DOCSLIB.ORG

Endophytic Fungi Associated with the Tropical Seagrass Halophila Ovalis (Hydrocharitaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Endophytic Fungi Associated with the Tropical Seagrass Halophila Ovalis (Hydrocharitaceae) Indian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol. 31(1), March 2002, pp. 73-74 Short Communication Endophytic fungi associated with the tropical seagrass Halophila ovalis (Hydrocharitaceae) P. T. Devarajan & T. S. Suryanarayanan* Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Chennai 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India and V. Geetha Department of Botany, Bharathi Women’s College, Chennai 600 108, Tamil Nadu, India Received 14 May 2001, revised 6 November 2001 Leaf blade, petiole and rhizome of the seagrass Halophila ovalis were examined for the presence of endophytic fungi. Although the seagrass harboured endophytic fungi, their number and colonization densities in seagrass tissues were low. This is presumed to be due to a combination of physical and chemical factors. [ Key words : Seagrass, Halophila, fungal endophyte, tropical endophytes ] Fungal endophytes colonize healthy plant tissues and damaged shoot and root system were carefully either remain dormant in the tissue or produce more washed to remove sediments and used. The leaf blade, extensive but symptomless infections1. The contem- petiole and rhizome of 500 plants were screened for porary interest in the study of fungal endophytes is endophytes. From each plant, a tissue segment partly due to the recognition that some of them pro- (0.5cm) was obtained from its rhizome, middle part of duce novel metabolites that are of agricultural and the petiole and the leaf blade. The tissue segments pharmaceutical importance2. There appears to be no from each organ were separately surface sterilized. published report on fungal endophytes of marine an- Ethanol and sodium hypochlorite were used for sur- giosperms although mangrove trees3 and some terres- face sterilization6. The segments were immersed in trial halophytes4 have been studied for their endophyte 70% ethanol for 5 sec and then treated with sodium assemblages. Therefore, we examined Halophila hypochlorite (4%) for 1 minute. They were then ovalis (R.Br.) Hook. f. the most common seagrass of rinsed in sterile water for 10 sec and plated on potato the Coromandel coast of India, for the presence of dextrose agar (PDA) medium amended with chloram- endophytes. phenicol (150 mg l−1). Surface sterililzed segments of Vegetative plants of seagrass Halophila ovalis (Hy- rhizome, petiole and leafblade were plated separately. drocharitaceae) were collected from Muttukadu estu- About 15 segments were plated on 20 ml of PDA me- ary (13°N latitude and 80o E longitude) in Chengal- dium contained in a 9 cm dia. petridish and incubated7 pattu district of Tamil Nadu, southeast coast of India. in a light chamber at 26°C for 30 days. The light was It is the most common seagrass distributed along the provided by three cool white fluorescent tubes. The entire Coromandel coast; it forms large, dense, almost light regimen was 12 h dark: 12 h light cycles. The monospecific meadows5. The leaf paste of this sea- tissue segments received about 2200 lux of light grass is used to cure skin diseases; the plant is also through the petridish lid. The petridishes were ob- used as manure in coconut plantations5. Plants grow- served periodically and the fungi that grew out from ing on the surface of estuary bed present at a depth of the tissues were isolated and identified. The coloniza- 1 m from the water level were collected and brought tion density (CD) of each endophyte species was cal- to the laboratory in sterile polythene bags. They were culated as follows: processed within 5 h of collection. Plants with un- _____________ No. of tissue segments colonized CD (%) = ×100 *For correspondence Total no. of tissue segments observed E-mail : [email protected] 74 Indian J. Mar. Sci., Vol. 31, No. 1, March 2002 Table 1 ⎯ Occurrence (CD %) of fungal endophytes in different plants with antifungal compounds in their leaves are tissues of the seagrass H. ovalis known to harbour lesser number of foliar endo- 15 Fungus Leaf blade Petiole Rhizome phytes . Thus, it is possible that a combination of physical and chemical factors is responsible for the Acremonium sp.1 0.2 0.2 ⎯ A. strictum ⎯ 0.2 ⎯ low recovery of endophytes from seagrasses such as Aspergillu flavus ⎯ ⎯ 0.2 H. ovalis. Studies on other seagrasses, especially A. niger ⎯ ⎯ 0.2 those with sturdier tissue than H. ovalis would throw