The Effect of Dyes, Pigments and Ionic Liquids on the Properties of Elastomer Com- Posites
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Wool Fiber Dyeing Machine Operator Course Code: TC WOOL 04
Government of India Ministry of Textiles Textiles Committee Course Name: Wool Fiber Dyeing Machine Operator Course Code: TC WOOL 04 Version: 01 Developed by: Resource Support Agency (RSA), Textiles Committee, Ministry of Textiles, Government of India TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Basic Textile Wet Processing Terms . 01 2. Brief of all Wet Processing Stages . 06 2.1. Grey Fabric Inspection . 07 2.2. Stitching . 07 2.3. Brushing . 07 2.4. Shearing/Cropping . 07 2.5. Singeing . 07 2.6. Desizing . 08 2.7. Scouring . 08 2.8. Bleaching . 09 2.10. Heat Setting . 09 2.11. Dyeing . 09 2.12. Printing . 11 2.13. Finishing . 11 2.14. Quality Assurance Laboratory . 12 2.15. Effluent Treatment Plant . 12 3. Introduction to Wool . 13 3.1. What is Wool? . 13 3.2. Types of Wool . 13 4. Composition of Wool . 15 4.1. Chemical Structure of Wool . 15 4.2. Morphological Structure of Wool . 16 5. Properties of Wool . 18 5.1. Physical properties of wool . 18 5.2. Chemical Properties of Wool . 19 5.3. End-Use Properties of Wool . 20 5.3.1 Uses and Application of Wool Fibres . 21 5.3.2 End Uses of Wool Fibres . 21 6. Wool Manufacturing Process . 22 Course: Wool Fiber Dyeing Machine Operator Developed by: Textiles Committee, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India 6.1. Flow Chart of Wool Processing . 22 6.2. Wool Manufacturing Processes . 22 6.2.1. Shearing . 23 6.2.2. Grading and Sorting . 23 6.2.3. Cleaning and Scouring . 24 6.2.4. Carding . 24 6.2.5. -
Mild Synthesis of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides with Potential Applications in Organic Optoelectronics
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2019 Mild Synthesis of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides with Potential Applications in Organic Optoelectronics Xizhe Zhao The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3258 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Mild Synthesis of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides with Potential Applications in Organic Optoelectronics By Xizhe Zhao A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Chemistry in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The City University of New York. 2019 © 2019 Xizhe Zhao All Rights Reserved ii Mild Synthesis of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides with Potential Applications in Organic Optoelectronics by Xizhe Zhao This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Chemistry in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 04/29/19 Prof. Shi Jin _________________________ __________________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee 04/29/19 Prof. Brian R. Gibney _________________________ __________________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Prof. Krishnaswami Raja Prof. Sanjai Kumar Pathak THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Mild Synthesis of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides with Potential Applications in Organic Optoelectronics By Xizhe Zhao Advisor: Professor Shi Jin Perylene tetracarboxylic derivatives are considered good n-type semi-conductors. In past decades, there has been extensive study on their synthesis and electronic properties. -
Lysochrome Dyes Sudan Dyes, Oil Red Fat Soluble Dyes Used for Biochemical Staining of Triglycerides, Fatty Acids, and Lipoproteins Product Description
FT-N13862 Lysochrome dyes Sudan dyes, Oil red Fat soluble dyes used for biochemical staining of triglycerides, fatty acids, and lipoproteins Product Description Name : Sudan IV Other names: Sudan R, C.I. Solvent Red 24, C.I. 26105, Lipid Crimson, Oil Red, Oil Red BB, Fat Red B, Oil Red IV, Scarlet Red, Scarlet Red N.F, Scarlet Red Scharlach, Scarlet R Catalog Number : N13862, 100g Structure : CAS: [85-83-6] Molecular Weight : MW: 380.45 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs =513-529nm(red);Sol(EtOH):0.09% S:22/23/24/25 Name : Sudan III Other names: Rouge Sudan ; rouge Ceresin ; CI 26100; CI Solvent Red 23 Catalog Number : 08002A, 25g Structure : CAS:[85-86-9] Molecular Weight : MW: 352.40 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs =503-510nm(red);Sol(EtOH):0.15% S:24/25 Name : Sudan Black B Other names: Sudan Black; Fat Black HB; Solvent Black 3; C.I. 26150 Catalog Number : 279042, 50g AR7910, 100tests stain for lipids granules Structure : CAS: [4197-25-5] S:22/23/24/25 Molecular Weight : MW: 456.54 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs=596-605nm(blue-black) Name : Oil Red O Other names: Solvent Red 27, Sudan Red 5B, C.I. 26125 Catalog Number : N13002, 100g Structure : CAS: [1320-06-5 ] Molecular Weight : MW: 408.51 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs =518(359)nm(red);Sol(EtOH): moderate; Sol(water): Insoluble S:22/23/24/25 Storage: Room temperature (Z) P.1 FT-N13862 Technical information & Directions for use A lysochrome is a fat soluble dye that have high affinity to fats, therefore are used for biochemical staining of triglycerides, fatty acids, and lipoproteins. -
