Bioactive Compounds from a Polypore Fungus Ganoderma Applanatum (Per S
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Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions
United States Department of Field Guide to Agriculture Common Macrofungi Forest Service in Eastern Forests Northern Research Station and Their Ecosystem General Technical Report NRS-79 Functions Michael E. Ostry Neil A. Anderson Joseph G. O’Brien Cover Photos Front: Morel, Morchella esculenta. Photo by Neil A. Anderson, University of Minnesota. Back: Bear’s Head Tooth, Hericium coralloides. Photo by Michael E. Ostry, U.S. Forest Service. The Authors MICHAEL E. OSTRY, research plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN NEIL A. ANDERSON, professor emeritus, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN JOSEPH G. O’BRIEN, plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, St. Paul, MN Manuscript received for publication 23 April 2010 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. FOREST SERVICE U.S. Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 April 2011 Fax: (740)368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ CONTENTS Introduction: About this Guide 1 Mushroom Basics 2 Aspen-Birch Ecosystem Mycorrhizal On the ground associated with tree roots Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria 8 Destroying Angel Amanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera 9 The Omnipresent Laccaria Laccaria bicolor 10 Aspen Bolete Leccinum aurantiacum, L. insigne 11 Birch Bolete Leccinum scabrum 12 Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay On wood Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus populinus (P. ostreatus) 13 Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum -
Bridgeoporus Nobilissimus Is Much More Abundant Than Indicated by the Presence of Basidiocarps in Forest Stands
North American Fungi Volume 10, Number 3, Pages 1-28 Published May 29, 2015 Bridgeoporus nobilissimus is much more abundant than indicated by the presence of basidiocarps in forest stands Matthew Gordon1 and Kelli Van Norman2 1Molecular Solutions LLC, 715 NW Hoyt St., #2546, Portland, OR 97208, USA 2Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program, USDI Bureau of Land Management Oregon State Office & USDA Forest Service Region 6, 1220 SW 3rd Ave., Portland, OR 97204, USA Gordon, M., and K. Van Norman. 2015. Bridgeoporus nobilissimus is much more abundant than indicated by the presence of basidiocarps in forest stands. North American Fungi 10(3): 1-28. http://dx.doi:10.2509/naf2015.010.003 Corresponding author: Matt Gordon [email protected]. Accepted for publication May 4, 2015. http://pnwfungi.org Copyright © 2015 Pacific Northwest Fungi Project. All rights reserved. Abstract: The polypore Bridgeoporus nobilissimus produces large perennial basidiocarps on large diameter Abies stumps, snags and trees in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Despite the size and persistence of the basidiocarps, they are rarely observed, making the conservation of this species a concern. We determined that a genetic marker for this fungus could be detected in DNA extracted from wood cores taken from trees hosting basidiocarps. We then tested 105 trees and stumps that did not host B. nobilissimus basidiocarps in plots surrounding B. nobilissimus conks, and 291 trees and stumps in randomly located plots in four stands that contained at least one B. nobilissimus basidiocarp. We found that trees of all sizes throughout all of the stands hosted B. -
A New Record of Ganoderma Tropicum (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) for Thailand and First Assessment of Optimum Conditions for Mycelia Production
A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 51:A new65–83 record (2019) of Ganoderma tropicum (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) for Thailand... 65 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.51.33513 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new record of Ganoderma tropicum (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) for Thailand and first assessment of optimum conditions for mycelia production Thatsanee Luangharn1,2,3,4, Samantha C. Karunarathna1,3,4, Peter E. Mortimer1,4, Kevin D. Hyde3,5, Naritsada Thongklang5, Jianchu Xu1,3,4 1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei- jing 100049, China 3 East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 4 Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies (CMES), Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 5 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Corresponding author: Jianchu Xu ([email protected]); Peter E. Mortimer ([email protected]) Academic editor: María P. Martín | Received 30 January 2019 | Accepted 12 March 2019 | Published 7 May 2019 Citation: Luangharn T, Karunarathna SC, Mortimer PE, Hyde KD, Thongklang N, Xu J (2019) A new record of Ganoderma tropicum (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) for Thailand and first assessment of optimum conditions for mycelia production. MycoKeys 51: 65–83. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.51.33513 Abstract In this study a new record of Ganoderma tropicum is described as from Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. The fruiting body was collected on the base of a livingDipterocarpus tree. -
