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Oregon Agricultural College Experiment Station Harney Branch Station

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Oregon Agricultural College Experiment Station Harney Branch Station Station Bulletin No. 150 February, 1918 Oregon Agricultural College Experiment Station Harney Branch Station Dry Farming Investigations at the Harney Branch Station By L. R. BREITHAUPT, Superintendent BURNS, OREGON The regular bulletins of the Station are Sent free toresidents of the state who recluest them STATION STAFF BoardofRegOnts oftheOregon Agricultural College and ExperIment Station HON. J. K. WEATHERFORD, President Albany HON. N. R. MOORE, Secretary . Corvallis HON. C. L. HAWLEY Treasurer McCoy HON. JEFFERSON MYERS Portland I-ION. JAMES WITHYCOMBE, Governor of the State Salem HON. J. A. CHURCHILL, State Superintendent of Public Instruction----Salem HON. BEN W. OLCOTT, Secretary of State ... Salem HON. CHARLES E. SPENCE, Master of the State Grange - Oregon City HON. CLARA H. WALDO - Portland HON. WALTER M. PIERCE La Grande HON. M.S. WOODCOCK ...Corvallis HON. H. VON DER HELLEN - Wellen HON. G.M. CORNWALL Portland Administration W. J. KERR. D. Sc President A. B. CORDLEY, D. Sc. Director MAY WORKINGER Secretary to Director DepartmentofAnimalHusbandry E. L. POTTER. B.S. Chief in Animal Husbandry E. J. FJELSTED, B. S - Assistant Professor in Animal Husbandry 0. H. NELSON, B.S. Assistant in Animal Husbandry Department of Bacteriology T. D. BECKWITH, M. Chief in Bacteriology Department ofBotany and Plant Pathology H. P. BARSS, H. S. Chief in Botany and Plant Pathology M. B. McKAY, H. S. - Research Assistant in Botany and Plant Pathology W. M. ATWOOD, Ph. D Associate Professor in Botany and Plant Pathology W. E. LAWRENCE, B. S.Assistant Professor in Botany and Plant Pathology C. E. OWENS, M. A. ssistant Professor in Botany and Plant Pathology Department AgriculturalChemistry H. V. TARTAR, B. S of Chief in Agricultural Chemistry R. H. ROBINSON, B. S - Research Assistant in Agricultural Chemistry H. G. MILLER, B, S Research Assistant in Agricultural Chemiotry N. E. BULLIS, B. S. - Research Assistant in Agricultural Chemistry P. M. BRANDT, A. H Department ofDairy H usbandryChief in Dairy Husbandry D. CHAPPELL. M. S .. Assistant Professor in Dairy Husbandry P. S. LUCAS, B. S. Assistant in Dairy Manufacturing L. W. WING, A. M. Assistant in Dairy Production Department ofDomesticScience IERNE AHERN Research Assistant in Domestic Science Department of Drainage andIrrigation L. POWERS, H. S. Chief in Drainage and Irrigation Department of Entomology A. L. LOVETT, B. S Chief in Entomology W. J. CHAMBERLIN, B. S . - Research Assistant in Entomology F.A. LATHROP, H. S . Research Assistant in Entomology LEROY CHILDS, B. S........Entomologist, Acting Superintendent, Hood River Department of Farm Crops G. R. HYSLOP, B.5. Chief in Farm Crops H. A. SCHOTH, M. S. Expert in Vetch Investigations B. F. SHEEHAN, M. 5. Assistant Professor in Farm Crops Department of Horticulture C. I. LEWIS, M. S. A - Vice-Director, and Chief in Horticulture V. R. GARDNER, M. S. ... Pomologist E. J. KRAUS, Ph. D. Professor in Horticultural Research A. G. BOUQUET, B.S.., . Professor in Olericulture L. S. LINGLE, A. B. - . - Assistant Professor of Horticultural Products A. F. BARSS. H. S. Research Assistant in Horticulture G. BROWN, B. S Research Assistant in Horticulture, Hood River Departmentof Paultry Husbandry JAMES DRYDEN ChiefinPoultry Husbandry DepartmentofSoils and Farm Management D. SCUDDER, B. S - Chief In Soils and Farm Management C. V. RUZEK, B. S Associate Professor inSoils Department of VeterInary Medicine B. T. SIMMS, U. V. M. Chief in Veterinary Medicine ROBERT WITHYCOMBE, B. S., Supt. Eastern Oregon Br. Exp. Station, Union D. E. STEPHENS. M. S. Supt. Sherman Co. Dry-Farm Br. Exp. Station, Moro R. W. ALLEN, M. S. Supt. Umatilla Branch Exp. Station, Hermiston F. C. REIMER, M. S.....Supt. Southern Oregon Branch Exp. Station, Talent L. R. BREITHAUPT, B S Supt. Harney Co. Branch Exp. Station, Burns A. E. ENGBRETSON, B. S.....Act Supt. John Jacob Astor Br. Exp. Sta., Astoria On leave of absence. CONTENTS Page. Station staff 2 Introduction 5 Climatic c1ata 5 Precipitation 5 Evaporation S Temperature 8 Wind 10 Experimental work 13 Cereal crops 13 Wheat 13 Winter wheat 15 Varietaltests 15 Spring planting of 15 Spring wheat 16 Varietal tests 16 Rates of seeding 19 Dates of seeding 19 Comparison of winter and spring 20 Barley 20 Winter barley 20 Spring planting of 20 Spring barley 20 Varietal tests 21 Rates of seeding 22 Dates of seeding 22 Oats 22 Winter oats 22 Spring oats 23 Varietal tests 23 Rates of seeding 24 Dates of seeding 25 Rye 25 Winter rye 25 Varietal test 25 Spring sowing of 26 Spring rye 27 Varietal test 27 Rates and dates of seeding 27 Comparison of winter and spring rye 28 Emmer 28 Winter emmer 28 Spring emmer 28 Spelt 28 Flax 29 Varietal tests 29 Rates of seeding 30 Dates of seeding 30 Other cereals 31 Corn 31 Grain sorghums 31 Millets 31 Buckwheat 31 CONTENTSContinued. Page. Forage and seed crops 32 Leguminous forage and seed crops 32 Alfalfa 32 Varietal tests 32 