Annexes Table of Content
Annexes Table of content Annexes ................................................................................................................... 1 Table of content ........................................................................................................ 1 List of tables ............................................................................................................. 6 List of figures ............................................................................................................ 8 Annex A: Manufacture and uses ................................................................................. 10 A.1. Manufacture, import and export ........................................................................... 10 A.1.1. Manufacture, import and export of textiles and leather ........................................ 10 A.1.2. Estimated volumes on of the chemicals used in textile and leather articles ............. 12 A.2. Uses ................................................................................................................. 13 A.2.1. The use of chemicals in textile and leather processing ......................................... 13 A.2.1.1. Textile processing ................................................................................... 13 A.2.1.2. Leather processing ................................................................................. 19 A.2.1.3. Textile and leather formulations ............................................................... 20 A.2.1.4. Chemicals used in -
Student Safety Sheets Dyes, Stains & Indicators
Student safety sheets 70 Dyes, stains & indicators Substance Hazard Comment Solid dyes, stains & indicators including: DANGER: May include one or more of the following Acridine orange, Congo Red (Direct dye 28), Crystal violet statements: fatal/toxic if swallowed/in contact (methyl violet, Gentian Violet, Gram’s stain), Ethidium TOXIC HEALTH with skin/ if inhaled; causes severe skin burns & bromide, Malachite green (solvent green 1), Methyl eye damage/ serious eye damage; may cause orange, Nigrosin, Phenolphthalein, Rosaniline, Safranin allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing CORR. IRRIT. difficulties if inhaled; may cause genetic defects/ cancer/damage fertility or the unborn child; causes damages to organs/through prolonged or ENVIRONMENT repeated exposure. Solid dyes, stains & indicators including Alizarin (1,2- WARNING: May include one or more of the dihydroxyanthraquinone), Alizarin Red S, Aluminon (tri- following statements: harmful if swallowed/in ammonium aurine tricarboxylate), Aniline Blue (cotton / contact with skin/if inhaled; causes skin/serious spirit blue), Brilliant yellow, Cresol Red, DCPIP (2,6-dichl- eye irritation; may cause allergic skin reaction; orophenolindophenol, phenolindo-2,6-dichlorophenol, HEALTH suspected of causing genetic PIDCP), Direct Red 23, Disperse Yellow 7, Dithizone (di- defects/cancer/damaging fertility or the unborn phenylthiocarbazone), Eosin (Eosin Y), Eriochrome Black T child; may cause damage to organs/respiratory (Solochrome black), Fluorescein (& disodium salt), Haem- HARMFUL irritation/drowsiness or dizziness/damage to atoxylin, HHSNNA (Patton & Reeder’s indicator), Indigo, organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. Magenta (basic Fuchsin), May-Grunwald stain, Methyl- ene blue, Methyl green, Orcein, Phenol Red, Procion ENVIRON. dyes, Pyronin, Resazurin, Sudan I/II/IV dyes, Sudan black (Solvent Black 3), Thymol blue, Xylene cyanol FF Solid dyes, stains & indicators including Some dyes may contain hazardous impurities and Acid blue 40, Blue dextran, Bromocresol green, many have not been well researched. -
Liquid Vs Pellet Color Is a Critical Feature in Consumer Packaging That Enables Brands to Create Differentiation and Recognizable Identity on Shelf
Plastic Colorant Options 101: Liquid vs Pellet Color is a critical feature in consumer packaging that enables brands to create differentiation and recognizable identity on shelf. Major brands and their packaging supply partners are rethinking their colorant strategy. How do you find the right value-added color supplier? Most color suppliers have a fixed portfolio of either liquid colorants or traditional pellet colorants, thereby leaving processors confused about choosing the best colorant technology to accomplish their goals. Both technologies have advantages and disadvantages. Below, is a quick overview of both liquid and traditional pellet options followed by two case studies in which color- processing challenges were overcome using a new pelletized color technology solution. Liquid vs. Pellet: Liquid Colorant for manufacturing plastic products: Ad vantages: Challenges: - Effective at extremely low use rates - Specialized pumps are required - Suited for tints - Several pigment and additive limitations. - Good color distribution - Production interruptions caused by container - Less history than pellet concentrates changeover - Coloring cost can be lower than - Screw slippage at high use rates conventional pellet - Limited application with engineered polymers - Not suitable for extrusion blow molding of HDPE bottles - Increased housekeeping issues related to spill cleanup and storage of dedicated hoses - Limited shelf life due to product separation that ends up increasing costs and wasted color - Issues with sustainability due to wasted/residual -
