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Reference Atlas ...A1

Reference Atlas ...A1

REFERENCE ATLAS

United States: Political A2

United States: Physical A4

United States: Territorial Growth A6

Middle America: Physical/Political A8

Canada: Physical/Political A10

Middle East: Physical/Political A12

World: Political A14

Europe: Political A16

United States: 2000 Congressional Reapportionment A18

ATLAS KEY

T Ice cap u E n v d r e a r g r M e e i x n M e f d o o r

u f e o s t n r

t e G s a t i r n a s s s l a n d

Desert SYMBOL KEY

Canal Depression Below level Lava Claimed boundary Elevation Dry salt lake Sand International boundary National capital Lake Swamp Towns Rivers

Reference Atlas A1 12345678 ° RUSSIA ° 70 ° ° ° 50 60180 170 W °N 160 W 150 W 140 W ° ° t N N rai A St Point Barrow ing St. Lawrence er 170°E Island B Seward B r Peninsula o Norton o k Sound s R Beaufort a on n A Yuk ge Sea l Nunivak e 40 u Island ° t N B i a ALASKA n Fairbanks I s l a l a s k a R a n A n g d s Bristol e Bay Ala Anchorage ska Peninsula

Kodiak I. C

180° P

A Juneau

A

r

c l

e h a x i

p a

n e

l d a e g r D o

c

i C E ° 170 W f 30 °N

Tacoma Seattle i Olympia e Spokane g WASH. n Portland a R M F R Hele Salem e O e k Butte c a d n Eugene S a C c s a Boise C

C Great A W Salt Lake

L Reno G Salt Lake O Sacramento Carson City City I S San Francisco F ie NEVADA UTAH r r O a

N e R Las c v a d Vegas N a 20° N Honolulu I ARIZONA Sa Los Angeles A H HAWAII e Phoenix 160° T San Diego W RO Hilo PI C O Tucson F C AN CE R a

M J n

10°N K ° 150 W 140°W 130°W 120°W 110°W 12345678

A2 Reference Atlas 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0°W 130°W 120°W 110°W 100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W °N 30°W N GREENLAND 70 ° c (KALAALLIT NUNAAT) 60 20°W A n Den. N

B

UNITED 30°W

ARCTIC CIRCLE °N STATES 50 POLITICAL C 0 mi 600

0 km 600 OBLIQUE AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

40° W D

CANADA E

40°N

MAINE NORTH uper ke S ior Augusta R DAKOTA a . M MINNESOTA L Montpelier S ° Helena is M Portland 50 W F O s Bismarck I La n e o C ke NEW T Concord, N.H. u H H VT. Billings r I u Lake YORK i n G MASS. C r M Boston, Minneapolis St. Paul a A o OntarioAlbany g n a i N Providence, R.I. SOUTH WISCONSIN K Pierre h t c oi Buffalo Hartford, CONN. Milwaukee i Lansing tr e e ri N DAKOTA M D E d e

lan PA. City Madison . e

Y Casper . lev L L C Sioux City Toledo Harrisburg A Trenton, N.J. IOWA Chicago Pittsburgh c Des Moines IND. I Philadelphia Cheyenne NEBRASKA OHIO Baltimore Dover, DEL. M ILLINOIS Omaha Columbus H Lincoln Indianapolis Annapolis, MD. O G Dayton W. VA. D.C. C , O Denver Springfield AH Kansas City Cincinnati Charleston Richmond Topeka MISSOURI Frankfort A °N M St. Louis VIRGINIA Virginia Beach U y L c 30 it i Louisville KANSAS on C s Jeffers s KENTUCKY A i A Raleigh s Is. N i r s k i NORTH CAROLINA U.K.

a p Nashville P n p s Charlotte

i TENNESSEE P t T a Tulsa NA Santa Fe s SOUTH Oklahoma City ARKANSAS Memphis A Columbia Albuquerque CAROLINA A OKLAHOMA Little Rock Atlanta n H NEW Birmingham GEORGIA Charleston I MISS. ALABAMA Savannah a Fort L Montgomery N O Worth Dallas U Jackson l I El Paso SI Jacksonville S TEXAS A Tallahassee NA F t Baton Rouge L O A Austin New Orleans R M San Antonio Houston I R Tampa D B i o A A G J r H a E n Miami A d °N e M 20 Gulf of a A id & BARBUDA X or S Mexico Fl ST. KITTS s of Strait & I CUBA 60°W C San Juan DOMINICAN HAITI REPUBLIC PUERTO O RICO K U.S. DOMINICA 0°W 100 °W 90°W Sea 80°W JAMAICA 70°W 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Reference Atlas A3 12345678 130° 125° 50° 115° 110° 105° 100° W W 120°W N W W W W A Cape Flattery Mt. Olympus E C Seattle G

