution (about 25%) belong to this group. It in- this group is from 1.2% to 13.7% (from 3 to 87 spe- cludes from 10.0% to 38.1% (1 to 116 species) of the cies). In the first 4 vegetation belts the difference is species composition in the separate vegetation belts minimal (not exceeding 5.0%) and increases in the (Table 3). The vast areas and wide vertical distribu- sub-alpine and alpine belts where the species with tion of the taxa of this group are an indication of the vast areas dominate. It is very likely the establishment greater ecological flexibility of its species. of other species of the group of northern type in the Species distributed within one subregion of last 2 vegetation belts of Pirin Mt. in view of their dis- the Palaearctic. This group (370 species – 50.0%) tribution and poor study level of the higher parts of includes species with Eurosiberian (328 species – the mountain. It is accepted that the species of north- 44.3%) and Mediterranean (42 species – 5.7%) type ern type have vast areas and ecological flexibility. In of distribution (Table 3). The Mediterranean-Central the superpalaearctic complex, the Holarctic species Asian species are also included here according to (76 species – 10.3%) prevail and from the other are- Kryzhanovsky (1965) and Lopatin (1989) who ographical categories the Holarctic-Oriental and combine the Mediterranean and Central Asian sub- the Palaearctic-Oriental forms are better presented regions. The species with Mediterranean type of dis- (Table 3). The species of southern type are presented tribution are accepted in a general way and include in the first 3 vegetation belts. Usually the scrutinized faunistic elements (Submediterranean, Subiranian areographical complex is scanty presented and is not and Pontian) that could be considered separately as determinant for the zoogeographical characteristic of well (Gruev & Kusmanov 1994, 1999; Gruev 1995, taxa in the Bulgarian fauna. In a highly mobile forms 2000d). (such as Diptera) the complex is better presented and The Eurosiberian species include 10 can reach 15-20%. In two-winged insects significant areographical categories, of which the European numbers of synanthropic and synbovil forms with (137 species – 18.5%), Holoeurosiberian (53 spe- cosmopolitan distribution occur. They have anthro- cies – 7.2%) and Disjunct Eurosiberian (38 species pogenic areas, structured with the development of – 5.1%) species are best represented. The ratio of human civilization (before the beginning of contem- these categories is different for the separate fami- porary investigations). lies (most numerous are the Holoeurosiberian spe- Species distributed only in the Palaearctic, cies of the Tachinidae family as the Eurosiberian but in more than one subregion (Palaearctic type). forms are 48% in total, while in other families the Taxa, whose areas include more than one Palaearctic Central and South European species are better rep-

247 248 Zdravko Hubenov 1 1 1 – over over – Alpine Alpine 2500 m 3 (30.0) 3 (30.0) vegetation vegetation 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 10 2500 m 27 (35.1) Subalpine 27 (35.1) 2200 m to from 2000- from vegetation – vegetation 6 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 8 1 2 1 5 1 34 69 (26.4) 69 (26.4) Coniferous Coniferous 2000-2200 m forests – from from – forests 1300-1600 m to to m 1300-1600

5 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 9 1 1 14 41 Vegetation belts Vegetation 2 (0.5) 89 (22.3) 87 (22.1) Beech forests - forests Beech from 900-1000 900-1000 from to 1500-1600 m 1500-1600 to

4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 8 1 1 1 1 13 32 3 (0.8) 81 (22.2) 78 (21.4) 600-700 m forests – from from – forests to 900-1000 m to oak-hornbeam oak-hornbeam xeromesophyllic xeromesophyllic Mesophyllic and and Mesophyllic

4 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 6 3 3 1 5 1 21 up to up 3 (1.2) 55 (21.4) 52 (20.2) 600-700 m oak forests – oak forests Xerothermic Xerothermic 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.3 3.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.4 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 10.3 21.6 20.9 Percentage Zoogeographical characteristic of the Pirin Diptera the Pirin of 3. Zoogeographical characteristic Table 6 2 2 3 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 3 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 25 13 76 160 155 Total Total number Cosmopolitan (k) Cosmopolitan Semicosmopolitan (sk) Semicosmopolitan (hptn) Holarctic-Paleotropical-Neotropical (hpta) Holarctic-Paleotropical-Australian (hpt) Holarctic-Paleotropical (hnoa) Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental-Australian Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental (hno) Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental Holarctic-Afrotropical (hat) Holarctic-Afrotropical Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical (hnat) Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical (hn) Holarctic-Neotropical (ho) Holarctic-Oriental Holarctic-Australian (ha) Holarctic-Australian (ppta) Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian (poa) Palaearctic-Oriental-Australian Palaearctic-Paleotropical (ppt) Palaearctic-Paleotropical Palaearctic-Afrotropical (pat) Palaearctic-Afrotropical (po) Palaearctic-Oriental (pa) Palaearctic-Australian West Palaearctic-Oriental (wpo) Palaearctic-Oriental West Disjunct Palaearctic-Oriental (dpo) Palaearctic-Oriental Disjunct (wpat) Palaearctic-Afrotropical West Holarctic (h) Holarctic South Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian (sppta) Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian South South Palaearctic-Afrotropical (spat) Palaearctic-Afrotropical South type North South type Species distributed in the Palaearctic and out of it it of out and in the Palaearctic Species distributed Zoogeographical categories

