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Study on the Competitiveness of the Rail Supply Industry Final Report Study on the competitiveness of the Rail Supply Industry Final Report Written by Ecorys in cooperation with VVA and TNO September – 2019 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs Directorate Industrial Transformation and Advanced Value Chains Unit C.3 — Advanced Engineering and Manufacturing Systems Contact: Unit C.3 — Advanced Engineering and Manufacturing Systems E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUROPEAN COMMISSION Study on the competitiveness of the Rail Supply Industry Final Report Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs Directorate Industrial Transformation and Advanced Value Chains 2019 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 ISBN 978-92-79-86728-6 DOI 10.2873/592269 © European Union, 2014 Printed in [Country] PRINTED ON ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (ECF) PRINTED ON TOTALLY CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (TCF) PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER PRINTED ON PROCESS CHLORINE-FREE RECYCLED PAPER (PCF) Image(s) © [artist's name + image #], Year. Source: [Fotolia.com] (unless otherwise specified) Study on the competitiveness of the Rail Supply Industry Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 9 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 15 1.1. Context and background .............................................................................. 15 1.2. Study Objective .......................................................................................... 15 1.3. Structure of this report ................................................................................ 15 2. DEFINING THE RAIL SUPPLY INDUSTY (RSI) ............................................................ 17 2.1. Taxonomy of the RSI ................................................................................... 17 Definition and segmentations of the RSI ............................................ 17 Description of the RSI segments ...................................................... 18 2.2. A statistical definition for the railway supply industry ....................................... 26 3. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE RAILWAY SUPPLY INDUSTRY IN EUROPE .................. 31 3.1. Overall sector structure ................................................................................ 31 Locomotive and rolling stocks .......................................................... 33 Repair and maintenance .................................................................. 36 3.2. RSI according to company size - SME check ................................................... 38 Locomotive and rolling stocks .......................................................... 38 Signalling and electrification ............................................................ 41 Rail infrastructure ........................................................................... 43 3.3. Production in the RSI ................................................................................... 45 Locomotive and rolling stock ............................................................ 45 Signalling and electrification products ............................................... 47 Rail infrastructure ........................................................................... 48 3.4. Gross investments in tangible goods .............................................................. 50 3.5. International trade (CN Codes) ..................................................................... 52 Locomotive and rolling stock ............................................................ 54 Signalling and electrification products ............................................... 57 Rail Infrastructure .......................................................................... 59 3.6. Labour competitiveness................................................................................ 61 3.7. Procurement trends ..................................................................................... 66 Number of tenders and value of awards per country ........................... 67 Winning criteria .............................................................................. 76 Top winning companies ................................................................... 77 3.8. Findings on the economic importance of the RSI in Europe ............................... 80 4. THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF THE EUROPEAN RSI ............................................... 83 4.1. European RSI in comparison with other European industries ............................. 83 Economic performance .................................................................... 83 Gross investments in tangible goods performance .............................. 86 Trade performance ......................................................................... 88 4.2. European RSI evolution and trends in the global context .................................. 89 Production ..................................................................................... 90 Exports ......................................................................................... 91 Imports ......................................................................................... 92 Consumption ................................................................................. 94 Balance of Trade ............................................................................ 95 Market share of the European RSI in other markets worldwide ............. 96 Labour ........................................................................................ 121 R&D, patents and industrial designs ................................................ 122 5 Study on the competitiveness of the Rail Supply Industry 4.3. Boosting European RSI excellence in the global market: case studies on good industry examples and practices ................................................................. 128 Frecciarossa 1000/ETR 400............................................................ 129 The European Rail Traffic Management System: cooperation to foster innovation .......................................................................... 131 SMEs and their role in the European Rail Supply Industry .................. 133 4.4. Findings on the competitive position of the RSI in relation to other industries and globally .............................................................................................. 135 5. FINDINGS ON THE REGULATORY AND FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS ............................ 139 5.1. Harmonisation and interoperability .............................................................. 139 The Regulatory framework............................................................. 139 The Fourth Railway Package .......................................................... 141 The EU Public Procurement framework ............................................ 143 International public procurement .................................................... 144 Administrative burden ................................................................... 145 Standardisation ............................................................................ 145 5.2. Developing rail transport infrastructure ........................................................ 149 5.3. Social and environmental sustainability ........................................................ 153 5.4. Labour demand and labour conditions .......................................................... 154 5.5. International market access ........................................................................ 155 5.6. Foreign Direct Investment .......................................................................... 163 5.7. Innovation ................................................................................................ 165 Investment in R&D&I .................................................................... 165 Shift2Rail .................................................................................... 166 Potential of digitalisation ............................................................... 168 5.8. Overall conclusion ..................................................................................... 173 6. STRATEGIC OUTLOOK ......................................................................................... 175 6.1. Future trends and positioning rail in the mobility and logistics system .............. 175 General Future trends ................................................................... 175 Digital transformation & Business models of the New economy ......... 177 Risk assessment for future rail: Exploration of possible implications of new business models in the transport sector ................................ 177 User orientation redefined ............................................................
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