Seed production 33 Spacing experiment 34 Hay production 35 Pasturing experiments 35 Inoculation 35 Field peas 35 Varietal tests 36 Feeding experiments 36 Inoculation 37 Sweet clover 37 Other legumes 37 Other forage and seed crops 37 Rape 38 Grasses 38 Sudan grass 3$ Sunflower 38 Oil seed plants 3$ Root crops 3$ Potatoes 3$ Other root crops 39 Comparative yields and acre values of crops 39 Rotation experiments -10 rjillage experiments 42 Experiments with "slick Spots" -12 Home improvement experiments 43 ilusli fruits 43 Tree fruits 43 Shrubs 44 Shade trees 45 Lawn 45 Service 45 Experimental results available 45 Pure seed available 46 DRY FARMING INVESTIGATIONS AT THE HARNEY BRANCH STATION BURNS, OREGON L. R. BREITHATJPT Superintendent INTRODUCTION The Harney Branch Station is maintained jointly by the State of Oregon, through the Oregon Agricultural College and Experiment Station.and the United States, through the F. S. Department of Agriculture, Officeof Cereal Investigations,History of the Branch Station and descriptive matter pertaining to soil, buildings, equipment, extent, and nature of the region served, etc., is given in former publications.* The work of the Branch Station has been planned and conductedon two general lines (1) Experimental, (2) Service.In the first instance, the object sought is the determination of the crops whichare practicable on dry land in Central Oregon ;the isolation, hy extensive varietal tests, of the best varieties of the best cropsimprovement of the best varieties ipossi- ble; and the cletermiiiation of the hest methods of productionthrough date- of-seeding and rate-of-seeding tests and experiments in soil tillage methods and crop rotations.In the second instance, service is rendered (1) by making known the results of these experiments through publications, direct correspondence in i'eply to inquiry, to visitors at the Branch Station and through the various agencies which now exist for thepurpose of carrying the results of Such work to the people it concerns.(2) By the increase of pure seed of the best and highest-yielding varieties of adapted crops and the distribution of the seed throughout Central Oregon by sale of it in moderate quantitios to good rarmers who grow' it for seed for themselves and their neighbors. Valuable assistanceantihelpful suggestions by members of the Oregon Experiment Stationstaff and the Office of Cereal Investigations have been given bothinrelationtothe experimental work reported here andinthe preparation of this manuscript.For this the author wishes to give full credit. Special acknowledgment is given Prof.I-I,D. Scudder for outlining the tillage and rotation experiments and other help givento Prof. Geo. R. M. A. Carleton and Mr. C. R. Ball for valuable suggestions given1-lyslop, Mr. occasions. on numerous CLIMATIC DATA Records of precipitation, temperature, evaporation, and wind velocity have been kept at the Branch Station since October, 1913.Previous 10 that time, records of precipitation and temperature had been kept at Burns, six miles vest of the Station. A careful analysis of climatic factors is essential to the most successful crop production.It is easier to fit practice to climate than climate to practice. PRECIPITATION The average annual precipitation recorded at Burns for the years 1904 to 1913, inclusive, is 12.62 inches.This is somewhat higher than w'ould Bulletin No. 119, Oregon Experiment Station. Report of the Barney Branch Station 1912-14. Farmers' Bulletin No. 800, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 6 DRY FARMING INVESTIGATIONS have been obtained at the location of the Branch Station as indicated by comparative rainfall records since that time at the two points.Since 1913, the annual precipitation both at Burns and at the Branch Station, has been very much lower than this figure. The five-year average yields as reported in this bulletin were produced on an average precipitation little more than eight inches per annum. This is a rather small amount of moisture for successful farming and probably less, in view of previous records at Burns, than average for the locality. The importance of good tfllage, however, and the use of early-maturing and drought-resisting varieties is obvious. Low precipitation in the fall is a chief limiting factor in the production of winter grain. L 1 FIG. 1.FARMERS' DAY: INSPECTION OF PLOTS; BIG BASKlT DIN- NER: STUNTS AND PROGRAM. TABLE 1.PRECIPITATION AT THE BRANCH STATION BY MONTHS, YEARS, CROP SEASONS (SEPTEMBER 1 TO AUGUST 31) AND GROWING SEASONS (MAY TO AUGUST) FOR THE YEARS 1913 TO 1917, INCLUSIVE. Crop Growiflg Year Tan. Feb. March April May lane Tuly August Sept. Oct. Eon. pee. pnual 2.05 13.82 12.53 9.36 1913 i 1.55 .18 .86 .99 .25 2.93 1.99 .11 .15 1.63 1.08 1914 1.41 .59 .06 1.42 1.51 1.33 .11 .00 .34 1.39 .12 .36 8.64 11.40 2.95 .39 7.50 2.15 1915 I .84 .73 I .57 I .75 1.52 .30 .30 .03 .04 .03 1.76 6.66 .72 .98 .84 .31 .13 .00 .25 .38 7.19 8.08 2.87 1916 .80 1.90 .35 .81 i 1917 .63 1.22 .58 .38 .80 .33 .19 .04 .89 .00 1.15 .62 7.03 4.95 1.36 Z CD 1.18 .69 .12 .31 .61 .79 .76 8.67 8.88 2.98 Z Average....
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