Aportes Ao Conhecimento Da Flora E Diversidade Do

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Aportes Ao Conhecimento Da Flora E Diversidade Do Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Botânica Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica APORTES AO CONHECIMENTO DA FLORA E DIVERSIDADE DO BIOMA CERRADO DO BRASIL E DA BOLÍVIA DANIEL VILLARROEL SEGARRA Orientadora: Profa. CAROLYN ELINORE BARNES PROENÇA, Ph. D. Brasília Distrito-Federal Julho-2011 Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Botânica Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica APORTES AO CONHECIMENTO DA FLORA E DIVERSIDADE DO BIOMA CERRADO DO BRASIL E DA BOLÍVIA DANIEL VILLARROEL SEGARRA Orientadora: Profa. CAROLYN ELINORE BARNES PROENÇA, Ph. D. Brasília Distrito-Federal Julho-2011 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço… A Deus por sua graça divina, e por todo o que me deu; À minha família pelo grande apoiou ao longo da minha formação acadêmica; À Universidade de Brasília e a CAPES pela bolsa concedida para a realização dos estudos; À Darwin Initiative, pelo auxilio económico para o trabalho de campo e estudos durante o primeiro semestre do mestrado; Ao Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado e o Herbario del Oriente Boliviano, por sua ajuda concebida no processo da coletas; À minha orientadora Carolyn E. B. Proenca e a John R.I. Wood, que acreditaram em mim, guiaram meus passos e brindaram sua amizade; À minha amiga Kadja Milena Gomes Bezerra, você fez que minha vida fosse melhor nos momentos mais ruines, muito obrigado por sua amizade; Aos amigos do Brasil que me fizeram sentir sempre em casa: Letícia, Jair, Josemília, Claudenir, Abel, Beatriz, Daniela, Duda, Estevão, Gabi, Juliana, Maria Raquel, Raissa, Renata, Thiago, Rafael, Paulo Cipó, Suzi, Aldeni, Anádria e todos meus colegas da UNB; Aos amigos da Bolívia: Yanina, Daniel Soto, Juan Carlos, Jesus, Alejandro, Alexander, Aquilino, Ivan, Fabiana, Suely, Eliana e todos que ajudaram moral e tecnicamente durante minha ausência; De forma geral agradeço a todos que de forma direta ou indireta contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho... MUITO OBRIGADO!!! SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO GERAL................................................................................................1 ÁREA DE ESTUDO........................................................................................................2 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS..........................................................................7 CAPITULO 1: Padrões de esforços de coleta, riqueza e endemismo florístico: implicações para a conservação do Cerrado boliviano e brasileiro Resumo..........................................................................................................................10 Abstract.........................................................................................................................11 Introdução.....................................................................................................................12 Área de estudo..............................................................................................................13 Material e métodos.......................................................................................................14 Táxons indicadores..........................................................................................................14 Banco de dados...............................................................................................................14 Avaliação e designação de coordenadas geográficas......................................................15 Expedições de botânicas.................................................................................................15 Identificação dos espécimes............................................................................................16 Análise de dados.............................................................................................................16 Intensidade de amostragem.............................................................................................17 Elaboração de mapas......................................................................................................17 Resultados.....................................................................................................................18 Número de coleções e espécies do banco de dados........................................................18 Intensidade de amostragem.............................................................................................18 Riqueza de espécies........................................................................................................19 Endemismo......................................................................................................................20 Situação do estado de conservação das áreas com maior riqueza de espécies e endemismo.......................................................................................................................21 Discussão.......................................................................................................................22 Conhecimento da flora do Cerrado boliviano e brasileiro...............................................22 Intensidade de amostragem.............................................................................................23 Riqueza de espécies e endemismo local.........................................................................24 Situação atual do estado de conservação do bioma Cerrado..........................................27 Conclusões.....................................................................................................................29 Agradecimentos…………………………………………………………………….…30 Referências....................................................................................................................31 CAPITULO 2: A FAMÍLIA MYRTACEAE JUSS. NO CERRADO SENSU LATO DA BOLÍVIA: CHECKLIST, ECOLOGIA E RELAÇÕES FITOGEOGRÁFICAS RESUMO……................................................................................................................52 INTRODUÇÃO.............................................................................................................54 MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS.........................................................................................55 Área de estudo.................................................................................................................56 Compilação da informação..............................................................................................56 Expedições botânicas e tratamento dos espécimes..........................................................57 Identificação dos espécimes............................................................................................58 Elaboração do checklist...................................................................................................58 Variabilidade da riqueza de espécies em relação aos habitas e formas de vida..............58 Identificação das áreas com maior riqueza......................................................................59 Afinidade e originalidade fitogeográfica.........................................................................59 Elaboração de chaves taxonômicas.................................................................................60 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO..................................................................................61 Banco de dados e riqueza de espécies.............................................................................61 Checklist..........................................................................................................................62 Riqueza de espécies por formas de vida.........................................................................64 Riqueza de espécies por fitofisionomias.........................................................................65 Áreas com maior riqueza e endemismo de espécies.......................................................67 Afinidades fitogeográficas..............................................................................................68 Chaves taxonômicas para os gêneros de Myrtaceae do cerrado sensu lato da Bolívia...70 CONCLUSÕES.............................................................................................................72 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS........................................................................72 ANEXOS.........................................................................................................................97 LISTA DE FIGURAS INTRODUÇÃO GERAL Figura 1. Mapas da área de estudo. a) países de America do Sul, b) Santas Cruz e outros departamentos da Bolívia, c) províncias onde se distribui o Cerrado boliviano....4 Figura 2. Mapas da área de estudo. a) zonas de vegetação utilizadas na delimitação do Cerrado boliviano (Navarro & Ferreira 2004), b) mapa de ecorregiões do bioma Cerrado no Brasil (Arruda et al. 2008), c) mapa do bioma Cerrado do Brasil (IBGE)..................5 Figura 3. Limites da área de estudo (bioma Cerrado da Bolívia e do Brasil)................................................................................................................................6 CAPITULO 1: Padrões de esforços de coleta, riqueza e endemismo florístico: implicações para a conservação do Cerrado boliviano e brasileiro Fig. 1 Limites da área de estudo (bioma Cerrado da Bolívia e do Brasil)..............................................................................................................................39 Fig. 2 Tipos
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