248 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 249 1 1 1 – over over – Alpine Alpine 2500 m 7 (70.0) 1 (10.0) 6 (60.0) vegetation vegetation 2 6 3 5 2 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 2500 m 50 (64.9) Subalpine 20 (26.0) 29 (36.4) 2200 m to from 2000- from vegetation – vegetation 8 8 2 1 5 1 1 1 3 2 2 9 1 1 22 11 23 11 11 67 (25.7) 192 (73.6) 115 (44.1) Coniferous Coniferous 2000-2200 m forests – from from – forests 1300-1600 m to to m 1300-1600

6 1 7 4 1 2 1 2 2 4 3 8 2 13 41 15 15 36 20 13 21 Vegetation belts Vegetation 305 (77.4) 116 (29.4) 171 (43.4) Beech forests - forests Beech from 900-1000 900-1000 from to 1500-1600 m 1500-1600 to

4 9 6 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 9 3 16 38 16 15 33 10 14 18 283 (77.7) 600-700 m 113 (31.0) 148 (40.7) forests – from from – forests to 900-1000 m to oak-hornbeam oak-hornbeam xeromesophyllic xeromesophyllic Mesophyllic and and Mesophyllic

4 2 6 1 1 1 1 1 3 8 8 6 1 17 30 15 18 18 12 up to up 98 (38.1) 74 (28.8) 202 (78.6) 600-700 m oak forests – oak forests Xerothermic Xerothermic Table 2. Continued Table 2.8 7.8 3.5 3.4 1.6 2.3 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.4 7.2 3.5 3.6 5.1 1.5 0.5 78.4 26.5 44.3 Percentage 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 8 6 3 4 21 58 26 25 12 17 10 53 26 27 38 11 580 196 328 Total Total number Holopalaearctic (hop) Holopalaearctic (tp) Transpalaearctic (wcp) Central Palaearctic and West (wp) Palaearctic West (dp) Palaearctic Disjunct African (ena) European-North (esca) Asian Eurosiberian-Central South Palaearctic (sp) Palaearctic South (wesca) Asian Eurosiberian-Central West (eca) Asian European-Central Paleotropical-Mediterranean (ptm) Paleotropical-Mediterranean Afrotropical-Mediterranean (atm) Afrotropical-Mediterranean Oriental-Mediterranean (om) Oriental-Mediterranean (eeca) Asian East European-Central (ewca) Central Asian European-West (eit) European-Iran-Тuranian European-Southwest Asian (eswa) Asian European-Southwest European-Turanian (et) European-Turanian Holoeurosiberian (hoes) Holoeurosiberian West and Central Eurosiberian (wces) Central Eurosiberian and West West Eurosiberian (wes) Eurosiberian West Disjunct Eurosiberian (des) Eurosiberian Disjunct (ess) Siberian South and European European-Anatolian (ean) European-Anatolian Palaearctic type Palaearctic Eurosiberian type Eurosiberian Species distribution with Palaearctic Zoogeographical categories

249 250 Zdravko Hubenov 4 – over over – Alpine Alpine 2500 m 10 (1.3) vegetation vegetation 1 3 1 1 15 1 (1.3) 2500 m 1 (10.0) 78 (10.4) Subalpine 2200 m to from 2000- from vegetation – vegetation 1 1 2 4 1 9 3 1 47 6 (2.3) 4 (5.2) 261 (35.3) Coniferous Coniferous 2000-2200 m forests – from from – forests 1300-1600 m to to m 1300-1600

1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 8 3 3 1 1 59 Vegetation belts Vegetation 7 (1.8) 11 (2.8) 394 (53.2) Beech forests - forests Beech from 900-1000 900-1000 from to 1500-1600 m 1500-1600 to

3 3 1 1 1 1 1 7 5 2 2 2 1 2 1 50 1 (0.3) 21 (5.8) 364 (49.2) 600-700 m forests – from from – forests to 900-1000 m to oak-hornbeam oak-hornbeam xeromesophyllic xeromesophyllic Mesophyllic and and Mesophyllic

