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Najudaljeniji Naseljeni Hrvatski Otok

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Najudaljeniji Naseljeni Hrvatski Otok Razvitak hrvatskih otoka NAJUDALJENIJI NASELJENI HRVATSKI OTOK Lastovo je od kopna najudaljeniji LASTOVO - THE MOST DISTANT INHABITED CROATIAN naseljeni hrvatski otok, a okrenut je ISLAND pučini i nalazi se nadomak velikih dubina Jadranskog mora prema ju- Lastovo is a distant and sparsely populated island that belongs to the group of south Dalmatian islands. It is surrounded by many smaller islands around which lie goistoku. Otok je u sastavu južno- habitats of numerous species of high quality fish. Lastovo has some smaller dalmatinske otočne skupine i prib- settlements, the most prominent being Ubli which is in fact the main port and the ližno je 32 km (17,3 Nm) udaljen od ferry terminal. The biggest and for a long time the only settlement on the island is Mljeta te 13 km (7,7 Nm) od Korču- Lastovo, situated in the northern portion of the island, on the back side of the steep le. Nalazi se južno od Korčule (dije- cliff that abruptly plunges into the sea. The town, surrounding a fertile field, is li ih Lastovski kanal), jugozapadno amphitheatric in form. it features valuable gothic, renaissance and baroque stone od poluotoka Pelješca i otoka Mljeta buildings and assemblages of housing units. Tall and highly unusual chimneys are i jugoistočno od Visa. Proteže se u of particular interest. Lastovo is currently very sparsely populated with weak and decaying economy and acute transportation problems. The water supply has smjeru istok-zapad i dug je 9,8 km i recently been improved through desalinization, and plans have been made to širok do 5,8 km. Površina mu je 46,87 improve the sewerage network and the local waste disposal dump. Lastovo is an 2 km , iako u mnogim izvorima piše i abundantly forested island with clean and unpolluted sea and coast. točno 50 km2. Po tome je petnaesti po veličini među hrvatskim otocima. Obala mu je duga 46,4 km s koefici- jentom razvedenosti od 1,9. Iako je nešto slabije razvedeno, Lastovo ima izuzetno mnogo otoka i otočića. To je cijeli jedan niz koji se od Lastova nastavlja prema zapadu i istoku, bu- dući da uz sjevernu obalu ima jedan otok (Zaklopatica ispred istoimene Zemljovid Lastova i okolnih otočića uvale), a uz južnu uopće nema oto- Lastovom doimaju kao svojevrsni kadašnjega planinskog lanca. Istoč- ka, osim dviju hridi (Uska i Mrca). nastavak otoka Mljeta i ostatak ne- na grupa otoka ima naziv Lastovci Zapravo se svi ti otočići zajedno s (ili Lastovnjaci), a dijeli se u dvije skupine. Istočniji Vrhovnjaci sastoje se od Sestrice vele i Sestrice male, Smokvice, Mukjente (ili Pod Smok- vice), Vlašnika gornjeg, Vlašnika srednjeg i Glavata te po dvije hridi (Mrkjente i Bratca) i jednoga bezi- menog grebena. Zapadnija se i Las- tovu bliža skupina naziva Donji ško- lji. Sastoje se od Tajana veljog, Arže- njaka velog, Arženjaka malog, Sap- luna (koji se nekad zvao Mladine), Golubinjaka malog i Golubinjaka velog, Češvinice, Štomorine, Kruči- ce, Petrovca, Za Barja, tri Lukovnja- ka (mali, srednji i gornji) te tri hridi (Tajan mali, Mrkjenta bijela, Mrk- jenta crna) i tri bezimena grebena. U zapadnom otočnom nizu otoci su nešto veći. To su (od istoka prema