Determination of Polymer Stabilizers
FLUORESCENCE APPLICATIONS ANALYSIS OF POLYMER STABILIZERS BY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY USING THE MODEL LS-50 WITH THE FRONT SURFACE ACCESSORY ABSTRACT Quantitative analysis of a polymer UV stabilizer has been carried out using the PerkinElmer Model LS-50 Luminescence Spectrometer (L225-0105) fitted with the front surface accessory (5212-3130). The relationship between fluorescence emission and stabilizer concentration was found to be linear over the range observed for both native and extruded polymer samples. INTRODUCTION Many polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride contain stabilizers to increase resistance to ultraviolet light-induced degradation. These additives can be relatively expensive, and the concentration required for effective UV stabilization can be quite critical. It is therefore desirable to monitor the concentration of the stabilizer in the parent polymer rather than relying on the calculation of the stabilizer dosing concentration based on the concentrations of the starting materials. This method allows for checking of homogeneity as well as the absolute concentration of the stabilizer. METHOD Polymer samples were supplied as native and extruded clear sheets. These were cut into 4 cm square sections and inserted into the front surface accessory using a piece of non-fluorescent card to keep the samples flat against the accessory window. Concentration of stabilizer was given as 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mole %. RESULTS Data was collected as emission spectra, 390 nm - 550 nm, excitation wavelength 370 nm, slits 10/10 nm, scan speed 120 nm/min. The built-in emission attenuator (4 %T) was selected to decrease the assay sensitivity, as the samples were initially too strong for the extremely sensitive LS-50. -
Materials Restricted for Use Revision: A15-00 ______
Dell Specification Document Number: 6T198 Title: Materials Restricted for Use Revision: A15-00 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ DELL CONTROLLED PRINT Materials Restricted for Use Document Number: 6T198 Revision: A15-00 Author: Albert Tsang Owner: Albert Tsang Approval Approval Authorities Signatures Revision Approval Date Scott O’Connell Scott O’Connell A15-00 08/19/2013 PROPRIETARY NOTE This item is the property of Dell Inc., Austin, Texas and contains confidential and trade secret information. This item may not be transferred from the custody of Dell Inc., except as authorized by Dell Inc. and then only by way of loan for limited purposes. It must not be reproduced in whole or in part and must be returned to Dell Inc. upon request and in all events upon completion of the purpose of the loan. Neither this item nor the information it contains may be used by or disclosed to persons not having a need for such use or disclosure consistent with the purpose to the loan without prior written consent of Dell Inc. Dell Specification Document Number: 6T198 Title: Materials Restricted for Use Revision: A15-00 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents 1. REVISION HISTORY ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ -
An Analysis of the Mechanisms and Efficacy of Three Liquid Chemical Soil Stabilizers
Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 1993-1 2. Government 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/TX-03/1993-1 (Volume 1) Accession No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date AN ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANISMS AND EFFICACY May 2003 OF THREE LIQUID CHEMICAL SOIL STABILIZERS: VOLUME 1 7. Author(s) 6. Performing Organization Code Alan F. Rauch, Lynn E. Katz, and Howard M. Liljestrand 8. Performing Organization Report No. 1993-1 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Transportation Research The University of Texas at Austin 11. Contract or Grant No. 3208 Red River, Suite 200 Research Project 7-1993 Austin, TX 78705-2650 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Research Report Research and Technology Implementation Office 14. Sponsoring Agency Code P.O. Box 5080 Austin, TX 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Project conducted in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. 16. Abstract Liquid chemical products are marketed by a number of companies for stabilizing pavement base and subgrade soils. If effective, these products could be used as alternatives for treating sulfate-rich soils, which are susceptible to excessive heaving when treated with traditional, calcium-based stabilizers like lime, cement, and fly ash. However, the chemical composition, stabilizing mechanisms, and performance of these liquid products are not well understood. The primary objective of this study was to investigate and identify the mechanisms by which clay soils are modified or altered by these liquid chemical agents. -