7,965 ft R 45 C N A °N 2,428 m C N

A O B i

t O L O R t Missour e i

C U ol umb r G ia . r t s o B E M

A M o e Clearwater t C D B u l R B Mts. R

I a A S A n b A s g a B C e K r Salmon o i g P k h

Great Sandy E T S River a o L S R r Desert n Mts. n M ° A a a 130 W A n k Y M Black e g

C T W e Hills 40° C in t N E d s A Plain . M

R Cape Mendocino A i i Shoshone ve L ss R U r a ou S Falls R r ri I a a N m T E n . g P R e i e e la Great Salt g tt A R M e n M C Lake Sand Hills A a s e R t n N s

Lake GREAT . h Uinta Mts. D t n Pacific N E c r Tahoe t Pla te V t a a s San Francisco A BASIN O i l a D V W Denver G A a a Ocean 14,433 ft P l Mt. Elbert l o 4,399 m 35° e Mt. Whitney d U l N y ra S E 14,494 ft o a ol Lake C n P S L A 4,418 m g rk Powell a an r sa n e s E Death Valley Lake

S N -282 ft, -86 m Mead J d Fl u e a h Hi Mojave n C Point Conception Grand A Colorado r M Desert i Canyon s g Plateau t t o Los Angeles s T . M i Channel o d I a t r s Islands . o Salton l H o S

A

e F a O San Diego C Phoenix Sea d c R n N ed a r Llano Sonoran r a 30° G m N Desert Estacado o e i

n I R t Dallas o S B ° ° r 125 W 120 W a M z ° o 115 W t s Point Barrow s N . G 68°N Beaufort 180° Edwards Sea North Sl o S pe °N Plateau RUSSIA Broo 68 ks Range g AR CTI in it C CIR r a CLE R e r i t o B S Seward CANADA G ALASKA r Pen. a O n n o d H St. Lawrence k T e u ana Island Y im n w a ok a Rang ° k k e 110 W ° s as 172 W u l A Mt. McKinley (Denali) C 60 K °N 20,320 ft, 6,194 m 60°N Nunivak Anchorage Island 25°N J Bering Gulf of Sea Bristol A A la Alaska r Bay su c l e MEXICO in h x en a TROPIC OF C a P Kodiak I. i p n ANCER ask e d Al l a e g r o ALASKA Pacific 52°N 0 mi 300 52°N K 0 km 300 Ocean 164°W 156°W 148°W 140°W 132°W 105°W 100°W 12345678

A4 Reference Atlas 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 95°W 90°W 85°W 80°W °N 70°W 65°W N 50 75°W A A

D °N Lake of A 45 the Woods Isle Royale S Sup Lake erior B N

G

Lake r e I Gulf of insula Champlain e r Pen L n White pe a Maine Up k Adirondack M A Mts. e t Mts. s C

H rio T. o n L ta n u n n Minneapolis a o O Boston r e e M g w o k c i i a NH t Cape Cod s e n L i c C s h r Niagara u ° i u N s d c 40 s P t i i e Falls U s p n o p u n M e

i Milwaukee i i

n Detroit r

e s E a O u e Long Island k l ak

a a e New York City L Chicago L Cleveland t M

a . Philadelphia 65°W Pittsburgh CENTRAL l s ore im t N alt D P B Delaware Bay ATLaNTIC LOWLAND M Washington A C Indianapolis h n y I e N O n e s hio a a OCEaN e g p i h H e St. Louis h d a °N s h g i k 35 a C e b e R t a c l B l a W A y a e I E Flint au A u n te l u L l Hills a a ea B Cape Hatteras l t o P C d a A k umberlan p l

r T P Mt. Mitchell

a e p d P m A z n 6,684 ft

n n O A a Boston Mts. e l P 2,037 m d s r Memphis se e e b A e S Ouachita Mts. m a L F u Atlanta i va n

i C n a p B P h p °N i l 30

s P

s a

i s c

as s k i B e l t z M o s R L ed A Jacksonville G T UNITED S A New Orleans STATES Cape Canaveral Houston Mississippi PHYSICAL River Delta 0 mi 300 O Lake Okeechobee 0 km 300 H The ALBERS CONIC EQUAL-AREA PROJECTION 70°W Everglades Miami

a id 90°W ys or da Ke Fl Flori of 159°W 156°W its Kauai tra S NCER J Niihau OF CA Oahu TROPIC Honolulu Molokai Maui ° Lanai 21 N Kahoolawe CUBA 20°N Pacific Hawaii Mauna Kea Ocean 13,796 ft PRINCIPAL HAWAIIAN 4,205 m ISLANDS K 0 mi 100 0 km 100 ° 95°W 85 W 80°W 75°W 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Reference Atlas A5 12345678 A New Nation, 1787 E Claimed by U.S. A and Great Britain BRITISH