Svjetionik na otoku Sušcu GRAĐEVINAR 52 (2000) 8 479 Razvitak hrvatskih otoka sada zapušteno i potpuno neiskoriš- spominje i kao Sv. Mihajlo). Sve su teno. Inače uski prolaz između Prež- te lučice, osim Zaklopatice koju zat- be i Lastova dijeli najveći lastovski vara istoimeni otok, sigurne samo za zaljev na dva dijela - Veli (Velji) južnih vjetrova. Ostale su lastovske Lago na jugu i Mali Lago na sjeve- obale vrlo strme s velikim dubinama ru, koje zovu i Velo Jezero i Malo uza samu obalu. More oko Lastova Jezero. Veli je Lago dug 2 km i obiluju kvalitetnom ribom, posebno širok do 1 km, a na dnu zaljeva je jastozima po kojima je ovaj otok na- luka i uvala Ubli, glavna lastovka daleko poznat. Uostalom smatra se luka i trajektno pristanište. da na Jadranu nema boljih lovišta za najkvalitetnije vrste riba. Na slabo razvedenoj južnoj strani otoka, između rta Skriževa i rta Ve- U građi otoka prevladavaju donjo- ljega mora nalazi se prostrani zaljev kredni vapnenci. Osim najvećih u dnu kojega se smjestila Skrivena uzvisina, koje jedva prelaze 400 m luka, izvrsno sidrište za izletničke (Hum 417 m, Mali Hum 415 m, Ple- brodove s manjim naseljem. Na sje- ševo brdo 400 m) ima mnogo odvo- verozapadnoj i sjevernoj strani oto- jenih brežuljaka i krških dolomitskih ka nalaze se uvale Kručica, Zaklo- udolina s brojnim plodnim poljima. Most između Lastova i Prežbe patica i Luka Sv. Mihovil (negdje se Najveća su Vinopolje na zapadnom zapadu): Makarac, Prežba, Maslov- njak veli, Maslovnjak mali, Bratin, Vlašnik, Rutvenjak mali, Rutvenjak veli, Mrčara, Crnac, Kopist, Pod Kopist, Bijalac i Sušac te hridi Pod Mrčaru, Hljeb i Karlovića Tovari. Najveći od njih je najzapadniji Su- šac (4,6 km2), koji je potpuno odvo- jen od ostalih otoka. Taj je izdvojeni otok zbog mora bogatog ribom bio u prošlosti povod čestih svađa viških, korčulanskih i lastovskih ribara. Na otoku postoje ostaci antičkoga forti- fikacijskog sklopa i prapovijesne ilirske gomile. U ranom srednjem vijeku izgrađen je samostan benedi- ktinaca s crkvom Sv. Nikole, koji su Skrivena luka s u požaru stradalom okolicom danas u ruševnom stanju, a u blizini su i ruševine još jedne manje crkvi- ce. Zanimljivo je da na ovom otoku, koji ima oskudnu vegetaciju u kojoj dominira ružmarin i gnjezdište je brojnih ptica, uz stalnu svjetioničar- sku posadu živi i jedan brački pastir koji ima dvjestotinjak ovaca. Drugi otok po veličini je Prežba (zo- vu je i Priježba) koja je Lastovu i najbliža, zapravo odvojena je malim uskim i plitkim prolazom premošte- nim betonskim mostom. Na Prežbi je najviše zapuštenih građevina ne- kadašnje JNA s mnoštvom podzem- Uvala Zaklopatica nih spremišta i prolaza i sve je to 480 GRAĐEVINAR 52 (2000) 8 Razvitak hrvatskih otoka i Prgovo polje na istočnom dijelu otoka. Površinskih voda na otoku nema, tek zimi, za velikih kiša, nas- taju povremene bujice. Postojali su izvori pomalo boćate pitke vode u Ublima (to je i osnova njegova ime- na) te ponešto lokva u dnu polja ko- je obično ljeti presuše. Obično se tvrdi da je Lastovo pored Mljeta najšumovitiji jadranski otok. Ističu se guste borove šume, gusta i snažna makija s planikom, mrčom, divljom maslinom, rogačem, poviju- šama i sl. Brojni požari posljednjih godina nisu uspjeli dokrajčiti mno- gobrojne stoljetne česvine (crnike), najveće i najstarije koje