ABSTRACT KOLELL, HANNAH JOY. Hydrophobic
ABSTRACT KOLELL, HANNAH JOY. Hydrophobic Disperse and Polymeric Dyes for the Coloration of UHMWPE Medical Sutures. (Under the direction of Dr. Harold S. Freeman). Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has extremely beneficial properties, including being high strength at a relatively low weight. However, its high crystallinity and very hydrophobic nature make coloration from a dyebath difficult. Attempts at surface modification of the polymer to increase dyeability often adversely affect the desired high-performance properties. UHMWPE has applications in the medical field, including as sutures, and for surgical purposes coloration at sufficient visibility levels is of high importance. Currently, there is one FDA certified dye, D&C Violet 2, that has the ability to dye UHMWPE sutures. Thus, having additional dyes is of interest as long as the resulting color is not red. To achieve this goal, the present study pertained to the modification of various FDA certified dyes to make them suitable for dyeing PE sutures. Specifically, dyes such as C.I. Solvent Yellow 18 and C.I. Solvent Green 3 (D&C Green 6) were modified with C-4 to C-6 alkyl groups and after structure confirmation through HPLC, UV-Vis, NMR, and HR-MS, the resulting 6 dyes were tested for their ability to dye UHMWPE fibers. The dyeing study showed visibly darker fibers from the modified dye structures in comparison to the D&C Violet 2 prototype. Overall the C-4 substituted dyes showed darker coloration of the fibers and in general showed lower dye release levels during extractions, making them the preferred choices for PE sutures. -
Thin-Layer (Planar) Chromatography 2619
III / DYES / Thin-Layer (Planar) Chromatography 2619 Thin-Layer (Planar) Chromatography P. E. Wall, Merck Limited, Poole, Dorset, UK that dyes are easily visualized on a chromatographic Copyright ^ 2000 Academic Press layer by their colour. Often slight differences in hue are more clearly seen on the layer than in solution and hence are easily distinguishable. It is therefore rarely Introduction necessary to employ detection reagents unless the area of interest is dye intermediates which may lack Synthetic dyes comprise a large group of organic, the conjugation needed in their molecular structure to organic salt and organometallic compounds which be coloured in visible light. Of course, there are number in the thousands. Most individual dyes are a large number of dyes which either exhibit Suores- assigned colour index (CI) numbers which helps to cence quenching in short wavelength ultraviolet (UV) identify structure and properties as well as identity light (254 nm) or naturally Suoresce by excitation in where a series of names have been used by the manu- long wavelength UV light (usually 366 nm). Where facturers for the same dye. Pigments are also listed separated dyes on the chromatographic layer do Su- and can be either organic or inorganic in nature. The oresce, the limit of sensitivity of detection is often in value of planar chromatography in the identiRcation the low nanogram or high picogram level. In the of dyes and separation of impurities and their quan- commercial environment, as dye quality can vary tiRcation is the main subject of this article. Synthetic from batch to batch and colour can be matched by dyes will be split into nine groups, the Rrst three being using different dyes, the planar chromatographic the major ones. -
Additives for Polyolefins: Getting the Most out of Polypropylene
ADDITIVES FOR POLYOLEFINS PLASTICS DESIGN LIBRARY (PDL) PDL HANDBOOK SERIES Series Editor: Sina Ebnesajjad, PhD ([email protected]) President, FluoroConsultants Group, LLC Chadds Ford, PA, USA www.FluoroConsultants.com The PDL Handbook Series is aimed at a wide range of engineers and other professionals working in the plastics indus- try, and related sectors using plastics and adhesives. PDL is a series of data books, reference works, and practical guides covering plastics engineering, applications, proces- sing, and manufacturing, and applied aspects of polymer science, elastomers, and adhesives. Recent titles in the series Biopolymers: Processing and Products, Michael Niaounakis (ISBN: 9780323266987) Biopolymers: Reuse, Recycling, and Disposal, Michael Niaounakis (ISBN: 9781455731459) Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites, Marcio Loos (ISBN: 9781455731954) Extrusion, 2e, John Wagner and Eldridge Mount (ISBN: 9781437734812) Fluoroplastics, Volume 1, 2e, Sina Ebnesajjad (ISBN: 9781455731992) Handbook of Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics, Sina Ebnesajjad (ISBN: 9781455728343) Handbook of Molded Part Shrinkage and Warpage, Jerry Fischer (ISBN: 9781455725977) Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices, Kayvon Modjarrad and Sina Ebnesajjad (ISBN: 9780323228053) Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers, Jiri G. Drobny (ISBN: 9780323221368) Handbook of Thermoset Plastics, 2e, Hanna Dodiuk and Sidney Goodman (ISBN: 9781455731077) High Performance Polymers, 2e, Johannes Karl Fink (ISBN: 9780323312226) Introduction