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17/2016 Jumalan Armon Vapauttamat lähetysteologinen aikAkauskirjA - journal Of missionTÄSSÄ NUMEROSSA-theolo - IN THIS VOLUME gy VOLUME 17 (2016) Jumalan armon vapauttamat lähetysteologinen aikakauskirja - journal of mission-theology VOLUME 17 (2016) Jumalan armon vapauttamat LÄHETYSTEOLOGINEN AIKAKAUSKIRJA - JOURNAL OF MISSION THEOLOGY VOLUME 17 (2016) Jumalan armon vapauttamat JULKAISIJA - PUBLISHER Kirkon lähetystyön keskus (KLK) - Office for Global Mission PÄÄTOIMITTAJA Risto Jukko TÄMÄN NUMERON TOIMITTAJAT Risto Jukko ja Jaakko Rusama TAITTO Emma Martikainen KANNEN KUVA Juho Ruohola KUVAT ESIINTYMISJÄRJESTYKSESSÄ Suomen Lähetysseura / kuvapalvelu Miikka Ruokasen kuva-arkisto Luterilaisen maailmanliiton kuva-arkisto Kirkkojen maailmanneuvoston kuva-arkisto Fotonipa PAINO Grano Oy Kuopio 2016 PAINOS 700 kpl ISBN 978-951-789-561-3 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-789-562-0 (PDF) ISSN 0788-9518 http://sakasti.evl.fi/lahetysteologinenaikakauskirja SISÄLLYS - CONTENTS Lukijalle .............................................................................................................................................................................5 RISTO A. AHONEN Globaalin kristinuskon haasteet....................................................................................................................................7 MIIKKA RUOKANEN Jumalan missio ja kirkon kasvu ................................................................................................................................. 13 FIDON R. MWOMBEKI Liberation in postmodern mission theology and practice .................................................................................... 22 FIDON R. MWOMBEKI Vapautus postmodernissa teologiassa ja käytännössä ........................................................................................... 29 MARINA NGURSANGZELI BEHERA Liberated by God: Mission in India. The Mizo Response to the Gospel ........................................................... 30 MARINA NGURSANGZELI BEHERA Jumalan vapauttamat: Lähetystyö Intiassa. Mizo-kansa ja evankeliumi ............................................................ 40 JAAKKO MÄKELÄ Kirkon lähetystyön keskus 40 vuotta. Lähetysyhteistyön rakentamisen 60 vuoden kivinen tie .................41 Kyrkans missionscentral 40 år. Äntligen missionssamarbete efter 60 mödosamma år ...................................83 40 years of the Office for Global Mission. The difficult, 60-year road of building cooperation in mission ............................................................................................................................................................................ 87 Perussopimus lähetystyön järjestämisestä Suomen ev.-lut. kirkon ja lähetysjärjestön NN välillä .............. 91 Yhteinen todistus. Suomen evankelis-luterilaisen kirkon lähetyksen peruslinjaus ......................................... 94 Grundavtal om missionsarbete mellan evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland och missionsorganisationen NN ........................................................................................................................................ 98 Ett gemensamt vittnesbörd. Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland – allmänna riktlinjer för mission ...... 101 Framework Agreement between the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and its Mission Organisation NN .....................................................................................................................................105 Common witness. Basic Policy on Mission of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland ........................108 Das gemeinsame Zeugnis. Basisleitfäden für die Mission der Evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche Finnlands ......................................................................................................................................................................112 Tämän numeron kirjoittajat ...................................................................................................................................... 116 Lähetysteologisen Aikakauskirjan tähän mennessä ilmestyneet numerot ...................................................... 