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Over Het Boek Portretten Van Een Aantal Beroemde Nederduitse Over het boek Portretten van een aantal beroemde Nederduitse schilders 1 Inhoudsopgave INLEIDING ....................................................................................................................................................4 1 BESCHRIJVING VAN DE 1572 EDITIES ....................................................................................................5 2 DE ROLVERDELING BIJ DE TOTSTANDKOMING VAN HET BOEK ............................................................6 2.1 DOMINICUS LAMPSONIUS ................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 HIERONYMUS COCK (1507?-1570) .................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 CORNELIS CORT .............................................................................................................................................. 8 2.4 JOHANNES (JAN) WIERIX ................................................................................................................................... 9 3 DE INHOUD VAN PICTORUM ALIQUOT CELEBRIUM GERMANIAE INFERIORIS EFFIGIES ...................... 10 3.1 OVER DE SELECTIE VAN KUNSTENAARS .................................................................................................................10 3.2 EDITIES EN RECEPTIE........................................................................................................................................11 4 DE PORTRETTEN ................................................................................................................................. 12 4.1.1 Hubert van Eyck (1366? - 1426) .....................................................................................................12 4.1.2 Jan van Eyck (ca 1390 – 1441) .......................................................................................................12 4.1.3 Hieronymus Bosch (1450/60 – 1516) .............................................................................................14 4.1.4 Rogier van der Weyden (1399/1400 – 1464) ..................................................................................14 4.1.5 Dirck Bouts (ca 1415 – 1475) .........................................................................................................16 4.1.6 Bernard van Orley (ca 1488 – 1541) ...............................................................................................16 4.1.7 Jan Gossaert (Mabuse) (ca 1472 – 1536) ......................................................................................18 4.1.8 Joachim Patinier (1485 – 1524) .....................................................................................................18 4.1.9 Quinten Metsys (1466 – 1530) .......................................................................................................20 4.1.10 Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533) .......................................................................................................20 4.1.11 Jan van Amstel (ca. 1500 - ca. 1542) ..............................................................................................22 4.1.12 Joos van Cleve (ca1485-1540) ........................................................................................................22 4.1.13 Mathijs Cock (ca 1510 – 1548) .......................................................................................................24 4.1.14 Herri Bles (1500? – 1550?).............................................................................................................24 4.1.15 Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen (ca 1500-1559) .........................................................................................26 4.1.16 Pieter Coecke van Aelst (1502 – 1550) ...........................................................................................26 4.1.17 Jan van Scorel (1495 – 1562) .........................................................................................................28 4.1.18 Lambert Lombard (1505 – 1566) ...................................................................................................28 4.1.19 Pieter Brueghel de oude (1525/30 – 1569) .....................................................................................30 4.1.20 Willem Key (ca1515 – 1568) ..........................................................................................................30 4.1.21 Lucas Gassel (1495/1500 – 1570) ..................................................................................................32 4.1.22 Frans Floris (1519/20 – 1570) ........................................................................................................32 4.1.23 Hieronymus Cock (ca 1520 – 1568) ................................................................................................34 5 CONCLUSIES ....................................................................................................................................... 