DOCSLIB.ORG

The Philosophical Age

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Philosophical Age THE PHILOSOPHICAL AGE THE NORTHERN LIGHTS SOCIAL PHILOSOPHIES AND UTOPIAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN NORTHERN EUROPE AND RUSSIA THE NORTHERN LIGHTS Social Philosophies and Utopias of the Enlightenment in Northern Europe and Russia Александровский институт университета Хельсинки Санкт-Петербургский центр истории идей ____________________________________________ ФИЛОСОФСКИЙ ВЕК АЛЬМАНАХ 39 СЕВЕРНОЕ СИЯНИЕ Социальная философия и утопии Просвещения в Северной Европе и России Ответственные редакторы Т.В. Артемьева, М.И. Микешин, В. Ойттинен Санкт-Петербургский центр истории идей Санкт-Петербург — Хельсинки 2013 The Aleksanteri Institute of the University of Helsinki St. Petersburg Center for the History of Ideas ____________________________________________ THE PHILOSOPHICAL AGE ALMANAC 39 THE NORTHERN LIGHTS Social Philosophies and Utopias of the Enlightenment in Northern Europe and Russia Edited by Tatiana Artemyeva, Mikhail Mikeshin, Vesa Oittinen St. Petersburg Center for the History of Ideas St. Petersburg — Helsinki 2013 Ответственные редакторы альманаха: Т.В. Артемьева, М.И. Микешин В оформлении использовано аллегорическое изображение философии из книги «Иконология, объясненная лицами, или полное собрание аллегорий, емблем и пр.» (Т. 2. М., 1803). В 39-м выпуске альманаха «Философский век» опубликованы мате- риалы международного научного симпозиума «Северное сияние: Соци- альная философия и утопия Просвещения в Северной Европе и России», проведенного 14–15 сентября 2012 г. в Александровском институте университета Хельсинки в сотрудничестве с Санкт-Петербургским цен- тром истории идей. Симпозиум продолжил серию семинаров «Северное сияние», являющуюся составной частью проекта «Centre of Excellence» Александровского института, исследующего модернизационные про- цессы в России. Семинары «Северное сияние» изучают историческую роль мысли эпохи Просвещения и ее влияние на создание современных обществ в Скандинавии и России. Философский век. Альманах. Выпуск 39. Северное сияние: Соци- альная философия и утопии Просвещения в Северной Европе и России / Отв. редакторы Т.В. Артемьева, М.И. Микешин, В. Ойтти- нен. — СПб. — Хельсинки: Санкт-Петербургский центр истории идей, 2013. — 168 с. ISBN 978-5-906078-82-7 The Philosophical Age. Almanac 39. The Northern Lights: Social Philoso- phies and Utopias of the Enlightenment in Northern Europe and Russia. Ed. by T. Artemyeva, M. Mikeshin, V. Oittinen. St. Petersburg — Helsinki: St. Petersburg Center for the History of Ideas, 2013. Компьютерный макет: М.И. Микешин Санкт-Петербургский центр истории идей http://ideashistory.org.ru © Авторы Альманах «Философский век», 2013 5 CONTENTS Vesa Oittinen Foreword: Enlightenment and Utopia 9 Tatiana Artemyeva Alternative History as Utopia 12 Mikhail Mikeshin The Vorontsov Brothers’ Utopia of the Aristocratic Senate 22 Oili Pulkkinen The Scottish Enlightenment and Utopian Political Thought: Genre and Context 36 Hartwig Frank Von der Klarheit zur Mündigkeit. Zu den Implikationen eines Metaphernwechsels in der Aufklärung 48 Larisa Nikiforova The Beehive Metaphor and the Amber Room in the Catherine Palace at Tsarskoye Selo 63 Pekka Hongisto On Thomas Thorild and Utopias 81 Vesa Oittinen The First Finnish Utopian? Gabriel Israel Hartman and His Poem to the Magisterial Promotion of 1805 102 Maria Rakhmaninova Zur Aktualität der Ideen der Aufklärung in Rußland und Deutschland am Beispiel von Kropotkins Kommunitarismus und Stirners Individualismus 123 Kimmo Sarje Anders Chydenius’s Rhetoric for the Freedom of Foreign Trade in Sweden in 1765 137 6 Contents Maren Jonasson The Works of Anders Chydenius: A Springboard for Comparative Research 154 List of Contributors 166 7 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Веса Ойттинен Предисловие: Просвещение и утопия 9 Татьяна Артемьева Альтернативная история как утопия 12 Михаил Микешин Аристократический сенат — утопия братьев Воронцовых 22 Оили Пулккинен Шотландское Просвещение и утопическая политическая мысль: жанр и контекст 36 Хартвиг Франк От ясности к зрелости. О предпосылках изменения метафор в эпоху Просвещения 