Wood Decay Fungi in Landscape Trees
Pest Notes, Publication 74109 Revised August 2019 Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals Wood Decay Fungi in Landscape Trees everal fungal diseases, sometimes called heart rots, Ssap rots, or canker rots, decay wood in tree trunks Figure 1. White rot of oak. and limbs (Figures 1 and 2). Under conditions favor- ing growth of specific rot fungi, extensive portions of the wood of living trees can decay in a relatively short time (i.e., months to years). Decay fungi reduce wood strength and may kill storage and conductive tissues in the sapwood. While most species of woody plants are subject to trunk and limb decay, older and weaker trees are most susceptible. DAMAGE Decay fungi destroy cell wall components; including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, that make up the woody portion of a tree. Depending on the organism, decay fungi can destroy the living (sapwood) or the central core (heartwood) part of the tree. Decay isn’t always visible on the outside of the tree, except where the bark Figure 2. Heart brown rot in a conifer trunk. has been cut or injured, when a cavity is present, or when rot fungi produce reproductive structures. Wood decay can make trees hazardous, of wood weight can result in 70 to 90% as infected trunks and limbs become loss in wood strength. Many branches unable to support their own weight and that fall from trees appear sound, but fall, especially when stressed by wind, upon analysis, they were colonized by Authors: heavy rain, or other conditions. Decay wood decay organisms. -
Identification, Effects and Management of 5 Types of Decay Organisms Found in Seattle Parks
Identification, Effects and Management of 5 types of decay organisms found in Seattle Parks Chris Rippey, Arborist [email protected] • Third generation Arborist • Grew up in the bay area of California. • Was 16 when I started working with my dad in tree care • I fell in love with tree work, not trees • Managed the preventative tree maintenance programs at Stanford University for 14 years. • Moved to Washington and began working for Seattle Parks 2 ½ years ago Seattle Parks System - 6,412 Total Acres - 4,016 Acres of Developed Park - 2,396 Acres of Natural Area - 480 Parks - >300,000 trees - >16,000 trees in our tree inventory Seward Park 1920 Ravenna Park 1922 What are we focusing on? - 171,615 trees in our Buffer Zone. - Buffer Zone is a 50’ buffer around high use areas like beaches, paved roads and trails, playgrounds…etc) - Buffer Zones are on average 56% of a given park Tree Risk Inspections Terms & Matrix TERM DEFINITION Likelihood of failure and impacts Imminent Failure has started or is most likely to occur in the near future even if there is no weather forces/rare occurrence. Will fail in a storm. Probable Failure may be expected under normal weather within a time frame. Likely to fail in a severe storm. Possible Failure could occur, but is unlikely during normal weather. May fail in a severe storm. Improbable Tree or branch failure not likely under normal conditions and may not fail in severe weather within a time frame. Risk rating High Failed tree or part will likely impact a target. -
Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains
39. Ganoderma Root Rot or White Mottled Rot James T. Blodgett Ganoderma root rot, also called white mottled rot, is caused by the fungus Ganoderma applanatum. This fungus is found in all 50 states and occurs throughout North America and Europe. It is a pathogen and a common wood-decaying fungus of roots and lower stems (butts) of many deciduous and some coniferous trees species. Ganoderma-caused root rot has been reported in live trees, such as apple (Malus spp.), aspen (Populus spp.), basswood (Tilia spp.), beech (Fagus spp.), birch (Betula spp.), cherry (Prunus spp.), citrus (Citrus spp.), cottonwood (Populus spp.), elm (Ulmus spp.), hemlock (Tsuga spp.), hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), horsechestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos), maple (Acer spp.), mul- berry (Morus spp.), oak (Quercus spp.), spruce (Picea spp.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and willow (Salix spp.). G. applanatum is commonly known as the artist’s conk. The name comes from the use of its fruiting bodies as a drawing medium by artists (fig. 39-1). When the fresh lower surface is rubbed or scratched, it immediately changes Figure 39-1—Drawing on the lower from white to dark brown, producing shading or surface of Ganoderma applanatum conk visible lines. When the conk is dried, drawings (James J. Worrall, U.S. Forest Service). become permanent. Hosts and Distribution In the Great Plains, G. applanatum occurs predominantly in aspen, cottonwoods, and other Populus species. This fungal pathogen is irregularly distributed across the Great Plains, but its distribution is not well documented in many areas. -
Antibacterial Activity, Optimal Culture Conditions and Cultivation of the Medicinal Ganoderma Australe, New to Thailand
