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Nomenclatural Changes in Preparation for a World Rubiaceae Checklist

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PDFlib PLOP: PDF Linearization, Optimization, Protection Page inserted by evaluation version www.pdflib.com – [email protected] Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/157/1/115/2418227 by guest on 23 September 2021 Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 157, 115–124. Nomenclatural changes in preparation for a World Rubiaceae Checklist MARKUS RUHSAM1, RAFAEL GOVAERTS2 and AARON P. DAVIS FLS2* Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/157/1/115/2418227 by guest on 23 September 2021 1University of Edinburgh, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Ashworth Laboratories, West Main Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK 2The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK Received 15 February 2006; accepted for publication 20 November 2007 During the preparation of a World Rubiaceae Checklist, numerous unplaced taxa were encountered, including illegitimate and invalid names, and species for which generic placement is uncertain. In this contribution, 35 new combinations and 20 new names are proposed, and the names of three taxa are validated. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 157, 115–124. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Chassalia – Coptophyllum – Cyclophyllum – Diplospora – Discospermum – Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (CBD/ UNEP) – Greenea – Gynochthodes – Hoffmannia – Kohautia – Mussaenda – Mycetia – Nostolachma – Ophiorrhiza – Oxyceros – Plectronia – Pleiocarpidia – Psychotria – Psydrax – Rubiaceae – Saprosma – Tarenna – Timonius. INTRODUCTION taxon that is invalid or illegitimate, or valid but that cannot be assigned to a known species or genus at the A widely accessible working list of known plant present time. Some of these names need to be placed species is considered to be a fundamental require- into synonymy, but others should be accepted names ment for plant conservation, and is the number one after nomenclatural attention. In this contribution, target of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation some of the more obvious nomenclatural problems (for (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, species that we consider should be accepted) are 2002). As part of the effort towards compiling this resolved, following the examination of type speci- working list, a complete checklist for the Rubiaceae, mens, representative herbarium material, proto- the World Rubiaceae Checklist, has been produced, logues, and other relevant literature held at the Royal including c. 615 genera and c. 13 200 accepted species Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) and the Nationaal Her- names with their synonyms: a total of c. 35 000 barium Nederland, Leiden (L). It should be empha- names. sized that no attempt has been made to sort out During the compilation, verification, and editing of problem groups and genera that are in desperate the World Rubiaceae Checklist (http://www. need of revision, or which require detailed systematic rbgkew.org.uk/wcsp/rubiaceae; Govaerts et al. in study. prep), it became evident that numerous nomencla- In this contribution, 35 new combinations and 20 tural and taxonomic problems had to be addressed in new names (nomina nova) are proposed, and the order to bring Rubiaceae nomenclature in-line with names of three taxa are validated. the current taxonomic knowledge of the family. One of the most important issues was the number of unplaced names, which, on first inspection, was MATERIAL AND METHODS around 1200. An unplaced name can be defined as any The nomenclatural types and representative her- barium material of taxa requiring new combinations *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] and new names were examined using material at the © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 157, 115–124 115 116 M. RUHSAM ET AL. herbaria K and L (herbarium abbreviations follow was asked to vote on this issue (R. K. Brummitt, Royal Holmgren, Holmgren & Barnett, 1990). In cases in Botanic Gardens, Kew, pers. comm.): P. multinervia which we were unable to examine a type or type Ridl. Journ. As. Soc. Mal. 1: 70 (1923) (distribution: specimens, new combinations and new names are Sumatera) vs. P. multinervis De Wild., Plantae proposed only for those taxa in which the protologue Bequaertianae 2: 391 (1924) (distribution: Guinea, could be used to unambiguously assign names to the Mali, Liberia), and P. brachybotrya Müll. Arg., Flora correct genera; most of these cases include those for Braziliensis 6(5): 327 (1881) (distribution: from Belize which we have provided a nomen novum for illegiti- to Brazil) vs. P. brachybotrys Ridl., Journ. Fed. Mal. mate names. Citation of the type, or types, is under- States Mus. 4: 38 (1909) (distribution: Malayan taken in the following way. If the type citation has Peninsula). The Committee, consisting of 18 members, been given in the protologue, it is given here in full; voted that the later published names are to be treated Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/157/1/115/2418227 by guest on 23 September 2021 if we have seen the type, an exclamation mark is as homonyms. Psychotria multinervis