48 Лариса Никифорова Метафора пчелиного улья и Янтарная комната Екатерининского дворца в Царском Селе 63 Пекка Хонгисто О Томасе Торильде и утопиях 81 Веса Ойттинен Первый финский утопист? Габриель Израель Хартман и его поэма на получение титула магистра в 1805 г. 102 Мария Рахманинова Об актуальности идей Просвещения в России и Германии на примере коммунитарного анархизма Кропоткина и индивидуализма Штирнера 123 Киммо Сарье Аргументы Андерса Чудениуса за свободу международной торговли в Швеции в 1765 г. 137 8 Contents Марен Йонассон Сочинения Андерса Чудениуса: трамплин для компаративного исследования 154 Список авторов 166 9 Foreword ENLIGHTENMENT AND UTOPIA Vesa Oittinen Many historians of utopian thought do pass the Enlightenment age with a short mention, focusing instead on early utopias of Pla- to and Thomas More, or then on the socialist and communist ideas developed in the 19th and 20th centuries. One could, however, claim with good reason that the Enlightenment period, the 18th century, was the age of utopias par excellence. Not only utopias in the received sense were presented — that is, more or less fantastic descriptions of an ideal state of society or of “bright future,” — the whole Enlightenment project set off the seeking of alternatives to the order of ancien régime, and was in this sense “utopian.” The Enlightenment is commonly seen as the “Age of Reason” and thus the stress on its Utopian moment may sound contradicto- ry to this view. However, for the men living in the eighteenth cen- tury, rationalism and utopianism were not mutually exclusive modes of thought. On the contrary, it was just the Enlightenment rationalism which fostered utopian views and projects for an en- tirely new social order. The Philosophical Age. Almanac 39. The Northern Lights: Social Philosophies and Utopias of the Enlightenment in Northern Europe and Russia. St. Peters- burg — Helsinki: St. Petersburg Center for the History of Ideas, 2013. P. 9–11. 10 Foreword This question is worth a closer look. We can take as starting point the well-known definitions of Karl Mannheim in his now classical work Ideologie und Utopie (1929). He distinguishes four fundamental forms of utopia: (i) the chiliastic movements, as re- presented e.g. by the Anabaptists in the 16th century; (ii) the liber- al humanitarian idea; (iii) the conservative idea; (iv) the socialist- communist utopia. In this listing, the Enlightenment utopianism would mainly belong to the second category, although even some communist ideas were expressed, albeit in a very foggy manner. But why did utopias play such a prominent role in the social thought of the Enlightenment? It seems that the answer is rather simple: the Enlightenment thinkers aimed at a new, more rational and more just social order than the existing hierarchical society with its estate privileges was, but such a new society did not yet exist nowhere. The present-day liberal democratic social order, which we nowadays — at least in the West — take for granted, ex- isted in the 18th century only as blueprints in the works of the phi- losophes. The Enlightenment thinkers wanted a society which did not yet exist in the real world, and in this sense the core character- istics of utopian thought, which according to Mannheim consists in “ideas which transcend that which exists at the present,” is indeed applicable to most of the social projects of the epoch. To repeat, this utopianism did not contradict the rationalism and criticism inherent to the spirit of the 18th century, on the contrary. One should not forget, that in the previous century, in the 1600s, the natural sciences were yet a similar utopian project. Men of ear- ly modern science, like Descartes and Galilei, were only beginning to apply the new methodological ideas on the research of natural phenomena and fell often into utopian visions — the most spec- tacular example of these is the idea of a characteristica universalis by Leibniz, which, according to him, should henceforth settle all scientific disputes. Indeed, the example of Leibniz specifically Foreword 11 demonstrates, how a strict rationalism and utopianism are able to go hand in hand. * * * The Aleksanteri Institute of the University