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Maritime Interaction in Adriatic Prehistory Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2009 An overview of prehistoric and early historic settlement, topography, and maritime connections on Lastovo Island, Croatia Della Casa, Philippe ; Bass, Bryon ; Katunarić, Tea ; Kirigin, Branko ; Radić, Dinko Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-30443 Book Section Originally published at: Della Casa, Philippe; Bass, Bryon; Katunarić, Tea; Kirigin, Branko; Radić, Dinko (2009). An overview of prehistoric and early historic settlement, topography, and maritime connections on Lastovo Island, Croatia. In: Forenbaher, Stašo. A connecting sea: maritime interaction in Adriatic prehistory. Oxford: Archaeopress, 113-136. A Connecting Sea: Maritime Interaction in Adriatic Prehistory Edited by Stašo Forenbaher BAR International Series 2037 2009 This title published by Archaeopress Publishers of British Archaeological Reports Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED England [email protected] www.archaeopress.com BAR S2037 A Connecting Sea: Maritime Interaction in Adriatic Prehistory © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2009 ISBN 978 1 4073 0614 8 Printed in England by Blenheim Colour Ltd All BAR titles are available from: Hadrian Books Ltd 122 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7BP England [email protected] The current BAR catalogue with details of all titles in print, prices and means of payment is available free from Hadrian Books or may be downloaded from www.archaeopress.com 9 AN OVERVIEW OF PREHISTORIC AND EARLY HISTORIC SETTLEMENT, TOPOGRAPHY, AND MARITIME CONNECTIONS ON LASTOVO ISLAND, CROATIA Philippe Della Casa, Bryon Bass, Tea Katunarić, Branko Kirigin and Dinko Radić The Augusta Insula Project focuses on the Croatian island of Lastovo. These investigations are part of ongoing archaeological and interdisciplinary research in the southern Dalmatian archipelago conducted under the aegis of the Korčula Archaeology Research Group (KARG). Field studies focus on the application of heritage management practices pertinent to the island’s archaeological and historical resources. The first season’s research (2001) consisted of preliminary bibliographic studies and field survey, while the second field season (2003) comprised limited subsurface archaeological testing at the localities of Kaštel and Lučica. The third season (2007) focused on more intensive field survey, testing at the Sozanj site, informant interviews, and data collection. A GIS database has been developed to examine the inter-relationships of the sites, and their connections to the regional prehistoric and protohistoric coastal marine setting. The project is similar in scope to the Adriatic Island Project. Eventually, a joint database will enable the study of a large group of islands. Such a common data collection approach would be unique to Mediterranean archaeological research. Keywords: Bronze Age, Dalmatia, GIS analysis, Graeco-Roman period, Iron Age, Pottery, Radiocarbon dates, Survey Introduction Although Lastovo is one of the better known Croatian islands, prior to independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, Lastovo lies approximately 30 nautical miles off the the island was not open for general tourism, and only to Dalmatian coast, within an archipelago of 46 smaller islands a limited extent for academic research. This was due to between Mljet, Korčula and Sušac (Figure 1). The island’s the presence of a Yugoslav naval base on the island. Prior surface covers some 47km2. Currently, about 600 people to the 2001 season, archaeological investigations on the inhabit the island. Most live in Lastovo village, on the island were few, and there was no particular archaeological northern side of the island, or near the modern ferry harbor map pertaining to the island. Likewise, Lastovo is at the town of Ubli on Veljo lago, situated on the western side. southern end of the Jadrolinija ferry line, and extended Other villages with year-round inhabitants include Solitudo, travel is required to reach the island. Besides distance Skrivena Luka, and Zaklopatica. The island has various and the previous security issues, the overall lack of field sheltered bays and natural harbors suitable for anchorage, research can also be attributed to the fact that, for a brief among them Veljo and Malo lago, Kručica, Zaklopatica, time, Lastovo belonged to Italy, and was in general isolation Lučica and Skrivena luka. The island has a typical in the years following the Second World War. Mediterranean climate, with average annual temperatures of 15 °C and annual rainfall around 700mm. The island’s Investigated areas and archaeological situations geology comprises a Dinaric fault within an Upper Jurassic