36 6 BIBLIOGRAFIE ..................................................................................................................................... 37 7 HERKOMST VERGELIJKENDE AFBEELDINGEN ...................................................................................... 39 8 BIJLAGE A: OVERZICHT EDITIES KUNSTENAARSPORTRETTEN (EFFIGIES..) 16E EN 17E EEUW ............... 40 9 BIJLAGE B: OVERZICHT GRAVEURS EN GEPORTRETTEERDEN .............................................................. 41 2 3 OVER HET BOEK PICTORUM ALIQUOT CELEBRIUM GERMANIAE INFERIORIS EFFIGIES Portretten van een aantal beroemde Nederduitse schilders Dominicus Lampsonius 1572 Werkstuk Onderzoekwerkgroep beeldende kunst 1600 - 1800 Cursus 2008-2009 Kunstenaarsportretten uit de lage landen Docenten Prof. Dr. Peter Hecht, Hilbert Lootsma MA Departement Geschiedenis en Kunstgeschiedenis Faculteit Geesteswetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht Geschreven door: Pieter C. Vis, studentnummer 3067785 Rhenen, 26 januari 2009 Omslag voorzijde: Foto van het exemplaar "Pictorum aliquot celebrium Germaniae inferioris effigies Antwerpen 1600", Bibliotheek Universiteit Leiden; KUNSTG RB II B 32 Omslag achterzijde en binnenbladen: Foto's van het exemplaar "Pictorum aliquot celebrium Germaniae inferioris effigies Antwerpen 1572", Rijksprentenkabinet Amsterdam nummer C/RM0071.ASC/216 * 1 standplaats 325 C 6 4 Inleiding In het werkstuk over het Portret van een jongeman met een schedel1 van Lucas van Leyden kwam een boek van Dominicus Lampsonius ter sprake. De eerste uitgave van 1572 bevatte een portret van Lucas van Leyden dat duidelijk geïnspireerd was op een tekening van Dürer van genoemde kunstenaar. In een volgende editie was dit portret vervangen door de gravure van de Jongeman, wat een vraag opriep omtrent de beweegreden van Lampsonius om deze verandering toe te passen. Een mogelijke suggestie was dat Karel van Mander degene was die de auteur tot voornoemde wijziging bracht. Om een dergelijke vraag te kunnen beantwoorden dient eerst een andere vraagstelling aan de orde te komen: hoe kwam Lampsonius aan de portretten van de door hem opgenomen kunstenaars en meer in algemene zin: wat is er bekend van het boek van Lampsonius. Hiertoe zijn de edities van Pictorum aliquot celebrium Germaniae inferioris effigies onderzocht, waarbij de portretten van de tweede druk – zonder de fouten van de eerste – als uitgangspunt zijn genomen. Voor de vertaling van de dichtregels van Lampsonius is het Schilder-Boeck (1604) van Karel van Mander gebruikt, die de meeste Latijnse verzen heeft vertaald. De portrettenreeks van Lampsonius was en is nog steeds een veel geraadpleegd boek als het gaat om het uiterlijk van zestiende- en in mindere mate van vijftiende-eeuwse kunstenaars uit de lage landen. Er zijn door diverse auteurs suggesties gedaan over de door de kunstenaars gebruikte bronnen voor deze gravures, waarbij met name het werk van Jean Puraye2, dat dateert van 1956, genoemd moet worden. In dit werkstuk worden de geopperde mogelijkheden in beeld gebracht en aan een kritisch oordeel onderworpen, waarbij het vooral gaat om de toetsing van de betrouwbaarheid van de kunstenaarsportretten. 1 Beschrijving van de 1572 edities Pictorum aliquot celebrium Germaniae inferioris effigies werd uitgegeven door de firma Aux quatre Vents (In de Vier Winden), een vooraanstaand uitgeversbedrijf dat opgericht was door Hieronymus Cock. Omdat Cock twee jaar voor het verschijnen van het boek overleed, heeft zijn weduwe Volckxen Dierckx de uitgave overgenomen. Het boek heeft het formaat van klein folio (275 x 197 mm) en is slechts 10 mm dik.3 De uitgave bevat drieëntwintig genummerde afbeeldingen van schilders uit de lage landen, die leefden in de vijftiende en de zestiende eeuw, maar overleden waren vóór het verschijnen van de eerste editie in 1572. De volgorde van de geselecteerde kunstenaars is min of meer chronologisch naar het jaar van overlijden of geboorte. De FIGUUR 1 TWEE PAGINA'S UIT DE EERSTE DRUK 1 Vis, P.C., Portret van een jongeman met een schedel, Rhenen 2008 p. 1-9 2 Puraye, Jean and Dominicus Lampsonius, Les effigies des peintres célèbres des Pays-Bas, Paris 1956 p. 3 Deze afmetingen betreffen een exemplaar dat zich in het Rijksprentenkabinet te Amsterdam bevindt. De prenten zijn eerste afdrukken, maar losgesneden en geplakt in een kaft van latere datum. 5 gravures hebben alle een formaat van circa 21 x 12 cm. De kunstenaars zijn ten halve lijve (alleen Jan Cornelis Vermeyen iets meer), driekwart en frontaal geportretteerd,
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