of Helsinki and the St. Petersburg Center for the History of Ideas organized in 14–15 September 2012 a symposium on social philosophies and utopias of the Enlightenment in Northern Europe and Russia. The sympo- sium, which had 14 speakers, was the second in a series of Russian and Finnish scholars discussing problems of the Enlightenment age. The previous symposium was held in 2009. The 2012 symposium was opened by Prof. Markku Kangaspu- ro, Director of the Research of the Aleksanteri Institute. While the papers by Tatiana Artemyeva, Hartwig Frank and Oili Pulkkinen dealt with more general problems of analyzing the Enlightenment thought in its relation to utopias, the other contributions focused on special case studies, and Maren Jonasson presented the project of collected works of the important Finnish enlightener Anders Chydenius. Both the 2012 symposium and the coming ones will at the same time contribute to Aleksanteri Institute’s Centre of Excel- lence research project on the modernization processes taking place in Russia. 12 ALTERNATIVE HISTORY AS UTOPIA Tatiana Artemyeva Le nez de Cléopâtre, s’il eût été plus court, toute la face de la terre aurait change Blaise Pascal The content of “utopia” is much older than the name coined by Thomas More. It appeared in the time of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H
    Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I New Direction MMXX CONTENTS Hannes H. Gissurarson is Professor of Politics at the University of Iceland and Director of Research at RNH, the Icelandic Research Centre for Innovation and Economic Growth. The author of several books in Icelandic, English and Swedish, he has been on the governing boards of the Central Bank of Iceland and the Mont Pelerin Society and a Visiting Scholar at Stanford, UCLA, LUISS, George Mason and other universities. He holds a D.Phil. in Politics from Oxford University and a B.A. and an M.A. in History and Philosophy from the University of Iceland. Introduction 7 Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241) 13 St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) 35 John Locke (1632–1704) 57 David Hume (1711–1776) 83 Adam Smith (1723–1790) 103 Edmund Burke (1729–1797) 129 Founded by Margaret Thatcher in 2009 as the intellectual Anders Chydenius (1729–1803) 163 hub of European Conservatism, New Direction has established academic networks across Europe and research Benjamin Constant (1767–1830) 185 partnerships throughout the world. Frédéric Bastiat (1801–1850) 215 Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) 243 Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) 281 New Direction is registered in Belgium as a not-for-profit organisation and is partly funded by the European Parliament. Registered Office: Rue du Trône, 4, 1000 Brussels, Belgium President: Tomasz Poręba MEP Executive Director: Witold de Chevilly Lord Acton (1834–1902) 313 The European Parliament and New Direction assume no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Network Map of Knowledge And
    Humphry Davy George Grosz Patrick Galvin August Wilhelm von Hofmann Mervyn Gotsman Peter Blake Willa Cather Norman Vincent Peale Hans Holbein the Elder David Bomberg Hans Lewy Mark Ryden Juan Gris Ian Stevenson Charles Coleman (English painter) Mauritz de Haas David Drake Donald E. Westlake John Morton Blum Yehuda Amichai Stephen Smale Bernd and Hilla Becher Vitsentzos Kornaros Maxfield Parrish L. Sprague de Camp Derek Jarman Baron Carl von Rokitansky John LaFarge Richard Francis Burton Jamie Hewlett George Sterling Sergei Winogradsky Federico Halbherr Jean-Léon Gérôme William M. Bass Roy Lichtenstein Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael Tony Cliff Julia Margaret Cameron Arnold Sommerfeld Adrian Willaert Olga Arsenievna Oleinik LeMoine Fitzgerald Christian Krohg Wilfred Thesiger Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant Eva Hesse `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas Him Mark Lai Clark Ashton Smith Clint Eastwood Therkel Mathiassen Bettie Page Frank DuMond Peter Whittle Salvador Espriu Gaetano Fichera William Cubley Jean Tinguely Amado Nervo Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Ferdinand