Chaetomium globosum 0.2 ⎯ 0.2 more light on endophyte-seagrass associations and Chaetomella sp. ⎯ ⎯ 0.2 also on the possible occurrence of antifungal com- Cladosporium cladosporioides 0.2 ⎯ 0.6 pounds in these marine angiosperms. Curvularia lunata 0.2 ⎯ ⎯ Fusarium sp. 0.2 ⎯ ⎯ References Monodictys sp. ⎯ ⎯ 0.2 1 Carroll G C, Fungal endophytes in vascular plants: myco- Penicillium sp. 0.2 ⎯ ⎯ logical opportunities in Japan, Trans Mycol Soc Japan, Phialophora sp. 0.2 0.4 ⎯ 31 (1990) 103-106. Phoma sp. ⎯ ⎯ 0.2 2 Strobel G A, Yang X, Sears J, Kramer R, Sidhu R S & Hess Talaromyces sp. ⎯ 0.6 ⎯ W M, Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic Sterile mycelium ⎯ 0.2 ⎯ fungus of Taxus wallachiana, Microbiology, 142 (1996) 435-440. Almost all the terrestrial angiosperms studied so far 3 Suryanarayanan T S, Kumaresan V & Johnson J A, Foliar have mitosporic fungi, ascomycete fungi and some fungal endophytes from two species of the mangrove Rhizo- 8 phora, Can J Microbiol, 44 (1998) 1003-1006. sterile forms as endophytes . The leaf blade, petiole 4 Suryanarayanan T S & Kumaresan V, Endophytic fungi of and rhizome of H. ovalis also harboured such fungi as some halophytes from an estuarine mangrove forest, Mycol endophytes (Table 1). Normally, a large number of Res, 104 (2000) 1465-1467. fungal taxa were isolated as endophytes from the leaf 5 Ramamurthy K, Balakrishnan N P, Ravikumar K & Ganesan 9 R, Seagrasses of Coromandel coast of India, Flora of India- tissue of a single plant species . This is especially true Series 4, (Botanical Survey of India), 1992, pp 80. of tropical plants. Suryanarayanan et al.3 isolated 28 6 Dobranic J K, Johnson J A, & Alikhan Q R, Isolation of and 25 endophytes respectively from leaves of man- endophytic fungi from eastern larch (Larix laricina) leaves from New Brunswick, Canada, Can J Microbiol, 41 (1995) groves Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata. In the 194-198. case of H. ovalis however, we isolated only six endo- 7 Bills G F & Polishook J D, Recovery of endophytic fungi phyte species from tissue segments derived from 500 from Chamaecyparis thyoides, Sydowia, 44 (1992) 1-12. leaves (Table 1). Not only was the number of endo- 8 Bills G F, Isolation and analysis of endophytic fungal com- munities from woody plants, in Endophytic fungi in grasses phyte taxa less in this seagrass but their CD% was and woody plants: Systematics, ecology and evolution, edited also meager (Table 1). It is interesting to note that by Redlin S C & Carris L M, (APS Press, Minnesota), 1996, genera such as Phoma, Cladosporium and Fusarium pp. 31-65. that are frequently reported to occur as endophytes in 9 Petrini O, Fungal endophytes of tree leaves, in Microbial 10 ecology of leaves, edited by Andrews J A & Hirano S S, terrestrial plants of the tropics also occur in the tis- (Springer-Verlag, New York), 1991, pp 179-197. sues of seagrass. 10 Brown K B, Hyde K D & Guest D I, Preliminary studies on Leaves of healthy seagrasses are commonly colo- endophytic fungal communities of Musa acuminata species complex in Hong Kong and Australia, Fungal Diversity, 1 nized externally by algae, bacteria and protozoa. It is (1998) 27-51. now clear that endophytic fungi also colonize seagrass 11 Nielsen S L, Thingstrup I & Wigand C, Apparent lack of ve- leaves albeit in low frequencies. The restricted fre- sicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in the seagrasses Zos- quency of occurrence and diversity of endophytes in tera marina L. and Thalassia testudinum Banks ex König., Aquat Bot, 63 (1999) 261-266. H. ovalis could be due to the environment where it is 12 Zapata O & McMillan C, Phenolic acids in seagrasses, Aquat 11 found. Nielsen et al. attributed the lack of mycorrhi- Bot, 7 (1979) 307-317. zal fungi in the roots of seagrasses to the salinity and 13 Cariello L & Zanetti L, Effect of Posidonia oceanica extracts on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bot Mar, 22 (1979) low oxygen level that prevail in the marine environ- 129-131. ment where seagrasses grow. In addition, the leaves 14 Jensen P R, Jenkins K M, Porter D & Fenical W, Evidence of seagrasses contain phenolic acids12 and other com- that a new antibiotic flavone glycoside chemically defends pounds that are antibiotic in nature13. Recently, Jensen the sea grass Thalassia testudinum against zoosporic fungi, 14 Appl Environ Microbiol, 64 (1998) 1490-1496. et al. reported the presence of a novel flavone glyco- 15 Rajagopal K & Suryanarayanan T S, Isolation of endophytic side antibiotic Thalassia testudinum that defends this fungi from leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), seagrass from infection by zoosporic fungi. Terrestrial Curr Sci, 78 (2000) 1375-1378. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Record of the Seagrass Species Halophila Major (Zoll.) Miquel in Vietnam: Evidence from Leaf Morphology and ITS Analysis
