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Distribución Gratuita. Prohibida Su Venta Distribución Gratuita DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA. PROHIBIDA SU VENTA DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA. PROHIBIDA SU VENTA DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA. PROHIBIDA SU VENTA Primera edición, 2017 OBRA COMPLETA: ibsn 978-607-8328-92-5 VOLUMEN II: ibsn 978-607-8328-94-9 Coordinación y seguimiento general: Corrección de estilo: Andrea Cruz Angón1 Juana Moreno Armendáriz Antonio Ordorica Hermosillo2 Jessica Valero Padilla Diseño y formación: Erika Daniela Melgarejo1 Claudia Verónica Gómez Hernández Cuidado de la edición: Claudia Verónica Gómez Hernández Jessica Valero Padilla Erika Daniela Melgarejo1 Karla Carolina Nájera Cordero1 Jorge Cruz Medina1 Cartografía: Enrique Plascencia Hernández2 D.R. © 2017 Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad Liga Periférico – Insurgentes Sur 4903 Parques del Pedregal, Tlalpan, C.P. 14010 México,Ciudad de México. <http://www.conabio. gob.mx> D.R. © 2017 Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Territorial Av. Circunvalación Agustín Yañez 2343, colonia Moderna, C.P. 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco. <http://semadet.jalisco.gob.mx/> 1conabio, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiverdad,2 semadet, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Territorial Salvo en aquellas contribuciones que reflejan el trabajo y quehacer de las instituciones y organizaciones parti- cipantes, el contenido de las contribuciones es de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores. Impreso en México/Printed in Mexico DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA. PROHIBIDA SU VENTA DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA. PROHIBIDA SU VENTA DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA. PROHIBIDA SU VENTA Mensaje Una de cada tres especies de mamíferos y una de cada dos especies de aves de la fauna total de México se encuentran en Jalisco. Lo cual, siendo nuestro país el cuarto a escala mundial en biodiversidad, representa un gran compromiso en el ámbito medioambiental. Compromiso que requiere, al mismo tiempo, un esfuerzo integral de parte de todos los entes gubernamentales, sociales, educativos y empresariales para cumplir exitosamente los objetivos de preservación biológica que debemos garantizar para las futuras generaciones. Muestra de este empeño colectivo es este libro, La biodiversidad en Jalisco: Estudio de Estado, en el cual encon- tramos información relevante sobre nuestros ecosistemas y biodiversidad, así como de sus amenazas y condiciones de aprovechamiento, aspectos que sientan bases inmediatas para una relación más armónica y consciente entre los jaliscienses y nuestro entorno. Para concretar este documento, resaltamos la estrecha y permanente colaboración de la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (conabio) con la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Territorial (semadet), la Universidad de Guadalajara y la Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, instituciones que desde el año 2008 ofrecieron su colaboración para realizar esta obra inédita. Fueron 149 expertos de 29 instituciones nacionales y extranjeras quienes participaron en la concreción de este valioso documento que será de consulta obligada para todos los que deseemos conocer la riqueza biológica de nuestro estado y, en especial, para quienes diseñamos políticas públicas que repercuten en cualquier componente de nuestra biodiversidad. Jalisco cuenta con 22 áreas naturales protegidas bajo esquemas legales, lo que representa 10% del total de nues- tro territorio, al igual que la cuarta parte de nuestros litorales, es decir, 87.9 km. Somos un estado que se preocupa por la conservación de su patrimonio natural y en nuestro gobierno traba- jamos para que el capital medioambiental de los jaliscienses desempeñe una función determinante en la forma en que planteamos el desarrollo del estado a largo plazo. Por eso cuidamos nuestras selvas y bosques, actuamos ante los efectos del cambio climático y combatimos el daño a los ecosistemas provocado por la actividad humana, mientras impulsamos el uso de tecnologías limpias y el abastecimiento energético sustentable. La llegada de La biodiversidad en Jalisco: Estudio de Estado nos entusiasma porque será un soporte en nuestro trabajo como protectores y gestores de conciencia medioambiental en todos los jaliscienses para beneficio de nues- tras familias. Felicidades a todos los colaboradores por la publicación de este documento y a los jaliscienses, pues ahora contamos con un estudio certero sobre nuestra biodiversidad como reflejo de nuestra identidad y lugar en el mundo. Compartamos esta lectura. Lic. Jorge Aristóteles Sandoval Díaz Gobernador Constitucional del Estado de Jalisco DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA. PROHIBIDA SU VENTA DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA. PROHIBIDA SU VENTA Presentación El libro La biodiversidad en Jalisco. Estudio de Estado representa