Hodler Françoise Sagan Dave Meltzer Anton Julius Carlson Bela Cikoš Sesija John Cleese Kan Nyunt Charlotte Lamb Benjamin Silliman Howard Hendricks Jim Russell (cartoonist) Kate Chopin Gary Becker Harvey Kurtzman Michel Tapié John C. Maxwell Stan Pitt Henry Lawson Gustave Boulanger Wayne Shorter Irshad Kamil Joseph Greenberg Dungeons & Dragons Serbian epic poetry Adrian Ludwig Richter Eliseu Visconti Albert Maignan Syed Nazeer Husain Hakushu Kitahara Lim Cheng Hoe David Brin Bernard Ogilvie Dodge Star Wars Karel Capek Hudson River School Alfred Hitchcock Vladimir Colin Robert Kroetsch Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Stephen Sondheim Robert Ludlum Frank Frazetta Walter Tevis Sax Rohmer Rafael Sabatini Ralph Nader Manon Gropius Aristide Maillol Ed Roth Jonathan Dordick Abdur Razzaq (Professor) John W.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SWEDISH LANGUAGE Sharingsweden.Se PHOTO: CECILIA LARSSON LANTZ/IMAGEBANK.SWEDEN.SE
    FACTS ABOUT SWEDEN / THE SWEDISH LANGUAGE sharingsweden.se PHOTO: CECILIA LARSSON LANTZ/IMAGEBANK.SWEDEN.SE PHOTO: THE SWEDISH LANGUAGE Sweden is a multilingual country. However, Swedish is and has always been the majority language and the country’s main language. Here, Catharina Grünbaum paints a picture of the language from Viking times to the present day: its development, its peculiarities and its status. The national language of Sweden is Despite the dominant status of Swedish, Swedish and related languages Swedish. It is the mother tongue of Sweden is not a monolingual country. Swedish is a Nordic language, a Ger- approximately 8 million of the country’s The Sami in the north have always been manic branch of the Indo-European total population of almost 10 million. a domestic minority, and the country language tree. Danish and Norwegian Swedish is also spoken by around has had a Finnish-speaking population are its siblings, while the other Nordic 300,000 Finland Swedes, 25,000 of ever since the Middle Ages. Finnish languages, Icelandic and Faroese, are whom live on the Swedish-speaking and Meänkieli (a Finnish dialect spoken more like half-siblings that have pre- Åland islands. in the Torne river valley in northern served more of their original features. Swedish is one of the two national Sweden), spoken by a total of approxi- Using this approach, English and languages of Finland, along with Finnish, mately 250,000 people in Sweden, German are almost cousins. for historical reasons. Finland was part and Sami all have legal status as The relationship with other Indo- of Sweden until 1809.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Aber Mein Lieber Schneider': The
    ‘Aber mein Lieber Schneider’: The Printer as a Media Actor and the Drama of Production in Then Swänska Argus (1732–34) Tilda Maria Forselius Journal of European Periodical Studies, 1.1 (Summer 2016) ISSN 2506-6587 DOI: 10.21825/jeps.v1i1.2575 Content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence The Journal of European Periodical Studies is hosted by Ghent University Website: ojs.ugent.be/jeps To cite this article: Tilda Maria Forselius, ‘“Aber mein Lieber Schneider”: The Printer as a Media Actor and the Drama of Production in Then Swänska Argus (1732–34)’, Journal of European Periodical Studies, 1.1 (Summer 2016), 25–36 ‘Aber mein Lieber Schneider’: The Printer as a Media Actor and the Drama of Production in Then Swänska Argus (1732–34) Tilda Maria Forselius University of Gothenburg [email protected] ABSTRACT Then Swänska Argus, a weekly journal in the Spectator pattern, was published in Stockholm between 1732 and 1734. Whereas the editor and author Olof Dalin (1708–63) has gained much fame for the enterprise, not much is known about the printer Benjamin Gottlieb Schneider (16??–1738). In this essay I focus on the available evidence about the printer and printing conditions, as well as on the fact that several essays and shorter segments in Then Swänska Argus are addressed to the printer or deal with printing issues. My thesis is that this content played a part in the identity formation of the medium, as it stands for the editor’s interest in the printer and related technology at a time when the moral weekly was new in Sweden.