    DOI 10.1515/bot-2012-0188 Botanica Marina 2013; 56(4): 313–321 Nguyen Xuan Vy*, Laura Holzmeyer and Jutta Papenbrock New record of the seagrass species Halophila major (Zoll.) Miquel in Vietnam: evidence from leaf morphology and ITS analysis Abstract: The seagrass Halophila major (Zoll.) Miquel (i) the number of cross veins, which ranges from 18 to 22, is reported for the first time from Vietnam. It was found and (ii) the ratio of the distance between the intramar- growing with other seagrass species nearshore, 4–6 m ginal vein and the lamina margin at the half-way point deep at Tre Island, Nha Trang Bay. Leaf morphology and along the leaf length, which is 1:20–1:25 (Kuo et al. 2006). phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal internal tran- Recently, genetic markers, including plastid and nuclear scribed spacer sequences confirmed the identification. sequences, have been used to reveal the genetic relation- There was very little sequence differentiation among sam- ships among members of the genus Halophila. Among the ples of H. major collected in Vietnam and other countries molecular markers used, neither single sequence analysis in the Western Pacific region. A very low evolutionary of the plastid gene encoding the large subunit of ribulose- divergence among H. major populations was found. 1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase-oxygenase (rbcL) and of the plastid maturase K (matK) nor analysis of the concat- Keywords: Halophila major; internal transcribed spacer; enated sequences of the two plastid markers has resolved new record; seagrass; Vietnam. the two closely related species H. ovalis and H. ovata (Lucas et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Current Status of Halophila Beccarii: an Ecologically Significant, Yet Vulnerable
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 5 August 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0126.v1 The current status of Halophila beccarii: An ecologically significant, yet Vulnerable seagrass of India 1Amrit Kumar Mishra, 1Deepak Apte 1Marine Conservation Department, Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Dr. Salim Ali Chowk, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Opp. Lion Gate, Mumbai, 400001, India Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: We reviewed the current status of a Vulnerable seagrass, Halophila beccarii from the coast of India using the published data from 1977-2020. We found that the seagrass, H. beccarii has a pan India distribution on both east and west coast. It is abundant in the intertidal silty-muddy region on the west coast, while on the east coast it is found on sandy habitats, with few exceptions of muddy habitat. H. beccarii was found to be associated with mangroves or smaller seagrass species within a depth limit of 1.7m. Low salinity and high nitrate levels were observed for the H. beccarii meadows of the west coast due to its association with mangroves. The nutrient levels in H. beccarii meadows of India were comparatively lower than other seagrass meadows. Most of the research on H. beccarii has focoused on its morphometrics (41%), reproductive (33%) and distribution (29%) along the coast of India. Reproductive traits such as flowering and fruiting varying according to the seasons of each coast due to the influence of monsoon and its associated temperature, salinity and nutrient influx. H. beccarii has a great potential of various bioactive compounds, which needs further investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Quality of the Seagrass Halophila Ovalis on a Thai Intertidal Flat As Food for the Dugong
    Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 61, pp. 183 to 186, 2005 Short Contribution Quality of the Seagrass Halophila ovalis on a Thai Intertidal Flat as Food for the Dugong 1 2 MASUMI YAMAMURO * and ANONG CHIRAPART 1Geological Survey of Japan, AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan 2Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand (Received 26 September 2003; in revised form 28 May 2004; accepted 28 May 2004) To determine whether dugongs along the Thai coast prefer relatively faster-growing Keywords: Halophila ovalis due to its nutritional value, we analyzed the contents of carbon (C), ⋅ Growth rate, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), ash, fiber, and lipids in several species of seagrass ⋅ lipid, ⋅ collected near dugong feeding trails. CNP concentrations in the faster-growing H. fiber, ⋅ ovalis were distinctly lower than those in the slower-growing species. Lipid concen- nitrogen, ⋅ phosphorus. trations were comparatively not as low; they were equivalent to the values of the slower-growing Enhalus acoroides in the leaves and to Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea rotundata in the rhizomes and roots. The ash content of H. ovalis was the highest of all species in both the above and below ground parts. The reason that dugong feeds exclusively on H. ovalis at this site may be the potentially large supply due to its high growth rate, rather than its nutritive qualities. 1. Introduction carbohydrate content are good descriptors of nutrient The dugong (Dugong dugon) is a seagrass-depend- value. De Iongh et al. (1995) further suggested the possi- ent marine mammal of tropical and subtropical coastal bility that dugongs preferentially graze seagrasses with waters.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biology, Ecology and Conservation of White's Seahorse
    THE BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WHITE’S SEAHORSE HIPPOCAMPUS WHITEI by DAVID HARASTI B.Sci. (Hons), University of Canberra – 1997 This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of the Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. July 2014 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Signature of Student: ____________________________ ii ABSTRACT Seahorses are iconic charismatic species that are threatened in many countries around the world with several species listed on the IUCN Red List as vulnerable or endangered. Populations of seahorses have declined through over-exploitation for traditional medicines, the aquarium trade and for curios and through loss of essential habitats. To conserve seahorse populations in the wild, they are listed on Appendix II of CITES, which controls trade by ensuring exporting countries must be able to certify that export of seahorses is not causing a decline or damage to wild populations. Within Australia, seahorses are protected in several states and also in Commonwealth waters. The focus of this study was White’s seahorse Hippocampus whitei, a medium-sized seahorse that is found occurring along the New South Wales (NSW) coast in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Seagrass Meadows - Encyclopedia of Earth
    Seagrass meadows - Encyclopedia of Earth http://www.eoearth.org/article/Seagrass_meadows Encyclopedia of Earth Seagrass meadows Lead Author: Carlos M. Duarte (other articles) Article Topics: Oceans and Marine ecology This article has been reviewed and approved by the following Topic Table of Contents Editor: Jean-Pierre Gattuso (other articles) 1 Introduction Last Updated: September 21, 2008 2 Adaptations to Colonize the Sea 3 Seagrass Distribution and Habitat 4 Seagrass Functions 5 Conservation Issues Introduction 6 Further Reading Seagrasses are angiosperms that are restricted to life in the sea. Seagrasses colonized the sea, from terrestrial angiosperm ancestors, about 100 million years ago, which indicates a relatively early appearance of seagrasses in angiosperm evolution. With a rather low number of species (about 50-60), seagrass comprise < 0.02% of the angiosperm flora. Seagrasses are assigned to two families, Potamogetonaceae and Hydrocharitaceae, encompassing 12 genera of angiosperms containing about 50 species (Table 1). Three of the genera, Halophila , Zostera and Posidonia , which may have evolved from lineages that appeared relatively early in seagrass evolution, comprise most (55%) of the species, while Enhalus , the most recent seagrass genus, is represented by a single species ( Enhalus acoroides , Photo 1: Posidonia oceanica meadow in the NW Table 1). Most seagrass meadows are monospecific, but Mediterranean. (Photograph by M. Sanfélix) may develop multispecies, with up to 12 species, meadows in subtropical and tropical waters. Adaptations to Colonize the Sea The colonization of the sea required a number of key adaptations including (1) blade or subulate leaves with sheaths, fitted for high-energy environments; (2) hydrophilous pollination, allowing submarine pollination (except for the genus Enhalus ) and subsequent propagule dispersal; and (3) extensive lacunar systems allowing the internal gas flow needed to maintain the oxygen supply required by their below-ground structures in anoxic sediments.