Claimed by U.S. and Claimed by N.H. and N.Y. Part of Mass. Great Britain N O M R NEW HAMPSHIRE is T Awarded to Pa. si Ce H Ceded by ss d W from Conn. 1782 B ip ed Mass. to N.Y. MASSACHUSETTS M p b E i y S i V T 1786 s Ceded by Mass. a RHODE ISLAND s . T ou to E CONNECTICUT ri to U.S. 1785 U R .S R New York City . 1 IT (1787-1790) 78 O 4 R Y PA. NEW JERSEY Ceded by Conn. to MD. SPANISH U.S. 1786 & 1800 DELAWARE

h SPANISH s Oh UNITED a io

LOUISIANA b C a VIRGINIA Arkansa W s Ceded by New York ALTA NORTH to U.S. 1782 Claimed by VirginiaSTATES CALIFORNIA

NORTH CAROLINA o

d Claimed by North Carolina

a

r o l o AMERICA C C lai SOUTH CAROLINA G Ceded by S.C. med ila by to Ga. 1787 Ge or Original 13 states gia D GEORGIA Land still claimed R Claimed by Ga., by states 1787 io Spain and U.S. G U.S. territory r a SPANI WESTERN n SH British territory BAJA d F INTERIOR e L CALIFORNIA O Spanish territory R PROVINCES I D Disputed boundary EASTERN A INTERIOR E PROVINCES

Coming of Age, 1821 Claimed by U.S. and Great Britain mbia F u U.S.-Br l itish treaty o line of 1818

C RED RIVER BASIN To U.S. MAINE 1818 OREGON COUNTRY 1820 U.S.-British agreement to joint occupation in 1818 M i S s MICHIGAN si na ss ke ip TERRITORY pi G Adam s-On UNORGANIZED is Trea M ty li i ne of s 1819 s o u TERRITORY r i INDIANA 1816 Washington ILLINOIS O

h h io

1818 s a

b Ar MISSOURI a ALTA kansas H CALIFORNIA 1821 W M

o

d E

a

r o l X ARKANSAS TERRITORY o R UNITEDC I ed Gila C O MISSISSIPPI ALABAMA STATES 1817

J R 1819 io G r TEXAS TERRITORIAL a n R BAJA d e 1812 CALIFORNIA GROWTH FLORIDA To U.S. 1819

K

12345678

A6 Reference Atlas 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Expanding West of the Mississippi, 1803 Claimed by U.S. and Great Britain A BRITISH NORTH AMERICA

OREGON COUNTRY Claimed by Claimed by Great Britain, U.S. and Russia, Spain, and United States Great VERMONT Britain 1791 M is sis si pp B i INDIANA Mi sso u r i Philadelphia TERRITORY (1790-1800) LOUISIANA PURCHASE OHIO Purchased by U.S. in 1803 Washington 1803 h (new capital 1800) from France s Oh

a io b

NEW SPAIN a

W C Arkansa (SPANISH MEXICO) s KENTUCKY 1792 TENNESSEE 1796

R ed Ceded by Georgia to U.S. 1802 States previously D R MISSISSIPPI in the Union io Claimed by U.S. TERR. G and Spain r States newly admitted a AN n SP ISH FL BAJA d OR e ID CALIFORNIA A Claimed by U.S. and Spain

E

Coast to Coast, 1850 and beyond

T reaty BRITISH NORTH AMERICA line of 184 F 6 Treaty line of 1842 Treaty line of 1842 WASHINGTON 1889 MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA MINNESOTA 1889 1889 1858 M Added to U.S. in 1846 IC MINNESOTA H 1 8 IG OREGON S TERRITORY 3 n WISCONSIN 7 A 1859 a IDAHO N ke SOUTH DAKOTA 1890 1848 WYOMING 1889 G 1890 M is s IOWA NEVADA UNORGANIZED o NEBRASKA u 1864 r 1846 i 1867 TERRITORY UTAH TERRITORY Washington

h s Oh W. VA.

a io COLORADO b UTAH 1863 CALIFORNIA 1876 KANSAS a 1896 Ark W ansas 1861 1850 H ARIZONA

o

d 1912

a r OKLAHOMA o NEW MEXICO l ARKANSAS o TERRITORY R 1907 C a ed Gil 1836 i

NEW MEXICO p

GADSDEN p i

PURCHASE 1912 s s

To U.S. 1853 i s s R i J io G TEXAS M r a 1845 RUSSIA n d e States admitted after 1850 ALASKA FLORIDA 1959 1845 Purchased by U.S. 1867 MEXICO HAWAII 1959 K Annexed by U.S. 1898

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Reference Atlas A7 12345678 110°W 100°W 90°W A

Tijuana

icali Mex UNITED STATES N Sonoran Desert 30°N B B G a Ciudad u Juarez BAJA j a l CALIFORNIA f SONORA