smo sreli na svim našim otocima. Otočka fauna Panorama Lastova nije toliko bogata poput one u pod- morju, a sastoji se od malih životi- ili iz Sirakuze. Rimljani su latinizi- Jadrana do Bizanta (kojega su ome- nja i ptica. Zanimljivo jest da nema rali ime otoka i dali mu mnogo sve- otrovnih zmija kojih ima na susjed- tali neretvanski i hrvatski gusari) čaniji naziv - Augusta insula, što nim otocima. Zabilježeno je da je 998. godine osvojio i poharao Vis. zapravo znači carski otok. U sred- nekada općina držala gnijezda jas- Nakon toga je sa svojom moćnom njem se vijeku pisalo Augusta, La- trebova i sokolova. flotom prikupljao ključeve gradova gusta i Lagosta. Istodobno je preko od Raba do Dubrovnika. Oduprli su Lastovo inače posjeduje sve značaj- romanskog oblika Lasta (nastalog mu se jedino Korčula, koju je lako ke mediteranskog podneblja, prije kraćenjem izvornog Ladesta) i sla- pokorio, i Lastovo. Lastovci su se, svega blage i vlažne zime te topla, venskog nastavka -ovo nastalo da- čini se, previše pouzdali u snagu sušna i duga ljeta. Zbog svoje uro- našnje Lastovo. To ime (u obliku tò svoje utvrde s koje su nadzirali i njenosti u jadransku pučinu, taj otok Làstovon) bilježi i Konstantin Por- napadali sav promet oko otoka, a rjeđe od ostalih otoka doživljava firogenet u 10. stoljeću, što uz druge koji je bio prva čvrsta točka na putu iznenadne promjene vremena. Sa dokaze potvrđuje da je u to vrijeme iz bogate Apulije u Zadar, središte 2700 sunčanih sati u godini pripada Lastovo bilo nastanjeno Hrvatima. Dalmacije. No kaštel je u napadu najsunčanijim otocima. Prosječna 0 Najstariji tragovi života pronađeni zimska temperatura (gotovo 9 C) potpuno razoren i od tada je otok za su u Račoj špilji i špilji Puzavici, a neznatno je niža od hvarske, iako je puna dva stoljeća utonuo u povijes- nakon Ilira (o čijem životu na otoku Hvar u to vrijeme znatno vjetrovitiji nu šutnju. Nije točno utvrđeno gdje svjedoče brojne gomile i gradine), i kišovitiji. Kiše godišnje padne 687 je bila ta prvotna lastovska tvrđava, nedokazanih Grka te kasnijih Rim- mm u prosjeku, no značajno je da no zna se da je bila iznad ondašnjega ljana, na otoku žive Hrvati. No prvi tijekom cijele godine ima u zraku i današnjega lastovskog sela. Pret- punom godinom datirani povijesni dosta vlage - prosječno 70 posto, a u postavlja se da je bila jedna u lancu događaj, koji bilježi postojanje na- ljetnim mjesecima 65 posto. Prevla- kasnoantičkih obrambenih građevi- selja i od kojega se počinje bilježiti davajući vjetrovi su jugo i maestral s na koje je početkom 6. stoljeća iz- novija lastovska povijest, dogodio tim što od listopada jačaju južni a gradio bizantski car Justinijan. se točno 1000. godine, tako da upra- slabe zapadni, dok je od svibnja obr- Inače valja istaknuti da Konstantin vo ove godine Lastovo bilježi puno nut slučaj. Porfirogenet spominjući Lastovo tisućljeće pisanog traga svog posto- izričito tvrdi da nije pod neretvan- Najstariji poznati oblik imena otoka janja. Te je godine mletački dužd skom vlašću, kao ni Vis ni Sušac. jest Ladesta ili Ladeston. Vjeruje se Petar II. Orseolo napao i razrušio da je upravo karakterični sufiks -est Da je bio pod bizantskom vlašću to čvrsti kaštel iznad Lastova te poha- dokaz da su mu ime dali Iliri.
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