    [Show full text]
  • I Variation of Tidal Exposures and Seasons on Growth, Morphology
    i Variation of Tidal Exposures and Seasons on Growth, Morphology, Anatomy and Physiology of Seagrass Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f. at Seagrass Bed in Trang Province Ratchanee Kaewsrikhaw A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Ecology (International Program) Prince of Songkla University 2014 Copyright of Prince of Songkla University v ชื่อวิทยานิพนธ์ ความแปรผันของระยะการโผล่พ้นนํ้า และฤดูกาล ต่อการเจริญเติบโต ลักษณะทางสัณฐาน ลักษณะทางกายวิภาค และสรีรวิทยาของหญ้า ทะเล Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f. บริเวณแหล่งหญ้าทะเลจังหวัด ตรัง ผ้เขียนู นางสาวรัชณีย์ แก้วศรีขาว สาขาวิชา นิเวศวิทยา (นานาชาติ) ปีการศึกษา 2557 บทคัดย่อ การศึกษาครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ ศึกษาผลของระยะเวลาการโผล่พ้นนํ้า และฤดูกาล ต่อการ เจริญเติบโต ลักษณะทางสัณฐาน ลักษณะทางกายวิภาค และสรีรวิทยาของหญ้าใบมะกรูด (H. ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f.) ลักษณะดังกล่าวข้างต้นได้ถูกศึกษาใน 3 บริเวณ คือ เขตนํ้าขึ้นนํ้าลง ตอนบน เขตนํ้าขึ้นนํ้าลงตอนล่าง และเขตที่จมอยู่ใต้นํ้าตลอดเวลา ตั้งแต่เดือนกรกฎาคม 2555 ถึง เดือนพฤษภาคม 2556 ความหนาแน่นและมวลชีวภาพส่วนบนดินมีความแปรผันตามระยะการ โผล่พ้นนํ้าและฤดูกาล ขณะที่มวลชีวภาพส่วนใต้ดินไม่มีความเปลี่ยนแปลงในรอบปี หญ้าทะเลมี อัตราการเจริญเติบโตช้าที่สุดบริเวณเขตนํ้าขึ้นนํ้าลงตอนบนซึ่งอาจเป็นผลมาจากความเครียดจาก การโผล่พ้นนํ้า ความแปรผันของลักษณะทางสัณฐานมีมากในเรื่องของขนาดใบ โดยพบใบหญ้า ทะเลมีขนาดใหญ่ที่บริเวณเขตนํ้าขึ้นนํ้าลงตอนล่างเมื่อเทียบกับเขตนํ้าขึ้นนํ้าลงตอนบนและเขตที่ จมอยู่ใต้ นํ ้าซึ่งมีขนาดใบเล็กกว่า ความแปรผันของขนาดมีโชฟิลล์เซลล์ และช่องอากาศในใบ พบว่ามีความสัมพันธ์กับขนาดของใบ
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Trends in the Seagrass Genus Halophila (Thouars)
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 71(3): 1299–1308, 2002 View metadata, citationEVOLUTIONARY and similar papers atTRENDS core.ac.uk IN THE SEAGRASS GENUS HALOPHILAbrought to you by CORE (THOUARS): INSIGHTS FROM MOLECULARprovided PHYLOGENY by The University of North Carolina at Greensboro Michelle Waycott, D. Wilson Freshwater, Robert A. York, Ainsley Calladine and W. Judson Kenworthy ABSTRACT Relationships among members of the seagrass genus Halophila (Hydrocharitaceae) were investigated using phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The final aligned ITS sequence data set of 705 base pairs from 36 samples in 11 currently recognised species included 18.7% parsimony informative characters. Phylogenetic analysis yielded two most parsimonious trees with strong support for six groups within the genus. Evolutionary trends in Halophila appear to be toward a more reduced simple phyllotaxy. In addition, this study indicates that long distance ‘jump’ dispersal between major ocean systems may have occurred at least in the globally distributed H. decipiens. Results of ITS analyses also indicate that the wide- spread pacific species H. ovalis is paraphyletic and may contain cryptic species. Like- wise, the geographically restricted species H. hawaiiana and H. johnsonii could not be distinguished from H. ovalis with these data and warrant further investigation. Marine angiosperms have evolved to survive a particular set of environmental con- straints (Arber, 1920; den Hartog, 1970; Larkum and den Hartog, 1989). A detailed mo- lecular systematic analysis of the subclass Alismatidae which included all seagrass gen- era, demonstrated, that there have been at least three independent origins of the seagrasses in three major family groups, marine Hydrocharitaceae, Zosteraceae and a group contain- ing the Cymodoceaceae, Posidoniaceae and Ruppiaceae (Les et al., 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Genetic Variation in the Endemic Seagrass Halophila Hawaiiana (Hydrocharitaceae) in the Hawaiian Archipelago L