De Wild. and given after the herbarium code (e.g. K!); it follows P. brachybotrys Ridl. are therefore illegitimate names that, if there is no exclamation mark, we have not (later homonyms). In the case of P. multinervis De seen the type. Type citations without a herbarium Wild., P. maliensis Schnell, Mém. Inst. Franç. Afrique code (after Holmgren et al., 1990) indicate that we do Noire 50: 76 (1957) becomes the accepted name, as it is not know the location of the type(s), and have thus the earliest legitimately published name currently not seen any material. considered to be a synonym of P. multinervis De Wild. (Lebrun & Stork, 1997: 204). However, a nomen novum is required for P. brachybotrys Ridl. RESULTS NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN PSYCHOTRIA Psychotria kerrii Govaerts, nom. nov. NOMINA NOVA AND NEW COMBINATIONS Psychotria viburnifolia Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 483 (1932), non Psychotria viburnifolia Rusby, The genus Psychotria L. is rather easily character- Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 378 (1927). ized, particularly on the basis of the inflorescence, Type: Thailand, Adang, 400 m, Kerr 14659 (K!). pyrene, and floral morphology (Petit, 1964; Robbre- cht, 1989; Davis et al., 2001; Sohmer & Davis, in prep) and sometimes on the basis of leaf characteristics. Psychotria calorhamnus (Baill.) Ruhsam, The following new combinations and new names were comb. nov. based on the examination of pyrenes and/or flowers Basionym: Uragoga calorhamnus Baill., Adansonia present on the type material, or by critical reference 12: 286 (1879). to protologues. Syntypes: New Caledonia: Poume, vi.1871, Balansa Taxonomic work on Asian Psychotria falls behind 3193 (K!); Tauté and Puebo, Deplanche 398 (P). that of the New World and Africa, and hence there are many names that require nomenclatural changes in Psychotria gaboonensis Ruhsam, nom. nov. Asia. Some taxa are still placed in the genus Uragoga Cephaelis latifolia Hiern in D.Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: Baill., but this is a synonym of Psychotria (Petit, 226 (1877), non Psychotria latifolia Humb. & Bonpl. 1964). The genus Cephaelis has been shown to be an ex Schult. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. artificial concept, consisting of several genera (e.g. 5: 189 (1819). Andersson, 2002: 194), with most species occurring in Syntypes: West Africa, Gaboon River [Equatorial Asia now placed in synonymy with either Psychotria Guinea/Gabon], Mann 931 (K!); loc. cit., Mann 939 or Chassalia Comm. ex Poir. (see ‘New combinations (K!). and nomina nova in Chassalia’, below). Cephaelis is not recognized as a separate genus, and is a generic Psychotria kumbangii Ruhsam, nom. nov. synonym of Psychotria. Psychotria patula Ridl., J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 8(4): 51 (1917), non Psychotria patula Humb. & Psychotria tahanensis Ruhsam, nom. nov. Bonpl. ex Schult. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Psychotria brachybotrys Ridl., Journ. Fed. Mal. States Veg. 5: 189 (1819). Mus. 4: 38 (1909), non Psychotria brachybotrya Müll. Type: Sumatra, Sungei Kumbang, 4000–5000 ft Arg., Flora Braziliensis 6(5): 327 (1881). [1120–1400 m], Robinson & Kloss s.n. (K!). Type: No type cited in the protologue, only the locality ‘Gunong Tahan’. Psychotria matogrossensis Govaerts, nom. nov. Notes: To establish whether the following names in Cephaelis krauseana Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Psychotria are to be considered homonyms, the Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 181 (1930), non Psychotria krau- Committee for the Nomenclature of Vascular Plants seana Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 157, 115–124 NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES FOR A WORLD RUBIACEAE CHECKLIST 117 212 (1930); Psychotria krauseana (Standl.) Zappi, Psychotria ligustrina (Baill.) Guillaumin, Arch. Bot., Prodr. Fl. Matogross., Ser. B, 3: 258 (1998), nom. illeg. Caen, 3. Mem. No. 5: 31 (1930), nom. illeg. Type: Brazil, Matto Grosso, Rio Arnos, xii.1914, Kuhl- Type: New Caledonia, Tchiaor and Puebo, Balansa mann 1410. 3194 (P). Notes: Psychotria krauseana (Standl.) Zappi was Notes: Psychotria ligustrina (Baill.) Guillaumin was made as a new combination for Cephaelis krauseana made as a new combination for Uragoga ligustrina Standl., but is a later homonym of Psychotria krau- Baill., but is a later homonym of Psychotria ligustrina seana Standl. A new name is therefore required. Willd. ex Schult. A new name is therefore required. Psychotria melintangensis Govaerts, nom. nov. Psychotria srilankensis Ruhsam, nom. nov. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/157/1/115/2418227 by guest on 23 September 2021 Psychotria coriacea Korth., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2: 242 Grumilea stenophylla Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 147 (1851) non Psychotria coriacea Poir. ex Spreng., Syst. (1859), non Psychotria stenophylla Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 742 (1824). Veg. 1: 744 (1824); Psychotria stenophylla (Thwaites) Type: No type cited in the protologue, only two locali- Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 161 (1880), nom. illeg. ties: Melintang (Sumatera) and Balaron (Borneo). Type: Sri Lanka, 1853, Thwaites C.