un avance significativo para la difusión del cono- cimiento sobre la diversidad biológica y su importancia para el desarrollo sustentable de este estado, que cuenta con fortalezas en sus instituciones académicas y en sus activas organizaciones sociales. Esta publicación es una contribución, con información confiable, acerca de la situación de la biodiversidad en Jalisco, que las autoridades gubernamentales, académicos, comunidades locales, grupos indígenas y sociedad en general podrán consultar y utilizar como base para tomar decisiones, diseñar estrategias de planeación y realizar nuevas investigaciones en beneficio del desarrollo sustentable de esta entidad y el bienestar de su sociedad. Si bien el Estudio de Estado es una “fotografía instantánea” del conocimiento y estado de conservación de la biodiversidad, que nos permite conocer el proceso de cambio y modificación de los ecosistemas, por lo que será necesario continuar con los esfuerzos para incrementar el conocimiento del capital natural de la entidad, así como para implementar acciones que ayuden a su conservación y utilización sustentable para beneficio, no solo de los dueños de ese capital natural, sino de toda la sociedad jalisciense y, finalmente, del país. Tengo la seguridad de que las instituciones locales, gubernamentales, académicas y sociales, darán continui- dad a los esfuerzos para incrementar el conocimiento sobre la biodiversidad del estado, el registro de los cambios en la misma y la identificación de las causas de tales cambios para incidir sobre éstas. Espero que también de su apoyo a la difusión de esta obra; sólo de esta manera se aplicará y será de utilidad para las instituciones guberna- mentales y para los habitantes de Jalisco. Por otro lado, este libro es un eslabón fundamental para la elaboración e instrumentación de la Estrategia para la Conservación y el Uso Sustentable de la Biodiversidad del Estado, la cual tiene como objetivo fundamental esta- blecer las prioridades para conservar y hacer uso racional del capital natural, incluidos los servicios ambientales que ese capital provee en beneficio de la sociedad de esta entidad. Para la conabio ha sido un privilegio colaborar con el Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco, especialmente con la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Territorial (semadet), la cual ha dado seguimiento puntual a esta iniciativa. Agradecemos el compromiso y dedicación de los 149 autores que pertenecen a 29 instituciones y organizaciones estatales, nacionales e internacionales, sin quienes no hubiera sido posible la elaboración de este libro, los felicitamos por la consumación de este gran esfuerzo. Este libro es un valioso legado para el conocimiento y estado de la biodiversidad, fundamental para la valora- ción y conservación del capital natural de Jalisco. Dr. José Sarukhán Kermez Coordinador Nacional de la conabio DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA. PROHIBIDA SU VENTA Índice Mensaje 7 Presentación 9 Introducción 13 Sección X: Diversidad de ecosistemas Resumen ejecutivo 23 Ecorregiones terrestres 27 Ecorregiones dulceacuicilas 61 Ecorregiones marinas y costeras 67 Sección XI: Diversidad de especies Resumen ejecutivo 79 La biodiversidad de pasado 83 Hongos 87 Algas 95 Musgos (Briophyta) 101 Helechos y plantas afines (Pteridophyta) 107 Gimnospermas 113 Las plantas con flores (Angiospermas) 123 Los amoles, izotes, magueyes, nardos y yucas (familia Agavaceae) 135 Las compuestas (familia Asteraceae o Compositae) 143 Los cactus (familia Cactaceae) 151 Leguminosas (familia Leguminosae) 157 Los encinos y robles (familia Fagaceae) 165 Los cepillos y los mangles blanco y botoncillo (familia Combretaceae) 175 Los álamos y sauces (familia Salicaceae) 183 Papelillos y copales (familia Burseraceae) 187 Las plantas vasculares endémicas 191 Los jardines botánicos y herbarios 197 Fauna helmitológica de vertebrados silvestres 203 Lombrices de tierra (Annelida, Oligoqueta) 209 Artrópodos 213 Estudio de caso: Avispas parasíticas de la familia Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) en la Estación Biológica de Chamela 224 Estudio de caso: Avispas parasíticas de la familia Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) 228 Estudio de caso: Avispas parasitarias de la familia Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) 232 Estudio de caso: Avispas parasíticas de la familia Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) 236 Estudio de caso: Polillas nocturnas de la subfamilia Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 240 Los ciempiés (Chilopoda) y milpiés (Diplopoda) 245 Invertebrados marinos 251 Zooplancton de las costas de Jalisco 271 DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA. PROHIBIDA SU VENTA Peces continentales 279 Peces marinos y lagunar-estuarinos 287 Anfibios y eptilesr 297 Aves 309 Estudio de caso: Aves marinas, costeras e insulares 326 Estudio de caso: Monitoreo de aves acuáticas en el sitio Ramsar laguna de Sayula 334 Estudio de caso: Iniciativas locales para la observación de aves
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