C o a f CHIHUAHUA Rio l G S ra C n i i d Chihuahua e f a e C COAHUILA o l r S i r r f a M i BAJA n o e Nuevo CALIFORNIA r M i r Laredo SUR a n SINALOA a r i d DURANGO a a r Monterrey e La Paz E M NUEVO Matamoros O Gulf of Mexico D LEON c a c ZACATECAS d i d False Cape Mazatlan r AULIPAS e X SAN e n

t LUIS TAM a O 20° l POTOSI Cozumel N NAYARIT r Ciudad Madero I San Luis i Tampico Island AGUASCALIENTES e QUERETARO E Potosi n Guadalajara Leon YUCATAN t Merida JALISCO a Yucatan Revillagigedo Islands CHIDALGO l TLAXCALA Mex. GUANAJUATO Peninsula Mexico City Orizaba Bay of COLIMA E 18,855 ft H 5,747 m C MICHOACAN Popocatepetl E 17,802 ft O Veracruz P M DISTRITO FEDERAL Si 5,426 m PUEBLA A er C QUINTANA ROO ra Belize M Isthmus of F MEXICO ad City GUERREROre Belmopan de Tehuantepec l Su MORELOS Acapulco r OAXACA CHIAPAS BELIZE Gulf of Si Honduras er ra Gulf of M A Tehuantepec ad L HON D r e A M E T a Tegucigalpa al G A m U te R G a O r Gu D o A ad NI LV alv A S Leon S an 10°N EL S MIDDLE CENTRAL H AMERICA PHYSICAL/POLITICAL AMERICA 0 mi 400

0 km 400 AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION Pacific J

Cocos Island Ocean C.R.

K 0° 110°W 100°W 90°W 12345678

A8 Reference Atlas 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 80°W 70°W 60°W 30°N A

B C B R NCE CA OF A PIC Freeport TRO H °N A 20 Nassau M a d ri A lo F Andros S of D its Island Turks & Stra Caicos Islands ST. KITTS & NEVIS U.K. W Havana D I E S N CUBA T I ANTIGUA & Camaguey BARBUDA ntiago San Juan Virgin Holguin Sa Islands E Isle of ispaniola Santo U.S. & U.K. L You Santiago H e th G HAITI Domingo Puerto Guadeloupe E Cayman de Cuba Rico Fr. s r Port-au- DOMINICAN U.S. s Islands e REPUBLIC DOMINICA e U.K. Prince S a r Montego t s Bird I. Martinique Venez. Bay e e Fr. r A n t i l l A JAMAICA Kingston ST. LUCIA n

t BARBADOS

ST. VINCENT & i

THE GRENADINES l C l a e F r i GRENADA b b e a n S e a s f Tobago as Neth. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO ao Port-of-Spain rac naire °N u Bo s 10 t Aruba C l l e Trinidad N DURAS s Neth. n t i a A co s s e r ° Co o L e 60 W

C

o

t G

i

u

NICARAGUA q s

on Managua o M Lake L Nicaragua COSTA Puerto Limon anam Gulf of f P a H San Jose Mosquitos o A RICA us Panama Isthm PANAMA David SOUTH

J

nd AMERICA 0°

TOR EQUA K 80°W 70°W 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Reference Atlas A9 12345678 80 ° ° ° ° 60 70 170 W 160 W 150 W N N ° N RUSSIA ° A N ARCTIC OCEaN Queen 130°W 120°W North Magnetic Pole Elizabeth

B ° A Prince 170 W R C Patrick I. Islands T IC C IR C Melville L Bathurst E Beaufort Island Island De ALASKA Sea Banks U.S. Island C Somerset Island Prince of Inuvik Wales I. ° 160 W Victoria M Boothia YUKON a Island Peninsula c

k D M e a TERRITORY c n k Mt. Logan e Yukon n z Great 19,551 ft z i i 5,959 m e Bear Lake Plateau e NUNA M

C NORTHWEST Whitehorse t C

s

o .

TERRITORIES E a Virginia Falls A

s Yellowknife 150°W R N t Great 50 O Slave Lake °N C A M S l a

K v

e

F o e Y Peac D

u Lake Queen BRITISH Athabasca M I Churchill Charlotte n l il ALBERTA h Islands COLUMBIA rc t O a A u Fraser sc h C a G Prince George b a U Plateau a on C h s R el N t

G r N A i e o

s N E PaCIFIC a l r u n Edmonton F A m T MANITOBA SASKATCHEWAN T s b A tchewan Vancouver i ska a a S Island I P Lake M Saskatoon Winnipeg Vancouver N Calgary L Lake t

OCEaN s Victoria A Winnipegosis ° H 140 W . S

I

N Regina S Winnipeg Lake of 40°N the Woods

J

UNITED STATES

K 130°W 120°W 110°W 100°W 12345678

A10 Reference Atlas 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

N N ° ° ° ° N °N 40°W 30 W 20 W ° 10 W 80 70 60 A 50°W 10° n W ° Ellesmere 60 W ICELAND 70°W h Island GREENLAND (KALAALLIT NUNAAT) Den. B s

° Baffin 20 W Devon Island Bay et C d

B D a a ia f v CANADA f i ula i s PHYSICAL/POLITICAL n S t r D Melville I a 0 mi 400 ° s i t 30 W Peninsula Foxe l a 0 km 400 Basin n A VUT d AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

