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NATIVE ALTERNATIVES TO INVASIVE NON-NATIVE LANDSCAPE

SHRUBS/SMALL TREES NATIVE ALTERNATIVES Amur maple (Acer ginnala) American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana) Pagoda dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) Indian cherry (Rhamnus caroliniana) Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) Serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) Winged sumac (Rhus copallina) Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Burning bush (Euonymus alatus) Wahoo (Euonymus atropupureus) Strawberry bush (Euonymus americanus) Red buckeye (Aesculus pavia) Bush honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) Rusty blackhaw (Viburnum rufidulum) Roughleaf dogwood (Cornus drummondii) American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana) California privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium) Arrow wood (Viburnum dentatum) Wafer ash (Ptelea trifoliata) Prairie willow (Salix humilis) European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) Green hawthorn (Crataegus viridis) Gum bumelia (Bumelia lanuginosum) Wahoo (Euonymus atropupureus) Golden raintree (Koelreuteria paniculata) Fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus) Redbud (Cercis canadensis) Green hawthorn (Crataegus viridis) Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) Hazelnut (Corylus americana) Bladdernut (Staphylea trifoliata) Wild hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens) Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) Prairie rose (Rosa setigera) Alabama snow wreath (Neviusia alabamensis) Deciduous holly (Ilex decidua) Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) Princess tree (Paulownia tomentosa) Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) White mulberry (Morus alba)

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VINES INVASIVE SPECIES NATIVE ALTERNATIVES English ivy (Hedera helix) Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) Sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis) Golden ragwort (Senecio aureus) Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) Yellow honeysuckle (Lonicera flava) Carolina moonseed (Cocculus carolinus) Pale leather (Clematis versicolor) Japanese hops (Humulus japonicus) Pale leather flower (Clematis versicolor) Ladies eardrops (Brunnichia ovata) Climbing milkweed (Matelea decipiens) Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens) Supplejack (Berchemia scandens) Passion flower ( incarnata) Periwinkle (Vinca minor) Wild ginger (Asarum canadense) Buxbaum’s sedge (Carex buxbaumii) Roundleaf ragwort (Senecio obovatus) Wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei) Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) Bog sedge (Carex buxbaumii) Golden ragwort (Senecio aureus) Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Kudzu vine (Pueraria lobata)

BIENNIALS INVASIVE SPECIES NATIVE ALTERNATIVES Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) Golden ragwort (Senecio aureus) Wild geranium (Geranium maculatum) American beakgrass (Diarrhena obovata) Hedge parsley (Torilis arvensis) Wild ageratum (Eupatorium coelestinum) Palm sedge (Carex muskingumensis) Blue flag (Iris virginica) Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) Ashy sunflower (Helianthus mollis) Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans) Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) Rosin weed (Silphium terebinthinaceum) Spotted knapweed (Centaurea biebersteinii) Slender mountain mint (Pycnanthemum tenuifolium) Broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus) Pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida) Yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) White sweet clover (Melilotus alba) River oats (Chasmanthium latifolium) Greyhead coneflower (Ratibida pinnata) Common teasel ()

Cut-leaved teasel ()

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HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND GRASSES INVASIVE SPECIES NATIVE ALTERNATIVES Crown vetch (Coronilla varia) Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) ’s foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) Lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) Short’s sedge (Carex shortiana) Maiden grass (Miscanthus sinensis) Prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis) Fountain grass (Pennisetum spp.) Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi) Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) Common rush (Juncus effusus) Queen of the prairie (Filipendula rubra) Winged loosestrife (Lythrum alatum) Red clover (Trifolium pratense) Switch grass (Panicum virgatum) White clover (Trifolium repens) Eastern gama grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans) Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) Broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus) Switch grass (Panicum virgatum) Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis) Sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) Fringed sedge (Carex crinita) Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia) Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) Plume grass (Erianthus ravennae) Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) White and yellow sweet clover (Melitotus officinalis)

Information based on the Native Landscaping Manual, Chapter Three: Control & Identification of Invasive Plants. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/visit/family-of-attractions/shaw-nature- reserve/gardens-gardening-at-shaw-nature-reserve/native-landscaping-for-the-home-gardener/native- landscaping-manual.aspx, with additions from Shaw Nature Reserve staff.

Last updated 1/20/2015