1108 Mycosphere 8(8): 1108–1123 (2017) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/8/11 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Antibacterial activity, optimal culture conditions and cultivation of the medicinal Ganoderma australe, new to Thailand Luangharn T1,2, Karunarathna SC1,2, Khan S1,2, Xu JC1,2*, Mortimer PE1,2 and Hyde KD1,2,3,4,5 1 Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China. 2 World Agroforestry Centre, China & East-Asia Office, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China.3 3 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. 4 School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. 5 Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand. Luangharn T, Karunarathna SC, Khan S, Xu JC, Mortimer PE, Hyde KD 2017 – Antibacterial activity, optimal culture conditions and cultivation of the medicinal Ganoderma australe, new to Thailand. Mycosphere 8(8), 1108–1123, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/8/11 Abstract Ganoderma is a well-known genus of medicinal mushrooms that belongs to the order Polyporales. Many members of this genus are extensively used in traditional Asian medicines. Herein we report a new strain of Ganoderma australe collected in Thailand and identified using macro- and micro-morphological characteristics as well as phylogenetic analysis. The optimal conditions for mycelia growth were 25–30 ºC at pH 7–8, while sorghum and barley were found to be the best grain media for spawn production. -
Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a New Polypore Species and Genus from Finland
Ann. Bot. Fennici 54: 159–167 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 18 April 2017 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2017 Caudicicola gracilis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a new polypore species and genus from Finland Heikki Kotiranta1,*, Matti Kulju2 & Otto Miettinen3 1) Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) 2) Biodiversity Unit, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland 3) Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Received 10 Jan. 2017, final version received 23 Mar. 2017, accepted 27 Mar. 2017 Kotiranta H., Kulju M. & Miettinen O. 2017: Caudicicola gracilis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a new polypore species and genus from Finland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 54: 159–167. A new monotypic polypore genus, Caudicicola Miettinen, Kotir. & Kulju, is described for the new species C. gracilis Kotir., Kulju & Miettinen. The species was collected in central Finland from Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris stumps, where it grew on undersides of stumps and roots. Caudicicola gracilis is characterized by very fragile basidiocarps, monomitic hyphal structure with clamps, short and wide tramal cells, smooth ellipsoid spores, basidia with long sterigmata and conidiogenous areas in the margins of the basidiocarp producing verrucose, slightly thick-walled conidia. The genus belongs to the residual polyporoid clade of the Polyporales in the vicinity of Steccherinaceae, but has no known close relatives. Introduction sis taxicola, Pycnoporellus fulgens and its suc- cessional predecessor Fomitopsis pinicola, and The species described here was found when deciduous tree trunks had such seldom collected Heino Kulju, the brother of the second author, species as Athelopsis glaucina (on Salix) and was making a forest road for tractors. -
Polypore Diversity in North America with an Annotated Checklist
Mycol Progress (2016) 15:771–790 DOI 10.1007/s11557-016-1207-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Polypore diversity in North America with an annotated checklist Li-Wei Zhou1 & Karen K. Nakasone2 & Harold H. Burdsall Jr.2 & James Ginns3 & Josef Vlasák4 & Otto Miettinen5 & Viacheslav Spirin5 & Tuomo Niemelä 5 & Hai-Sheng Yuan1 & Shuang-Hui He6 & Bao-Kai Cui6 & Jia-Hui Xing6 & Yu-Cheng Dai6 Received: 20 May 2016 /Accepted: 9 June 2016 /Published online: 30 June 2016 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract Profound changes to the taxonomy and classifica- 11 orders, while six other species from three genera have tion of polypores have occurred since the advent of molecular uncertain taxonomic position at the order level. Three orders, phylogenetics in the 1990s. The last major monograph of viz. Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales, accom- North American polypores was published by Gilbertson and modate most of polypore species (93.7 %) and genera Ryvarden in 1986–1987. In the intervening 30 years, new (88.8 %). We hope that this updated checklist will inspire species, new combinations, and new records of polypores future studies in the polypore mycota of North America and were reported from North America. As a result, an updated contribute to the diversity and systematics of polypores checklist of North American polypores is needed to reflect the worldwide. polypore diversity in there. We recognize 492 species of polypores from 146 genera in North America. Of these, 232 Keywords Basidiomycota . Phylogeny . Taxonomy . species are unchanged from Gilbertson and Ryvarden’smono- Wood-decaying fungus graph, and 175 species required name or authority changes. -
Ethno Mycological Notes on the Use of Polypore Fungi in Domestic Production of Alcoholic Beverages in Bulgaria