    Morphological and Genetic Variation in the Endemic Seagrass Halophila hawaiiana (Hydrocharitaceae) in the Hawaiian Archipelago l Karla J. McDermid,2,3 Monica C. Gregoritza, 3 Jason W Reeves, 4 and D. Wilson Freshwater 4 Abstract: The endemic seagrass Halophila hawaiiana Doty & Stone is fOWld in discrete populations throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. Morphological characteristics of plants from Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Kaua'i, O'ahu, Moloka'i, and Maui were measured and compared. Striking variation in leaf length, leaf width, leaf length to width ratio, and internode length was evi­ dent among the 18 collection sites sampled at depths ranging from 0.32 to 18 m. DNA sequence analyses of a chloroplast-genome, single-base repeat locus in ramets from nine different collections found only two repeat haplotypes. Repeat haplotypes were fixed at all collection sites and for all islands except O'ahu. THERE ARE TWO species of seagrass fOWld in this Halophila species (Herbert 1986). A in the Hawaiian Islands. Halophila hawaiiana study by Michael-Taxis (1993) focused on the Doty & Stone was described as a new, en­ surface of H. hawaiiana leaves as a primary demic species in 1966. A second species, site for recruitment of epiphytes. She ex­ Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld, was recently re­ tensively described ecological contributions ported from Midway Atoll, O'ahu, and the of H. hawaiiana meadows on O'ahu, chemical island of Hawai'i (McDermid et al. 2002). content of the leaves, leaf ultrastructure, and Research on Halophila began with Doty and the anatomy of H. hawaiiana. Halophila ha­ Stone (1966), who recorded collections of H.
    [Show full text]
  • Boat Anchors Not OK: Loss of Dugong Grass (Halophila Ovalis)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/642579; this version posted May 20, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Boat anchors not OK: Loss of Dugong grass (Halophila ovalis) population structure in 2 Havelock island of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India 3 1Mishra, A.K., 1Sumantha, N., S., 1Deepak, A. 4 1Marine Conservation Department, Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Dr. 5 Salim Ali Chowk, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Opp. Lion Gate, Mumbai, 400001, India 6 Corresponding author: [email protected] 7 Abstract: 8 Anthropogenic disturbance due to deployment of boat anchors and loss of seagrass ecosystem 9 is not well understood in India. So, we used Govind Nagar beach of Havelock Island of 10 Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI)to assess the impacts of boat anchors from traditional 11 fishing and recreational activities on the seagrass Halophila ovalis population structure. H. 12 ovalis density, biomass, morphometrics, canopy height and percentage cover were estimated 13 from two stations of Govind Nagar beach i.e., one highly impacted from boat anchors 14 (Station1) and a sheltered station (Station 2). A clear evidence in reduction of shoot density 15 of H. ovalis was observed at station 1, exception was similar apex densities between both 16 stations. H. ovalis morphometrics, such as number of leaves per shoot, leaf length, width and 17 horizontal rhizome length were observed with significant lower values at station 1 compared 18 to the sheltered station 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Monitoring Dugong Feeding Behavior in a Tidal Flat by Visual and Acoustic Observation Author(S) TSUTSUMI, CHIKA; ICHIKAWA
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository Monitoring dugong feeding behavior in a tidal flat by visual Title and acoustic observation TSUTSUMI, CHIKA; ICHIKAWA, KOTARO; AKAMATSU, Author(s) TOMONARI; ARAI, NOBUAKI; SHINKE, TOMIO; HARA, TAKESHI; ADULYANUKOSOL, KANJANA Proceedings of the 2nd International symposium on Citation SEASTAR2000 and Asian Bio-logging Science (The 6th SEASTAR2000 Workshop) (2005): 37-42 Issue Date 2005 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/44082 Right Type Conference Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Monitoring dugong feeding behavior in a tidal flat by visual and acoustic observation Chika Tsutsumi1, Kotaro Ichikawa1, Tomonari Akamatsu2, Nobuaki Arai1, Tomio Shinke3, Takeshi Hara4, and Kanjana Adulyanukosol5 1Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan Email: [email protected] 2National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, 314-0421 Ibaraki, Japan 3System Intech Co.,Ltd. R&D Center, 108-0023 Shizuoka, Japan 4Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, 104-0054 Tokyo, Japan 5Phuket Marine Biological Center, 83000 Phuket, Thailand ABSTRACT Dugongs (Dugong dugon) are herbivorous marine mammals and an endangered species. Unfortunately, the lack of basic research especially on the use of seagrass patches by dugongs prevents us from taking any effective countermeasures for their conservation. In this study, to monitor the feeding behavior of dugongs in the seagrass bed of a tidal flat, we conducted automatic visual observation and passive acoustic observation using a digital camera and automatic underwater sound monitoring systems for Dugong (AUSOMS-D). These observation methods were tested around Talibong Island, Trang Province, Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Seagrasses for Resilience to Climate Change
    Managing Seagrasses for Resilience to Climate Change Mats Björk, Fred Short, Elizabeth Mcleod and Sven Beer IUCN Resilience Science Group Working Paper Series - No 3 IUCN Global Marine Programme Founded in 1948, IUCN brings together States, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organizations in a unique world partnership: over 1000 members in all, spread across some 140 countries. As a Union, IUCN seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. The IUCN Global Marine Programme provides vital linkages for the Union and its members to all the IUCN activities that deal with marine issues, including projects and initiatives of the Regional offices and the 6 IUCN Commissions. The IUCN Global Marine Programme works on issues such as integrated coastal and marine management, fisheries, marine protected areas, large marine ecosystems, coral reefs, marine invasives and protection of high and deep seas. The Nature Conservancy The mission of The Nature Conservancy is to preserve the plants, animals and natural communities that represent the diversity of life on Earth by protecting the lands and waters they need to survive. The Conservancy launched the Global Marine Initiative in 2002 to protect and restore the most resilient examples of ocean and coastal ecosystems in ways that benefit marine life, local communities and economies. The Conservancy operates over 100 marine conservation projects in more than 21 countries and 22 US states; we work with partners across seascapes and landscapes through transformative strategies and integrated planning and action.
    [Show full text]
  • Seagrasses of the Great Barrier Reef JANET LANYON
    Seagrasses of the Great Barrier Reef JANET LANYON IIE.strallorls Geo~f Kelly ~.~.~,.Great Barrier Ree| Marine Park Authority ~'Special PubJication Series (3) Guide to the Identification of Seagrasses in the Great Barrier Reef Region JANET LANYON Illustrations Geoff Kelly ~ Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Special Publication Series (3) ISSN 0810--6983 ISBN 0--642--52489--0 Cover Design: Geoff Kelly NOTES ABOUT THE AUTHOR Janet Lanyon is currently doing a PhD in Zoology with supervisors at both Monash and James Cook Universities. Her interest in seagrass stems from research in which she is examining seagrass as food for dugongs. In addition to monitoring seasonal changes in the seagrass meadows of the Townsville region, Janet has been involved in seagrass surveys within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and Torres Strait. Her other interests include nutritional biology and ecology, particularly of Australian mammals, plant-herbivore relationships, marine mammal biology and various aspects of reef ecology. Published by GBRMPA 1986 Typesetting and artwork: Tim Weaver Graphics, Townsville, Queensland. Printed by Nadicprint Services Pty. Ltd., Townsville, Queensland. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank the following people for their valuable comments and criticism of the manuscript: Dr. Helene Marsh, Dr. Gordon Sanson, Mark Simmons, Dr. lan Price, Dr. Tony Larkum, Robert Coles, Dr Peter Arnold and Ruth Lanyon. Thanks must also go to Bey and Lyle Squire and Warren Lee Long of Queensland Fisheries, Cairns, for providing additional seagrass specimens, and to the seagrass workshop participants who attempted and commented on the taxonomic keys. I am most grateful to both Dr. lan Poiner of CSIRO Marine Laboratories, and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority for allowing me to participate in recent northern Australian seagrass surveys.
    [Show full text]