    [Show full text]
  • Anssi Halmesvirta the British Conception of the Finnish
    Anssi Halmesvirta The British conception of the Finnish 'race', nation and culture, 1760-1918 Societas Historica Finlandiae Suomen Historiallinen Seura Finska Historiska Samfundet Studia Historica 34 Anssi Häme svida The British conception of the Finnish 'race', nation and culture, 1760 1918 SHS / Helsinki / 1990 Cover by Rauno Endén "The Bombardment of Sveaborg" (9-10 of August, 1855). A drawing by J. W. Carmichael, artist from the Illustrated London News ISSN 0081-6493 ISBN 951-8915-28-8 GUMMERUS KIRJAPAINO OY JYVÄSKYLÄ 1990 Contents PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 8 1. THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY IMAGE OF THE FINN 29 1.1. Some precedents 29 1.2. The naturalists' view 36 1.3. The historians' view 43 1.4. Travel accounts 53 2. ON THE NORTH-EASTERN FRONTIER OF CIVILIZATION: THE EVOLUTION OF THE FINNS 81 2.1. The science of race 81 2.2. The place of the Finn in British pre-evolutionary anthropology, 1820-1855 88 2.3. Philology, ethnology and politics: the evolution of Finnish 111 2.4. The political and cultural status of Finland, 1809-1856: British perceptions 130 2.5. Agitation, war and aftermath 150 3. ARYANS OR MONGOLS? — BRITISH THEORIES OF FINNISH ORIGINS 167 4. THE FINNS, THEIR KALEVALA AND THEIR CULTURE.. 191 5. COMPARATIVE POLITICS AND BRITISH PERCEPTIONS OF THE PROGRESS OF THE FINNS, 1860-1899 209 5 6. BRITISH RESPONSES TO THE FINNISH-RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONAL CONTENTION, 1899-1918 239 6.1. Immediate reactions 239 6.2. The Finnish question: variations on a Liberal theme 253 6.2.1. The constitutionalist argument 253 6.2.2. A compromise 266 6.2.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Noble Conceptions of Politics in Eighteenth-Century Sweden (Ca 1740–1790)
    charlotta wolff Noble conceptions of politics in eighteenth-century Sweden (ca 1740–1790) Studia Fennica Historica The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad. Studia fennica editorial board Anna-Leena Siikala Markku Haakana Timo Kaartinen Pauli Kettunen Leena Kirstinä Teppo Korhonen Kati Lampela Editorial Office SKS P.O. Box 259 FI-00171 Helsinki www.finlit.fi Charlotta Wolff Noble conceptions of politics in eighteenth-century Sweden (ca 1740–1790) Finnish Literature Society • Helsinki Studia Fennica Historica 15 The publication has undergone a peer review. The open access publication of this volume has received part funding via Helsinki University Library. © 2016 Charlotta Wolff and SKS License CC-BY-NC-ND A digital edition of a printed book first published in 2008 by the Finnish Literature Society. Cover Design: Timo Numminen EPUB Conversion: eLibris Media Oy ISBN 978-952-222-092-9 (Print) ISBN 978-952-222-782-9 (PDF) ISBN 978-952-222-781-2 (EPUB) ISSN 0085-6835 (Studia Fennica) ISSN 1458-526X (Studia Fennica Historica) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21435/sfh.15 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license.