117 LUKIJALLE Tämä Lähetysteologisen Aikakauskirjan numero sisältää perjantaina 29.1.2016 Helsingin Tuomiokirkon kryp- tassa pidetyssä kansainvälisessä lähetysseminaarissa esitetyt puheenvuorot. Niitä on täydennetty ja toimitet- tu vastaamaan lehden toimituksellista linjaa. Kansainvälinen lähetysseminaari oli Kirkkohallituksen ulkoasiain osaston Kirkon lähetystyön keskuksen 40-vuotisjuhlaseminaari. Liitteenä on myös ns. perussopimus sekä joulukuussa 2015 kirkon ulkoasiain neuvoston hyväksymä ”Yh- teinen todistus. Suomen evankelis-luterilaisen kirkon lähetyksen peruslinjaus” kieliversioineen. Aikaisemman lähetysasiakirjan (2010) päivitetty versio on syntynyt laajan vuorovaikutuksellisen työskentelyn pohjalta. Lo- pullisen muodon on valmistanut kirkon lähetystyön toimikunta. Risto Jukko Jaakko Rusama Johtaja Lähetysteologi Kirkon lähetystyön keskus Kirkon lähetystyön keskus L UKIJALLE 5 6 LÄHETYSTEOLOGINEN AIKAKAUSKIRJA 17 (2016) RISTO A. AHONEN GLOBAALIN KRISTINUSKON HAASTEET Kirkon lähetystyön keskus on kuluneen 40 vuoden aikana ansiokkaasti tukenut suomalaista lähetystyötä ja välittänyt tietoa siitä, mitä maailmalla on tapahtunut. KLK on saanut toimia suuren murrosvaiheen keskellä. Historian muutosvaiheiden aikana myös kieli muuttuu ja on jatkuvan muutosprosessin alainen. Eräät keskeiset teologiset käsitteet saattavat vanhentua ja kantaa mukanaan historiallisia rasitteita (kuten denomination, youn- ger churches, Christendom). Globaali kirkko on eräs tärkeistä uusista käsitteistä. On hyvä kysyä, tuoko puhe globaalista kirkosta ja globalisoitumisesta mitään olennaisesti uutta ekumeeniseen keskusteluun.1 Kirkon universaalisuus ja katolisuus ilmaisevat teologisina käsitteinä rikkaammin kirkon olemuksen kuin globaali kirkko, mutta se on myös hyödyllinen ja kuvaa kirkon todellisuutta mm. kahdella tavalla. Ensinnäkin globaali kirkko korostaa kristinuskon maailmanlaajuista luonnetta ja kirkkojen riippuvuutta toisistaan. Se mitä tapahtuu kirkolle toisella puolen maapalloa koskee myös meitä. Rajattomassa maailmassa ihmiset liikkuvat, muuttavat, käyvät kauppaa ja osallistuvat tutkimustyöhön kaukana kotimaastaan. Toiseksi globaali kirkko muistuttaa lähetystyön tavoitteesta viedä todistus Kristuksesta ”aina maan ääriin saakka”. Tämä suuri tavoite on toteutunut maantieteellisessä mielessä niin, että miltei kaikista maista löytyy kristillinen kirkko. Vielä on kuitenkin paljon sellaisia ihmisryhmiä ja ihmisiä, jotka eivät ole kuulleet mitään Kristuksesta tai eivät enää halua kuulla hänestä mitään. Lähetystyö jatkuu, mutta maantieteellinen ulottuvuus ei painotu niin paljon kuin aikaisemmin. Sen sijaan esimerkiksi ajallinen, eskatologinen tavoite lähetystehtävän täyttämisestä tulee entistä selvemmin esille.2 Jeesus liitti lähetyksen ja kaiken lopun yhteen. Aikaa on niin kauan kuin lähetystyö on kesken. Kirkot ovat aikaisemmin vähätelleet eskatologiaa ja se on jäänyt opin muodostuksessa sivuun. Tunnettua on esim. Friedrich Schleiermacherin näkemys, jonka mukaan ”opilla viimeisistä ajoista” ei ole samaa painoarvoa kuin muilla opin- kohdilla. Eskatologia on jätetty villin mielikuvituksen temmellyskentäksi ja lopun ajan merkkien sensaatioha- kuiseksi selvittelyksi. Ihmiset eivät ole kuitenkaan menettäneet kiinnostustaan lopun aikoja kohtaan, vaan ovat luoneet kirkon vaietessa sekulaarin eskatologian. Viihdeteollisuus on kehittänyt oman elokuvalajinsa ihmiskun- nan viimeisten päivien kuvailusta tai avaruusmatkoista. Yllättävän paljon tilaa saavat televisiossa ja aikakausleh- dissä erilaiset ennustajat. Lisaksi futurologiasta on tullut varteenotettava tieteenala.3 Kristillisen uskon eskatologinen sanoma on ainutlaatuinen ja monipuolinen ja avaa näkymän siitä, miten kerran Jumalaa ylistetään kaikilla kielillä ja kaikkien kulttuurien kauneimmilla ilmaisutavoilla. Viime aikojen missiologisessa keskustelussa on alettu syvemmin ymmärtää se, miten lähetyksessä on kyse Jumalan missiosta, maailmansuunnitelmasta, jossa hän pelastaa ihmisen Kristuksen pelastustyön tähden ja uu- distaa koko luomakunnan, luo uuden taivaan ja maan. Eskatologiassa ei ole niinkään kysymys kaiken lopusta kuin täyttymyksestä, täyttymyksestä uskon ymmärtämisessä ja perille pääsemisessä.4 1 Sanneh 2003, 22–23. Rahner 1980, 44–56. 2 Schreiter 2004, 116–123. 3 Hornig 1980, 150–162. 4 Wright 2006, 313–319, 523–535, 625–651. G LOBAALIN KRISTINUSKON HAASTEET 7 KIRKKOJEN RIIPPUVUUS TOISISTAAN Evankeliumi Kristuksesta on levinnyt satojen kielten ja kulttuurien piiriin. Kauas on kuljettu Antiokian, ensim- mäisen kristillisen seurakunnan perustamisesta, jolloin uusi usko ylitti ensimmäisen kerran kulttuurirajat juuta- laisen ja hellenistisen kulttuurin kohdatessa toisensa. Monikielisen ja -kulttuurisen uskon universaalinen luonne tulee hyvin ilmi kunkin kielen arvostamisessa. Islamin mukaan vain yksi pyhä kieli, arabia kelpaa ilmoituksen ja rukouksen kieleksi., minkä vuoksi jokainen muslimi joutuu opettelemaan rukoilemista varten arabiankielisiä Koraanin lauseita. Andrew J. Walls ja Lamin Sanneh ovat osoittaneet sen, että kristinuskossa jokainen kieli ja kulttuuri on arvokas ja voi periaatteessa tulla kristinuskon uudeksi vallitsevaksi pääkieleksi ja kulttuuriksi.5 Kristilliset kirkot ovat joutuneet sinänsä tavattoman myönteisen, mutta kuitenkin hämmentävän kysymyk- sen eteen: muuttuuko uskon sisältö relatiiviseksi tulkintojen tulkinnaksi satojen kielien ja kulttuurien tuodessa oman kontribuutionsa uskon tulkintaan.
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