9 4 1 1 2 1 1 5 6 1 1 1 2 1 1 14 up to up 1 (0.4) 29 (11.3) 257 (34.7) 600-700 m oak forests – oak forests Xerothermic Xerothermic Table 2. Continued Table 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.8 3.2 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.9 5.7 18.5 Percentage 1 1 1 3 4 3 1 8 2 2 2 1 1 6 6 2 1 2 2 3 2 11 24 14 43 137 742 Total Total number Total Central and South European-North African (csena) European-North South Central and Central and Southeast European-Iran-Тuranian (cseeit) European-Iran-Тuranian Southeast Centraland Balkan (Ebs) subendemic Balkan (Eb) endemic Holomediterranean (hom) Holomediterranean (nm) Mediterranean North (se) European South (em) East Mediterranean Bulgarian endemic (Ebg) endemic Bulgarian (Er) endemic Regional Balkan-Anatolian (ban) Balkan-Anatolian European (e) European (csean) European-Anatolian South Central and Mediterranean and South Siberian (mss) Siberian South and Mediterranean (msws) Siberian Southwest and Mediterranean Mediterranean-Central Asian (mca) Asian Mediterranean-Central Central and South European (cse) European South Central and Central and Southeast European (csee) European Southeast Central and (mwca) Central Asian Mediterranean-West Central and South European-Iran-Тuranian (cseit) European-Iran-Тuranian South Central and Northeast Mediterranean-Iran-Тuranian (nemit) Mediterranean-Iran-Тuranian Northeast (mt) Mediterranean-Turanian (nmt) Мediterranean-Тuranian North (sess) Siberian South and European South Endemics Mediterranean type Mediterranean Zoogeographical categories

250 Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of Pirin 251 resented). The number of taxa of these categories unipunctata – Mediterranean-Central Asian species in the separate vegetation belts varies from 4% to of the family Ephydridae) and Mediterranean species 40.0% (1-59 species) and increases with height. have not been found in the alpine belt. Most Eurosiberian species are found in the beech Endemics. This category includes taxa, which and coniferous forest belts. In the sub-alpine and are not distributed outside the Balkan Peninsula. alpine belts the Eurosiberian species predominate The percentage of endemism is low in Diptera (14 over the other zoogeographical categories (36.4- species – 1.9%). The Balkan and Bulgarian endemic 60.0%). A number of disjunctive areas are presented forms prevail. The main part of the Pirin endemic – a longitudinal disjunction for parts of Siberia species is related to the beech and coniferous belts and Central Asia (Tables 2 and 3) and latitudinal (6-7 species, or 1.8-2.3%). This allows most of them disjunction with typical for the Eurosiberian com- to be accepted as postglacial neoendemics and to be plex boreomontane, boreoalpine and arctic-alpine connected with the Eurosiberian forms. Local en- distribution (Gorodkov, 1984; Josifov, 1988). Of demics have not been established among Diptera interest is the significant presence of Eurosiberian of Pirin Mt. The Pirin dipterans are rare and mostly species in the two lower vegetation belts, which can are newly described taxa (one Balkan endemic from be explained in 2 ways: 1) It is possible part of these 1862 , 2 species from 1940 and 1942 and all others species to have uncleared Palaearctic distribution; after 1970). 2) It is supposed that the humid mountain valleys characterized with cooler climate, have facilitated Conclusion the migration of the mentioned above forms to the lowlands. Finding of boreomontane forms at low A total of 742 two-winged species that belong altitudes has also been reported for other insect to 43 families have been reported from Pirin Mt. groups as Heteroptera and Cerambycidae (Josifov, The dipterous fauna can be divided into 2 main 1963, 1976; Georgiev & Hubenov, 2006). For groups: 1) species with Mediterranean type of dis- Cerambycide this fact is due to the large affores- tribution (48 species, or 6.4%) – more thermophilic tations with conifers in the first vegetation belt. and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Probably because of this reason many boreomon- Palaearctic. Five species of southern type, distributed tane and montane species of the family, fed on coni- in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally re- fers, go down below 600 m a.s.l. lated to this group as well; 2) species with Palaearctic The Mediterranean species (combined into and Eurosiberian type of distribution (694 species, or 16 zoogeographical categories) are 43 (5.7%). They 93.6%) – more cold-resistant and widely distributed are presented mainly in the first 3 vegetation belts in the Palaearctic. One hundred fifty-five species of and their number rapidly decreases with the altitude. northern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and be- Because of the big variety of the areas, this group is yond it, can be formally related to this group as well. divided into many subgroups with different origin, The zoogeographical character of the Tachinidae fau- distribution and ecological peculiarities of the taxa. na is determined by the second group. The ration of This complexity contributes to establishing of various the two groups is different in the separate vegetation zoogeographical classifications for Bulgaria (Josifov, belts of Pirin Mt. (Table 3). 1981, 1986, 1988, 1999; Gruev 1988, 1995, 2000a, Xerothermic oak forests (257 species, or 2000b, 2000c, 2000d, 2002; Heiss & Josifov, 1990, 34.7%). From the species with Mediterranean type of Gruev & Kusmanov 1994, Hubenov 1996; Po p ov, distribution (32 species, or 12.5%) the Mediterranean- 2002). The Mediterranean species, established in one Central Asian, Holomediterranean and North or two vegetation belts, prevail (Table 2). A significant Mediterranean species are most numerous and from percentage of these species and their relatively scarce the species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type populations are due to the lower ecological flexibility of distribution (225 species, or 87.5%) the Holarctic of the Mediterranean forms in comparison with the and Transpalaearctic species are best represented. previous ones. The Mediterranean species include Mesophyllic and xeromesophyllic mixed from 2.8% to 11.3% (1 to 29 species) of Diptera of forests (364 species, or 49.2%). From the species the separate vegetation belts of Pirin Mt. (Table 3). with Mediterranean type of distribution (24 spe- The Holomediterranean (10 species – 1.3%) and cies, or 6.6%) the Mediterranean-Central Asian, Mediterranean-Central Asian (6 species – 0.8%) spe- Holomediterranean and North Mediterranean spe- cies are the most numerous. In the subalpine belt one cies prevail and from the species with Palaearctic Mediterranean species is established (Lamproscatella and Eurosiberian type of distribution (340 spe-