Iqaluit Southampton E Island Labrador H u d s o n S t r a i t N Sea 50°

Ungava Bay N F E Hudson A W 40°W N F D O Cartwright Bay L U Schefferville Happy Valley- A N Belcher Goose Bay B D Smallwood R Island of Islands Reservoir Churchill Falls L G A A D N J O a QUEBEC D m St. John's e Manicouagan R Avalon s Reservoir Anticosti I. Peninsula B Sept-Iles a

y Gulf of St.-P ierre D Gaspe St. Lawrence & Mique H S Fr. lon L Pen. PRINCE H I E EDWARD ONTARIO ISLAND Cape Breton I. Chicoutimi Charlottetown Lake NEW NOVA °N Nipigon BRUNSWICK ATLaNTIC 40 Rouyn-Noranda SCOTIA Thunder Quebec ce Fredericton n y Bay re d Halifax Lake w Saint John n a u F Superior L t. f o J S y Sudbury a Ottawa B OCEaN 50°W Lake n a Huron g i h c i Toronto L. Ontario

M

e Niagara Falls

k

a London

L K L. Erie 70°W 90°W 80°W 60°W 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Reference Atlas A11 12345678

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K 0 mi 100 0 km 100

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A12 Reference Atlas 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J 0 mi 500

0 km 500 AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

K

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Reference Atlas A13 12345678

150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 0° A A R C T I C ds eth Islan Elizab Queen

Chukchi GREENLAND a (KALAALLIT NUNAAT) e Sea Beaufort S Sea Baffin Den. d RUSSIA n M Bay la Yukon a n c e k Baffin e g ALASKA e Great r e n Bear Lake Island w U.S. z G r

60° i S B N e o

Anchorage ARCTIC CIRCLE Bering Great Nuuk N Sea Gulf of Slave Lake Reykjavík Alaska ICELAND s n Island Hudson Osl Aleutia Bay CANADA Labrador UNITED Sea KINGDOM DENM Vancouver Calgary Dublin NETH G Seattle re IRELAND GE at BELG issouri L Island of n M a do k n Pa e Newfoundland Lo C s NORTH Toronto Ottawa SWIT Chicago FRAN New York City Ma San Francisco UNITED STATES drid R io Oh Washington, D.C. PORTUGAL NORTH Azores M i SPAIN PaCIFIC Los Angeles p Port. ° ip 30 N s is Atlanta Al H s ou s R st i Madeira Is. Rabat i on TUN o M ATLaNTIC Port. MOROCCO A OCEaN G L ra B TRO n A Canary Is. G PIC OF C d Gulf of H P. D ANCER e A E Sp. E Mexico M R o R N g A in WESTERN I MEXICO A S OCEaN Hawaiian IC m .S. Havana o U SAHARA A N D CO I Islands I RI Morocco Guadalajara CUBA M to O N U.S. BELIZE O n T A D a R T Mexico City HAITI UE ST. KITTS & NEVIS I S P CAPE R JAMAICA ANTIGUA & BARBUDA U GUATEMALA VERDE A DOMINICA M I HONDURAS L Guatemala ST. LUCIA BARBADOS SENEGAL A N EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA GRENADA ST. VINCENT & GAMBIA M THE GRENADINES GUINEA- GUINEA TOG

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO N

COSTA RICA BISSAU I N Caracas A E N BURKINA FASO E E N PANAMA O E VENEZUELA T R FRENCH E A ˆ B G N I L O O S E H U GUIANA L Medellin A A O Bogota U R I C R G E V Y Fr. SI R I R E ' A IB I COLOMBIA N L D E Christmas Island N A GUIN EQUATOR A

Ne M ° Quito gr 0 o E Galapagos ECUADOR Manaus SAO Islands on & P Amaz Ecua. CA a PERU ir U e d Recife c a Marquesas a BRAZILco y M is L F a c Islands l i n Lima a Salvador Fr. r F (Bahia) o SAMOA Brasilia a La Paz S AMERICAN BOLIVIA SAMOA Sucre SOUTH U.S. FRENCH Rio de Fr. PARAGUAY Janeiro W TONGA PRICORN Sao Paulo TROPIC OF CA Asuncion ATLaNTIC Ts

a G n

a r Porto Alegre Cordoba a

P Santiago URUGUAY OCEaN Ca Buenos Montevideo 30°S CHILE Aires SOUTH ARGENTINA

H PaCIFIC Chatham Is. U.K. N.Z. OCEaN Tierra del Fuego South The A n gella Georgia it th of Ma Strait ge U.K. th a PRIME MERIDIAN (MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH) WORLD ss a P POLITICAL ke ra D 0 mi 2000 Antarctic J E °S TIC CIRCL Peninsula 60 ANTARC 0 km 2000 Weddell WINKEL TRIPEL PROJECTION Sea