Research Journal of Food and Nutrition Volume 2, Issue 3, 2018, PP 13-17 ISSN 2637-5583 Ethno mycological Notes on the Use of Polypore Fungi in Domestic Production of Alcoholic Beverages in Bulgaria MayaP. Stoyneva-Gärtner1*, BlagoyA. Uzunov1, PetyaH. Dimitrova1 and NeshoChipev2 1Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. KlimentOhridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., Sofia- 1164, Bulgaria 2Department of Ecosystem Research, Environmental Risk Assessment and Conservation Biology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, Sofia-1113, Bulgaria *Corresponding Author: MayaP. Stoyneva-Gärtner, Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. KlimentOhridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov, Blvd., Sofia-1164, Bulgaria ABSTRACT Domestic production of alcoholic beverages in Bulgaria has long tradition and iswidespread throughout the country. The paper provides ethnomycological data related with the special colorationand maturation of national brandy named vernacularly as rakiya by using of polypore fungi which develop on mulberries. Thecoloration and maturation by Fomitiporia robusta was tested by the authors on domestically produced cherry-plum rakiya and was related with the presence of tannins proved during the study in this polypore fungus. The usage of other, similarly looking, hoof-like fungi with a tube hymenophore, which contain tannins with the same purpose by Bulgarian people is supposed but needs confirmation in future studies. Keywords: brandy, Fomiti poriaro busta, mulberry, rakiya, tannins INTRODUCTION of the smoke tree (Cotinuscoggygria Scop.) are used to color the rakiya.The development of The usage of fungi in production of alcoholic some polypore fungi (Polyporaless.l.) on the beverages is known since time immemorial. -
MUSHROOMS of the OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled By
MUSHROOMS OF THE OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled by Dana L. Richter, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI for Ottawa National Forest, Ironwood, MI March, 2011 Introduction There are many thousands of fungi in the Ottawa National Forest filling every possible niche imaginable. A remarkable feature of the fungi is that they are ubiquitous! The mushroom is the large spore-producing structure made by certain fungi. Only a relatively small number of all the fungi in the Ottawa forest ecosystem make mushrooms. Some are distinctive and easily identifiable, while others are cryptic and require microscopic and chemical analyses to accurately name. This is a list of some of the most common and obvious mushrooms that can be found in the Ottawa National Forest, including a few that are uncommon or relatively rare. The mushrooms considered here are within the phyla Ascomycetes – the morel and cup fungi, and Basidiomycetes – the toadstool and shelf-like fungi. There are perhaps 2000 to 3000 mushrooms in the Ottawa, and this is simply a guess, since many species have yet to be discovered or named. This number is based on lists of fungi compiled in areas such as the Huron Mountains of northern Michigan (Richter 2008) and in the state of Wisconsin (Parker 2006). The list contains 227 species from several authoritative sources and from the author’s experience teaching, studying and collecting mushrooms in the northern Great Lakes States for the past thirty years. Although comments on edibility of certain species are given, the author neither endorses nor encourages the eating of wild mushrooms except with extreme caution and with the awareness that some mushrooms may cause life-threatening illness or even death. -
Fruiting Body Production Of, and Suitable Environmental Ranges For
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 21(2):121–129 (2019) Fruiting Body Production of, and Suitable Environmental Ranges for, Growing the Umbrella Polypore Medicinal Mushroom, Polyporus umbellatus (Agaricomycetes), in Natural Conditions in Central Europe Vladimír Kuncaa,* & Martin Pavlíkb aFaculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia; bFaculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia *Address all correspondence to: Vladimír Kunca, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia; [email protected] ABSTRACT: This article presents the ecological distribution of the edible and medicinal mushroom Polyporus umbellatus in Central Europe. Our main motivation is to describe the potential for commercial cultivation of this species. All data considered in this study are based on records from 70 localities in Slovakia. Fruiting bodies and sclerotia have been recorded in forests in which beech, hornbeam, and oak dominate, at altitudes ranging from 150 to 935 m (mean altitude, 403 m). In Slovakia, these areas correspond to warm, hilly, and upland beech-oak and oak- beech forests. Mean annual air temperature between 6°C and 9°C characterizes about 94% of the areas. Continuous monitoring of fruiting body production at 13 plots showed peak growth in August. In total, 192 fruiting bodies were recorded over a 5-year period. P. umbellatus predominantly grows in acidic soils (pH 4.5–4.99), with no individuals IRXQGLQVRLOVZLWKS+DERYH2XU¿QGLQJVFDQEHXVHGIRUJURZLQJWKHIXQJXVDQGH[SDQGLQJLWVJURZWKWRQHZ regions, not only in Central Europe. KEY WORDS: altitude, edible and medicinal mushrooms, mean annual temperature, Polyporus umbellatus, Slovakia, soil pH I.