251 252 Zdravko Hubenov cies, or 93.4%) – the Holarctic, Transpalaearctic, European species are presented and from the spe- Holoeurosiberian and European species are best cies with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of dis- represented. The number of the Holarctic-Oriental, tribution (257 species, or 98.5%) the Holarctic, Holarctic, Transpalaearctic, Holoeurosiberian and Transpalaearctic, Holoeurosiberian and European European species is increased. The percentage of the species prevail. The distributed in the Palaearctic Mediterranean species decreases. and beyond it species of southern type have not been Beech forests (394 species, or 53.2%). From established. The number of the Cosmopolitan spe- the species with Mediterranean type of distribution cies is increased, the number of endemics is high and (13 species, or 3.3%) the Mediterranean-Central the Mediterranean forms greatly decrease. Asian species are most numerous and from the spe- Subalpine vegetation (78 species, or 10.4%). cies with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of dis- One species with Mediterranean type of distribution tribution (381 species, or 96.7%) – the Holarctic, (Mediterranean-Central Asian) has been established. Transpalaearctic, Holoeurosiberian and European From the species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian species. The number of the Holarctic-Oriental, type of distribution (28 areographical categories) the Palaearctic-Oriental, Holarctic, Transpalaearctic, Holarctic and European species are most numerous. Holoeurosiberian, West and Central Eurosiberian, This part of Pirin Mt. is poorly explored. European and endemic species is increased. The per- Alpine vegetation (10 species, or 1.3%). Only centage of the Mediterranean forms decreases. species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of Coniferous forests (261 species, or 35.3%). distribution of 7 areographical categories have been From the species with Mediterranean type of distri- established. The European species are most numer- bution (4 species, or 1.5%) only the Mediterranean- ous (4 species). Investigations of this part of Pirin Central Asian, Holomediterranean and South Mt. almost lack.

References

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Authors’ address: Zdravko Hubenov, National Museum of Natural History - BAS, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail: [email protected]

255 256 Zdravko Hubenov Двукрилите насекоми (Insecta: Diptera) на Пирин

Здравко Хубенов

(Резюме) На Пирин са установени 742 вида двукрили, които спадат към 43 семейства. Най-много видове са намерени в пояса на буковите гори (394 вида – 53.2%). Установените видове принадлежат към 72 ареалографски категории. В зоогеографско отношение се очертават 2 основни групи: 1) видо- ве с медитерански тип на разпространение (48 вида – 6.4%) – по-топлолюбиви и разпространени предимно в южните части на Палеарктика, към които формално са прибавени и 5 вида от южен тип, разпространени и извън Палеарктика; 2) видове с палеарктичен и евросибирски тип на раз- пространение (694 вида – 93.6%) – по-студенолюбиви и по-широко разпространени в Палеарктика, към които формално са отнeсени и 155 вида от северен тип, разпространени и извън Палеарктика. Зоогеографският характер на тахинидната фауна се определя от втората група. Съотношението на двете групи е различно в отделните растителни пояси на Пирин.

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