Berkner Ross Island Sea A K

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A14 Reference Atlas 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0° 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E O C E a N A Franz Josef Severnaya Land New Siberian Zemlya Islands East

a Barents Kara Siberian Sea e Sea Svalbard Sea Nor. Novaya Zemlya n ia g L e Y F e w a Y na r e A I e ° o S N ni 60 N W se B E N L O y Yak utsk Bering R N A b Sea k O E N Sea of Kamchatka D D N RUSSIA Peninsula Oslo E Okhotsk

W O a b S EST. St. Petersburg ED e Volga Yekaterinburg A S LATVIA Novosibirsk Lake m Sakhalin OM DENMARK ic LITH. Omsk u alt Moscow Baikal r NETH. B Samara Ir BELARUS Ural ty POLAND sh GERMANY Astana BELG. Kyiv (Kiev) Ulaanbaatar on CZECH KAZAKHSTAN Harbin REP. SLO UKRAINE MONGOLIA NORTH Hokkaido Paris VAK AUST.HUNG. IA MOLD. KOREA Sapporo C SWITZ. C SLOV. ROMANIA AZERBAIJAN a Ta Shenyang s s Almaty

CROAT. h e Honshu p U k FRANCE . Z SERB. i B e

H

a E n ) ITALY H K BULGARIA n I t Beijing P′y˘ongyang g & GEORGIA T Bishkek w . U ST n KOS. S RK A o JAPAN Rome B ARMENIA KYRGYZSTAN l e M N a A l I MA a E Tianjin Seoul MONT. C N u e N ED. IS Tokyo A Ankara T TAJIKISTAN Y SOUTH NORTH A H Me B ( AIN dit AL GREECE N KOREA er TURKEY Ashkhabad Dush Osaka ra anbe CHINA ° n Tehran N 30 N Algiers ea SYRIA A ng Jian Kyushu n T Islamabad ha gtz g Sea IS C an e) TUNISIA LEBANON IRAQ IRAN N Y Ba HA N Lahore Chengdu ( Shanghai A ISRAEL g G A Brahmaputra Tripoli JORDAN hdad AF PaCIFIC L T G Wuhan S a N BHUTAN The People's Republic G Cairo KUWAIT I Delhi n EP

g A of China claims Taiwan

E K s e L Gua D s ngz

u New h R LIBYA EGYPT BAHRAIN QATAR A ou Taipei

d as its 23rd province. N R P I n i Delhi TAIWAN A I Dhaka l Karachi

e e Riyadh U.A.E. MYANMAR Philippine OCEaN d Masqat Kolkata Hong Kong SAUDI (BURMA) Hanoi V Sea S N (Calcutta) LAOS Hainan ARABIA A IE NORTHERN e M Luzon M Mumbai Nay Pyi Taw e T South a k N MARIANA O Bay o CHAD ERITREA n A NIGER (Bombay) China ISLANDS I Sanaa of g M Manila THAILAND L Khartoum Arabian Hyderabad Sea U.S. A YEMEN Bengal Bangkok PHILIPPINES Niamey SUDAN Sea CAMBODIA DJIBOUTI Bengaluru Chennai MARSHALL N'Djamena Phnom TOG Socotra (Bangalore) N ISLANDS (Madras) I Ho Chi Minh NIGERIA Penh N Yemen A Addis Ababa N PALAU E O A E

N SRI City O E CENTRAL I O

A B Lagos R AFRICAN ETHIOPIA L Colombo Mindanao FEDERATED STATES LANKA BRUNEI H E A REPUBLIC S OF G M E KualaM A M A V L C Bangui O I AYSIA EQ. S Lumpur D Sumatra KIRIBATI GUINEA O DEM. REP. UGANDA Mogadishu L EQUATOR A Borneo G OF THE KENYA M SINGAPORE GABON N CONGO NAURU SAO TOME O Nairobi Celebes & PRINCIPE C Brazzaville RWANDA CABINDA Kinshasa BURUNDI INDONESIANew Guinea Ang. Dodoma Dar es Salaam Jakarta Java PAPUA NEW GUINEA SOLOMON M Surabaya Luanda ISLANDS F A COMOROS L Port ANGOLA A E W EAST TIMOR Moresby U Darwin I Q (TIMOR-LESTE) Lusaka mbe I a zi B Z M Antananarivo Harare A Coral FIJI Z MADAGASCAR ISLANDS O Sea Windhoek Reunion INDIaN Gaborone M Fr. Tshwane (Pretoria) Maputo Orange SWAZILAND Bloemfontein OCEaN Fr. G SOUTH Brisbane South Cape Town Perth g Pacific lin ar D Ocean M Sydney u North rr Island ay Canberra Melbourne Auckland Tasmania ABBREVIATIONS NEW ZEALAND H Kerguelen Islands AUST...... AUSTRIA Fr. Wellington South B.&H...... BOSNIA & The Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans merge around Antarctica. Some define this as an ocean, calling Island HERZEGOVINA it the Antarctic Ocean, Austral Ocean, or . While most accept four oceans (including BELG...... BELGIUM the Arctic Ocean), there is little international agreement on the name and extent of a fifth ocean. CROAT...... CROATIA PRIME MERIDIAN (MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH) CZECH REP...... CZECH REPUBLIC DEM. REP. OF...... DEMOCRATIC THE CONGO REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO EQ. GUINEA ...... EQUATORIAL GUINEA J 60°S EST...... ESTONIA HUNG...... HUNGARY KOS...... KOSOVO LITH...... LITHUANIA MACED...... MACEDONIA ea MOLD...... MOLDOVA s S ANTARCTICA Ros NETH...... NETHERLANDS SERB...... SERBIA MONT...... MONTENEGRO K SLOV...... SLOVENIA SWITZ...... SWITZERLAND U.A.E...... UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Reference Atlas A15 12345678 30°W 20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 6 70°N 0°N