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    IAWA Journal, Vol. 23 (1), 2002: 1–67 A SURVEY OF THE SYSTEMATIC WOOD ANATOMY OF THE RUBIACEAE by Steven Jansen1, Elmar Robbrecht2, Hans Beeckman3 & Erik Smets1 SUMMARY Recent insight in the phylogeny of the Rubiaceae, mainly based on macromolecular data, agrees better with wood anatomical diversity patterns than previous subdivisions of the family. The two main types of secondary xylem that occur in Rubiaceae show general consistency in their distribution within clades. Wood anatomical characters, espe- cially the fibre type and axial parenchyma distribution, have indeed good taxonomic value in the family. Nevertheless, the application of wood anatomical data in Rubiaceae is more useful in confirming or negating already proposed relationships rather than postulating new affinities for problematic taxa. The wood characterised by fibre-tracheids (type I) is most common, while type II with septate libriform fibres is restricted to some tribes in all three subfamilies. Mineral inclusions in wood also provide valuable information with respect to systematic re- lationships. Key words: Rubiaceae, systematic wood anatomy, classification, phylo- geny, mineral inclusions INTRODUCTION The systematic wood anatomy of the Rubiaceae has recently been investigated by us and has already resulted in contributions on several subgroups of the family (Jansen et al. 1996, 1997a, b, 1999, 2001; Lens et al. 2000). The present contribution aims to extend the wood anatomical observations to the entire family, surveying the second- ary xylem of all woody tribes on the basis of literature data and original observations. Although Koek-Noorman contributed a series of wood anatomical studies to the Rubiaceae in the 1970ʼs, there are two principal reasons to present a new and com- prehensive overview on the wood anatomical variation.
  • Endemic Plants of Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest, Southern India

    Endemic Plants of Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest, Southern India

    Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 52: 11-23, 2018 BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl DOI 10.2478/biorc-2018-0015 Submitted 08.08.2018, Accepted 11.12.2018 Endemic plants of tropical dry evergreen forest, Southern India Natesan Balachandran1*, Krishnamurthy Rajendiran2 & Walter Gastmans3 1Ecology Department, French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry – 605 001, India 2Department of Botany, Bharathidasan Govt College for Women, Puducherry – 605003, India 3Auro Herbarium, Shakti, Auroville – 605 101, Villupuram District, India * corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. During the last two decades of intensive botanical survey of the tropical dry evergreen forest, a total of 82 endemic taxa were found out of 1142 species enumerated from 85 sites in the three Coromandel Coastal districts of the state Tamil Nadu: Cuddalore, Kancheepurm and Villupuram, and in the Pondicherry district. Of 82 species, 17 are trees, 11 shrubs, 9 climbers and 45 herbs. Distribution of these endemic species was analyzed and categorised as endemic to the country, peninsular India, southern India, Eastern and Western Ghats, and at the state and district level. Interestingly, the study found that some endemic species were disjunctly distributed between districts, states, ghats, climatic regimes and bioregions. Anthropogenic disturbance and species threat status were also studied and discussed. Key words: Coromandel Coast, endemics, disjunct distribution, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, threat status, tropical dry evergreen forest 1. Introduction on nomenclatural changes and extended distribution. Nayar (1980b) categorised the endemic genera of India India is one of 18 extremely diverse and top 10 into 3 patterns based on the distribution, i.e., Himalayan species-rich countries of the world.