formation, with the highest elevation situated on Hum at Thus far, the Augusta Insula Project investigations have 415 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.). The island’s karst been part of ongoing archaeological and interdisciplinary relief is rugged, and the coastline topography is relatively research in the southern Dalmatian archipelago of Korčula, steep. The best agricultural soils, as is typical on other Sušac, and Lastovo (e.g., Adams 1999; Bass 1997, 1998, Dalmatian islands, are primarily limited to the terra rossa 2004; Bass et al. 1997; Della Casa and Bass 2001; Radić polja. Numerous caves are known around the calcareous et al. 1998, 2000; Radić and Bass 1999, 2001, 2002), with slopes of the polja, and large parts of Lastovo are still work on Lastovo generally conducted under the aegis of covered by natural pine and evergreen oak forest. the Korčula Archaeology Research Group (KARG). The multinational team for the 2001, 2003, and 2007 field Lastovo is known from early 4th century BC written campaigns on Lastovo consisted of archaeologists and sources under the name of Ladesta or Ladeston. It was geologists from Croatia, Switzerland, the United States, given the name ‘Augusta insula’ during Roman times and the United Kingdom. Research focused not only on by the emperor Augustus, appears as [Insula] Ladestris field survey, test excavations, and bibliographic surveys, but on the Tabula Peutingeriana, and in Medieval sources as also on the application of geographical information systems Augusta, Lagusta or Lagosta. The Slavic form of the name – (GIS) and heritage management practices. Lastobon, Lastovo – became current from the 10th century AD (see Jurica 2001; Migotti 1987; Radmilli 1970). The first research season of 2001 consisted of preliminary 113 Philippe Della Casa, Bryon Bass, Tea Katunarić, Branko Kirigin and Dinko Radić Figure 1. Map of the Adriatic and location of Lastovo Island. bibliographic studies and field survey, while the 2003 explored. Interviews were conducted with knowledgeable season consisted of limited subsurface archaeological residents of the island to investigate toponyms, unrecorded testing at the localities of Kaštel and Lučica. The third archaeological sites, and local anecdotal information season, completed in 2007, focused on more intensive field concerning the island. During the first season, Mr Ivan survey, mapping, informant interviews, and data collection. Čihoratić, Head of the Administrative Department of After the 2003 season, archaeologists from the University Lastovo Municipality, and keeper of the town museum in of Zurich developed a GIS database to examine site inter- the Knežev dvor, provided the team with former Yugoslav relationships, to explore their connections to the regional Army maps of the island, and indicated areas possibly prehistoric and protohistoric coastal marine setting, and to containing unexploded ordnance. Mr Čihoratić also took facilitate a more detailed approach to mapping the island. the team to view a small archaeological exhibit in an old The project is similar in scope to the Adriatic Islands Project church below a former duke’s residence. Dr Jurica, a (AIP) (see Kirigin et al. 2006, with further references). retired local historian living in Solitudo, provided insight into areas on the island that had not been checked for Over the three seasons, the field survey focused on various archaeological remains (nearly the entire surface of the polja (fields), lokve (seasonal ponds), hilltops, and the island) and discussed the island’s recent history and local environs around the Lastovo township. The team also cultural traditions. surveyed trails, roads, and isolated churches within the island’s rugged topography. Known cave localities were also The field survey was conducted by walking systematic 114 Settlement, Topography, and Maritime Connections on Lastovo Figure 2. Map of Lastovo Island with sites discussed in the text. transects over selected landscapes across the island. The 1980s and provided a very useful overview of particular team members walked abreast, at 10-meter intervals. As zones of interest, as well as of potential sites of the finds were encountered, the team would focus a more prehistoric and protohistoric periods. intensive survey in the immediate area to define the surface limits of the remains. Scatters of artifacts such as stone Pertinent investigations into Lastovo’s archaeology were tools, debitage, and pottery fragments were documented conducted during the 1900s (e.g. Galli 1938), while some as ‘sites’. Where possible, diagnostic finds were mapped, of the caves were visited and described (Marijanac 1956). collected from the surface, and placed into labeled plastic Radmilli excavated a trench in Spilja Rača
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