    [Show full text]
  • Suggested Reading and Viewing
    Suggested Reading and Viewing If you enjoyed Sweden: Lessons for America?, you might also enjoy the following materials: SUGGESTED READING FROM JOHAN NORBERG Here is my own brief introduction to Sweden’s economic and political history and welfare state: https://www.libertarianism.org/publications/essays/how-laissez-faire-made-sweden-rich Mauricio Rojas is an immigrant from Sweden and an economic historian who went from being a Marxist to a free marketeer after meeting the Swedish model. Here is a very good and fairly short introduction to Sweden: https://timbro.se/app/uploads/2017/02/9175665891.pdf Andreas Bergh is a smart economist, who has explained Sweden’s peculiar combination of free enterprise and a welfare state: https://www.amazon.com/Revival-Capitalist-Welfare-Thinking-Political/dp/1783473495 Nima Sanandaji, an immigrant from Iran, who explains why Scandinavian welfare states aren’t so great as most foreigners think: https://www.amazon.com/Scandinavian-Unexceptionalism-Third-Way-Socialism-Political/dp/025536704X ADDITIONAL READING SUGGESTIONS Anticipating The Wealth of Nations: The Selected Works of Anders Chydenius, 1729–1803 (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics) 1st Edition by Anders Chydenius https://www.amazon.com/Anticipating-Wealth-Nations-Chydenius-1729-1803/dp/0415551331 The National Gain by Anders Chydenius https://www.amazon.com/national-gain-Anders-Chydenius/dp/B00086NYNQ Progress: 10 Reasons to Look Forward to the Future by Johan Norberg https://www.amazon.com/Progress-Reasons-Look-Forward-Future/dp/1786070650
    [Show full text]
  • Imagereal Capture
    | 2 Fre dom of Information R view j Freedom of Information, a Finnish clergyman’s gift to democracy Constitutional rights, guarantees of freedom of speech reporting. Among the many facts which emerged was an and freedom of the press tend to be thought of as analo­ initially surprising revelation that one strand of the evolu­ gous with republicanism and the Constitution of the tion of Fol was deeply rooted in Seventh Century China. It United States. It is a matter of record that the First was also discovered that the first legislative moves Amendment to the United States Constitution — a docu­ towards freedom of information in any Western nation, ment guaranteeing freedoms of religion, speech, the and probably the world, occurred in Sweden and Finland press, assembly, and petition — has been seen as a (which was part of the Swedish Realm at the time) in model and a benchmark in other democratic nations. So 1707. In that year a statute was adopted compelling the too, have United States freedom of information laws and publishers of all printed literature to lodge ‘legal deposit its Bill of Rights. In fact many of the nearly 40 nations copies’ of everything they produced with government around the world which have some form of freedom of approved libraries.11 While not a freedom of information information (Fol) statute today,1 have at least partly act in the broad sense of making all government-held based their own legislation on the United States model.2 documents available to all citizens, it was a very signifi­ In reality, however, the United States was far from the cant forerunner of later laws for three reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Avant-Propos
    Avant-propos e dossier de ce numéro 24 de la Revue d’histoire nordique est consacré à l’une des Lsouveraines les plus connues et les plus mystérieuses du XVIIe siècle, la reine Christine de Suède. Placée encore enfant à la tête de l’un des États alors les plus puissants d’Europe, celle-ci renonce assez jeune au trône au profit de l’un de ses cousins, s’installe à Rome, abjure le luthéranisme et se convertit au catholicisme. Très attirée par les débats intellectuels, elle invite à sa cour, tant en Suède qu’à Rome, de nombreux artistes, philosophes ou théologiens avec lesquels elle échange volontiers, annonçant ainsi avec presque un siècle d’avance ce qui va devenir une sorte de mode chez maints souverains de l’ère des Lumières, ne serait-ce que la Grande Catherine de Russie. Pour ce qui est de la gestion du Royaume et de la politique extérieure, elle montre moins de dispositions, laissant en grande partie au chancelier Axel Oxenstierna le soin de mener les affaires. Il lui arrive cependant d’avoir des différends politiques avec ce dernier, en particulier au moment des négociations des traités de Westphalie, ce qui lui vaut les foudres de l’ancien conseiller et ami de son père, Gustave II Adolphe. Le présent dossier, mené de mains de maîtres par Didier Foucault et Véronique Castagnet-Lars, s’intéresse prioritairement aux liens tissés entre la célèbre souveraine et divers cercles d’intellectuels, poètes et artistes ayant bénéficié de ses largesses. Plusieurs contributions mettent en lumière le rôle de certains réseaux (les rosicruciens étudiés par Federic Barbierato ou les académiciens royaux présents à Rome présentés par Valentina Gallo) ou de certains individus (Pierre Chanut pour Cécile Peter, Pierre Michon Bourdelot pour Didier Foucault, Athanasius Kircher pour Susanna Åkerman) dans la formation intellectuelle et religieuse de Christine.