A a e Akureyri N S ) 40° H n Tromso W Reykjavík C I A a RC W i ICELAND TIC N Y CI E g RCL E L E R e G w Ki r F

O r A B N o A I D N N I

R E W M (

N E A Faeroe Islands I U D Torshavn I Den. R R E h Are t M Trondheim o POLITICAL B E D C M Alesund I 0 mi 400 R Shetland P O Sundsvall f o Islands f 0 km 400 E l P Rockall Lerwick u U.K. Bergen G AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION 30°W Isle of Lewis Orkney Islands N 5 Oslo W 0°N Inverness Stavanger Uppsala D Stockholm UNITED Aberdeen k e SCOTLAND rra S Glasgow ge S Edinburgh Ska Goteborg NORTHERN Gotland IRELAND Belfast North c IRELAND Arhus i t Dublin Liverpool DENMARK Malmo l Sea Copenhagen a L E Cork Manchester B KINGDOM Kiel RUS WALES Birmingham Celtic Gdansk Cardiff ENGLAND NETH. Hamburg Sea The London Hague Amsterdam Bydgoszcz Land's End pton Berlin Southam W l POLAND ATLaNTIC English Channe Brussels GERMANY F BELGIUM Bonn Lodz Le Havre R Wroclaw h O Brest in Frankfurt d OCEaN e e LUX. r Kr Rennes Paris Prague CZECH REP. Nantes Strasbourg Bra IA C tisl K Munich av A La Roc FRANCE a V helle Vienna O Bay of Zurich LIECH. L 20°W Bern S G Biscay Limoges AUSTRIA 40° Bordeaux SWITZERLAND S Budapest N La Coru˜na Geneva L P Lyon A OVENIA HUNGARY tia- SL Vigo nos astian Milan Ljubljana Zagreb Do Seb Bilbao San Turin Ve ROATIA Toulouse ni C Porto P y M ce L r e ONAC Genoa BOSNIA & B Valladolid n O SAN A A e e d HERZEGOVINA Coimbra ANDORRA s M Nice MARINO r G ar i Sarajevo SE H seille a U Zaragoza t Madrid ITALY ic T B Corsica MONTENEGRO P Lisbon arce S R lona Fr. VATICAN Rome e Podgorica SPAIN a O CITY Valencia P Tiran¨e M ALBANIA Cape Cordoba Palma Naples St. Vincent Sardinia Seville Murcia Balearic It. Cadiz Islands J Malaga Cartagena Sp. Cagliari Tyrrhenian Sea U.K. Ionian Strait G of Gibra M e d i t Sea ltar e Palermo r Messina r Sicily a Catania P n e 30 AFRICA Valletta K °N MALTA a n 10°W 0° 10°E S 12345678

A16 Reference Atlas 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 30°E 40°E ° 50°E 70°E 70 N Tobseda N 60° Barents A Sea o 80°E U A commonly accepted division A Murmansk Pechora P L N D between and Europe—here

Y o A Ival Kola R marked by a gray line—is L Kirovsk Peninsula a

e A formed by the Ural Mountains, D S Kiruna Umba e Ural River, , it L B Wh Mountains, and the Black Sea N with its outlets, the Bosporus N Kemi Arkhangel’sk M and the Dardanelles. Lulea Kem A Severodvinsk Oulu O Umea Syktyvkar L a U ni th o N Europe-Asia B N boundary Vaasa Kuopio Lake T C

I Perm f Onega A o ASIA Pori F RUSSIA I Tampere Lake Kirov Ladoga N ° Turku 70 E Helsinki St. Petersburg S °N

Velikiy Ufa 50 Tallinn D a Novgorod Kazan Yaroslavl e ESTONIA

S Nizhniy Tver Novgorod Riga c Moscow Samara L A T V I A urg N Daugavpils Orenb LITHUANIA Ryazan Penza A Vitsyebsk Smolensk T E Oral S Vilnius a RUSSIA g as l un o H Ka Minsk Saratov V U Bryansk ra K BELARUS l A Homyel Z Warsaw Kursk A D Chernihiv K Sumy Volgograd F Kyiv (Kiev) Kharkiv Krakow Poltava Lviv UKRAINE D Donetsk Astrakhan A ni Vinnytsya I C a est K r p er D Rostov a nip C t h rope i trovsk a MOLDOVA a n 60°E Chişin˘au s G M Sea of Stavropol °N t Odesa Azov p 40 s RY . Kerch Grozny i ROMANIA a Simferopol C a u c n a s u Yalta s M o u n t Belgrade Bucharest Seva a i n s AZERBAIJAN stopol GEORGIA S A . Constanta Baku anube ts SERBIA D M Black Sea e Balkan Varna H Pristina BULGARIA a O Sofia

KOSOVO rus po Skopje os MACED. Istanbul B IA Thessaloniki TURKEY es nell Sea of Darda J n GREECE Aegean Marmara Sea Athens ASIA Peloponnesus

Rhodes Nicosia Crete 30°N K Iraklio CYPRUS S e a 30°E 40°E 50°E 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Reference Atlas A17 12345678 130°W 50°N 120°W 110°W 100°W A C A N Seattle lumb o ia Olympia C WASHINGTON B Missouri 9 Portland

NORTH Salem MONTANA M I Helena 1 DAKOTA Eugene D Bismarck

OREGON A 1

5 H C Boise O SOUTH S na 2 Pierre ke DAKOTA 40° N WYOMING 1 Sioux Falls 1 N . P la D t te C Salt Lake Cheyenne NEBRASKA A Carson City City Sacramento 3 Omaha L NEVADA Lincoln San Francisco I 3 UTAH San Jose F 3 Denver O COLORADO E 4 R 7 Colorado Springs To 53 N KANSAS rk Las A ans I Vegas as Pacific A Wichita

Ocean F Los Angeles Santa Fe Oklahoma Tu o ARIZONA City d Amarillo a Albuquerque r OKLAHOMA o l 8 o NEW MEXICO 5 San Diego C Phoenix Red 120°W 3 Arctic Ocean Tucson Da G 68°N llas 180° Fort Worth 68°N El Paso RUSSIA AR R CTI i 32 C CI o RCLE G r 110° a n W n TEXAS ko 30° d Yu N e Austin H ALASKA San CANADA MEXICO Antonio 172°W 1 60 °N °N Anchorage 60 State gaining 2 seats Corpus Christi State gaining 1 seat J Bering Juneau No change Sea State losing 1 seat State losing 2 seats Pacific *Numerals in each state indicate ALASKA number of representatives the 52°N 0 mi. 300 52°N K 0 km 300 Ocean state sends to the House of Representatives 164°W 156°W 148°W 140°W 132°W 12345678

A18 Reference Atlas 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 90°W 80°W 50°N 70°W A A A D

MAINE B perio ke Su r 2 MINNESOTA La Augusta 8 Montpelier M I L N.H. C ak VT. H e 2 I Concord H 1 Minneapolis G u 29 C WISCONSIN n io r ar Boston a A nt St. Paul o O g ke i n a Albany MASS. M N L 10 i h ss 8 is c NEW YORK Providence

s i B i u 5 p ffa Hartford RHODE ISLAND °N p 15 lo 40 M CONN. i Milwaukee e 2 i Lansing

e r Madison E k Detroit ke N.J. New York City a La PENNSYLVANIA

IOWA L Chicago Cleveland 13 D 19 Trenton 5 Harrisburg Des Moines Fort Wayne OHIO Philadelphia ha ILLINOIS Pittsburgh 18 M A R Y Dover INDIANA L A N 19 Columbus D DELAWARE Washington, An 1 WEST napo Atlantic Indianapolis D.C. 8 lis Springfield Cincinnati VIRGINIA Kansas 9 11 Oh Charleston Ocean City io Richmond E Topeka St. Louisville Frankfort 3 Jefferson Louis VIRGINIA Virginia Beach City 6 MISSOURI KENTUCKY 9 13 Raleigh 9 Nashville NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte TENNESSEE N F Tulsa SOUTH ARKANSAS Memphis A Columbia i p Tenne Little p ssee i I CAROLINA s Rock s Atlanta i P S s a s v 6 4 i P Birmingham a n I n M

a S ALABAMA GEORGIA h ° 4 30 N S 7 G Jackson I Montgomery 13 Savannah S

S L I O 7 M U Jacksonville 70°W I S Mobile Tallahassee I A N A 25 UNITED Baton Rouge F New Orleans L O STATES H Houston R 2000 CONGRESSIONAL Tampa I Gulf of Mexico D REAPPORTIONMENT 90°W A 0 mi. 300 0 km 300 159°W 156°W ALBERS CONIC EQUAL-AREA PROJECTION Kauai Miami Niihau J Oahu Honolulu Molokai Maui ° Lanai 21 N Kahoolawe Pacific Hawaii ER F CANC Ocean 2 TROPIC O PRINCIPAL HAWAIIAN CUBA ISLANDS K 0 mi. 100 ° °N 0 km 100 156 W 80°W 20 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Reference Atlas A19

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