    [Show full text]
  • The Success of the Finnish Model: an Economic Analysis
    Journal of Management Policies and Practices June 2019, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 12-20 ISSN: 2333-6048 (Print), 2333-6056 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/jmpp.v7n1a2 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/jmpp.v7n1a2 The Success of the Finnish Model: An Economic Analysis Jordi Franch Parella1 Abstract Finland is considered an example of how interventionist governmental policies work and a success under many socio-economic standards. From social indicators like inequality and crime to economic indicators like productivity and innovation the Nordic country gathers near the top. We inquire into the causes of the Finnish economic success, ascertaining which is the role of the Welfare State and the public sector in it. In fact, we examine which is the relation of causality between the good socio-economic performance and the public sector. Finland is a competitive market economy that has developed a functional Welfare State within a context of liberalisation and free choice. In this paper, we research the causes of this successful model. Keywords: Nordic model, Finland, capitalism, socialism, Welfare State JEL Classification: I00, O52, P00 1. Introduction Finland, the most northerly country in the European Union (EU), disposes of an inhospitable and extreme climatology. The low temperatures and the cold Baltic wind make life in public outdoor spaces unattractive. The differences with the southern European countries are very noticeable from the first moment (Franch, 2017). The Nordic economies are usually seen, not only in Europe but also in the USA (Aleem, 2015) as an example of efficient Welfare States where the government provides a large range of social benefits.
    [Show full text]
  • Sjuttonhundratal Nordic Yearbook for Eighteenth-Century Studies Volume 12
    Sjuttonhundratal Nordic Yearbook for Eighteenth-Century Studies Volume 12 2015 Sjuttonhundratal: Nordic Yearbook for Eighteenth-Century Studies An international multidisciplinary peer reviewed open access scholarly journal Published by Svenska sällskapet för 1700-talsstudier in cooperation with Suomen 1700-luvun tutkimuksen seura/Finska sällskapet för 1700-talsstudier Norsk selskap for 1700-tallsstudier Dansk selskab for 1700-talsstudier Félag um átjándu aldar fræði, Ísland Editor-in-chief: Professor David Dunér, Lund University, Sweden Co-editors: PhD, Associate Professor Johanna Ilmakunnas, University of Helsinki/ University of Turku, Finland; PhD Per Pippin Aspaas, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Assistant Professor Søren Peter Hansen, Technical University of Denmark, Ballerup, Denmark; Professor Lasse Horne Kjældgaard, Roskilde University, Denmark; PhD Hrefna Róbertsdóttir, National Archives of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland Review editors: PhD My Hellsing, Uppsala University, Sweden; Associate Professor Henrika Tandefelt, University of Helsinki, Finland; PhD Øystein Lydik Idsø Viken, University of Oslo, Norway; PhD Jens Bjerring-Hansen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Professor Margrét Eggertsdóttir, The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic studies, Reykjavík, Iceland Language consultant: PhD Mark Davies, Lund University, Sweden Open Access adviser: Jan Erik Frantsvåg, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Editorial board: Professor Anna Agnarsdóttir, University of Iceland, Reykjavík,
    [Show full text]
  • La Révolution Française, 12
    La Révolution française Cahiers de l’Institut d’histoire de la Révolution française 12 | 2017 Pratiques et enjeux scientifiques, intellectuels et politiques de la traduction (vers 1660-vers 1840) Volume 1 – Les enjeux politiques des traductions entre Lumières et Empire Patrice Bret et Jean-Luc Chappey (dir.) Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/lrf/1714 DOI : 10.4000/lrf.1714 ISSN : 2105-2557 Éditeur IHMC - Institut d'histoire moderne et contemporaine (UMR 8066) Référence électronique Patrice Bret et Jean-Luc Chappey (dir.), La Révolution française, 12 | 2017, « Pratiques et enjeux scientifiques, intellectuels et politiques de la traduction (vers 1660-vers 1840) » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 15 septembre 2017, consulté le 09 octobre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/lrf/1714 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/lrf.1714 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 9 octobre 2020. © La Révolution française 1 Si la traduction doit être invisible pour le lecteur, elle l’a été aussi trop souvent pour les historiens des sciences et des idées, comme si un texte n’était pas affecté par la translation d’un écrit d’une langue vers une autre et comme si sa réception dans un contexte culturel différent allait de soi, comme si traduire était un acte neutre porteur d’une évidence universelle. Or une traduction est le fruit d’altérations, d’adaptations et de négociations intellectuelles et matérielles, elle est porteuse d’enjeux scientifiques, intellectuels et politiques. La Révolution française, 12 | 2017 2 SOMMAIRE Pratiques et enjeux scientifiques, intellectuels et politiques de la traduction (vers 1660-vers 1840) – vol.
    [Show full text]