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Rural Poverty in India: Structure, Determinants and Suggestions for Policy Reform
Rural Poverty in India: Structure, determinants and suggestions for policy reform Raghbendra Jha ABSTRACT Poverty, particularly rural poverty, has been one of the enduring policy challenges in India. Surely the most important objective of the reforms process would have been to make a significant dent on rural poverty. It is from this that a program of accelerated growth must draw its rationale. In this paper, I discuss the evolution of poverty in India – particularly during the reform period. Then I analyze the structure and determinants of this poverty. The rate of decline of poverty declined during the 1990s as compared to the 1980s. I advance some reasons for this. Policy prescriptions for a more effective anti poverty strategy are discussed. All correspondence to: Raghbendra Jha, Australia South Asia Research Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Fax: + 61 2 61250443 Phone: + 61 2 6125 2683 Email: [email protected] 1 I. Introduction This paper addresses the important issue of anti-poverty policy in India. In analyzing poverty I use the well-known NSS data set; hence concentrating on consumption measures of poverty. The poverty measures used in this paper are all drawn from the popular Foster-Greer- Thorbecke class of functions written as: = − α Yα ∑[(z yi ) / z] / n (1) < yi z where Y is the measure of poverty, yi is the consumption of the ith household or the ith class of household, z is the poverty line1, n is the population size, and α is a non-negative parameter. The headcount ratio, HC, given by the percentage of the population who are poor is obtained when α=0. -
AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK and FISHERIES
Research in ISSN : P-2409-0603, E-2409-9325 AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK and FISHERIES An Open Access Peer Reviewed Journal Open Access Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Research Article Vol. 4, No. 2, August 2017: 123-129 PRESENT STATUS OF CARP HATCHERY AND BREEDING OPERATIONS IN BANGLADESH: A REVIEW Nafisa Khatun, Mostt Tajnova Islam*, Nishat Sultana, Sonya Mrong and Md. Azizul Huq Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh *Corresponding author: Mostt Tajnova Islam, E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received Carps are the main species for the aquaculture system in Bangladesh, and 15 June, 2017 the production of these species completely depends on timely and adequate Accepted supply of quality seeds. In hatcheries, since middle of nineties, stock deterioration 17 August, 2017 was reported because of poor brood stock management and inbreeding depression and still though both public and private hatcheries and nurseries are producing Online fish seeds, but there has been a growing concern over the availability of 30 August, 2017 good quality seeds for sustainable fish production. For that reason, the Key words production of quality carp spawns and fingerlings are essential for desired production Carp of fish in Bangladesh. We reviewed the present status of carp hatcheries along with Culture ongoing practices of breeding in different carp hatcheries for sustainable production Breeding strategies in this region. To cite this article: Khatun N, MT Islam, N Sultana, S Mrong and MA Huq, 2017. Present status of carp hatchery and breeding operations in Bangladesh: A review. Res. Agric. Livest., Fish., 4 (2): 123-129. -
World Bank Document
WDP32 July1988 Public Disclosure Authorized 32Ez World Bank Discussion Papers Public Disclosure Authorized Tenancyin SouthAsia Public Disclosure Authorized Inderjit Singh ** D 60.3 .Z63 56 988 .2 Public Disclosure Authorized FILECOPY RECENT WORLD BANK DISCUSSION PAPERS No. 1. Public Enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa. John R. Nellis No. 2. Raising School Quality in Developing Countries: What Investments Boost Learning? Bruce Fuller No. 3. A System for Evaluating the Performance of Government-Invested Enterprises in the Republic of Korea. Young C. Park No. 4. Country Commitment to Development Projects. Richard Heaver and Arturo Israel No. 5. Public Expenditure in Latin America: Effects on Poverty. Guy P. Pfeffermann No. 6. Community Participation in Development Projects: The World Bank Experience. Samuel Paul No. 7. International Financial Flows to Brazil since the Late 1960s: An Analysis of Debt Expansion and Payments Problems. Paulo Nogueira Batista, Jr. No. 8. Macroeconomic Policies, Debt Accumulation, and Adjustment in Brazil, 1965-84. Celso L. Martone No. 9. The Safe Motherhood Initiative: Proposals for Action. Barbara Herz and Anthony R. Measham [Also available in French (9F) and Spanish (9S)1 No. 10. Improving Urban Employment and Labor Productivity. Friedrich Kahnert No. 11. Divestiture in Developing Countries. Elliot Berg and Mary M. Shirley No. 12. Economic Growth and the Returns to Investment. Dennis Anderson No. 13. Institutional Development and Technical Assistance in Macroeconomic Policy Formulation: A Case Study of Togo. Sven B. Kjellstrom and Ayite-Fily d'Almeida No. 14. Managing Economic Policy Change; Institutional Dimensions. Geoffrey Lamb No. 15. Dairy Development and Milk Cooperatives: The Effects of a Dairy Project in India. -
Inclusive Growth in India - Learning from Best Practices of Selected Countries
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Aggarwal, Suresh Chand; Satija, Divya; Khan, Shuheb Working Paper Inclusive growth in India - learning from best practices of selected countries Working Paper, No. 375 Provided in Cooperation with: Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Suggested Citation: Aggarwal, Suresh Chand; Satija, Divya; Khan, Shuheb (2019) : Inclusive growth in India - learning from best practices of selected countries, Working Paper, No. 375, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/203709 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under -
Preserving a Critical Fishery Resource in Inle Lake, Myanmar for Sustainable Fisheries and Food Security
Preserving a Critical Fishery Resource in Inle Lake, Myanmar for Sustainable Fisheries and Food Security Myo Min Hlaing Inle carp (Cyprinus intha) is a bottom dweller species of carps which is endemic in Lake Inle of Myanmar. This species of carp is being driven to near extinction due to overfishing and environmental degradation of its natural habitat. Lake Inle is the second largest natural inland water body in Myanmar. Situated in Shan State in the northeastern part of the country, Lake Inle has an area of about 116 km2 and sits in a tropical monsoonal area with diverse species of flora and fauna. Recently, the Lake has suffered environmental degradation due to deforestation and agro-chemical pollution, a situation that affects not only the Inle carp that inhabits the Lake due to its degrading water quality but also the Intha fishers who depend on Lake Inle and Inle carp fisheries for their livelihoods. Inle carp (Cyprinus intha) is a Cyprinid fish commonly found in Lake Inle and an endemic species in Myanmar. In 2011, the IUCN Red List declared the Inle carp as endangered as it had been impacted by the introduction of some Cyprinus species in the Lake. C. intha inhabits the shallow zone of the Lake, especially in areas with dense submerged vegetation and muddy with high organic bottom. Spawning of this species usually takes place in waters with temperature ranging from 24°C to 26°C, between November and March. The inland waters of Myanmar include natural inland and seasonal water bodies as well as freshwater fishponds that Clockwise: Map of Myanmar are being tapped for fisheries, which has been playing a showing Lake Inle, and intha fishers’ technique of rowing boats in Lake Inle with a unique motion vital role in the cultural and socio-economic advancement that has become a symbol of the local intha tribe of the country. -
Development of Geographical Institutions in India
Governing Council of the Indian Geographical Society President: Prof. N. Sivagnanam Vice Presidents: Dr. B. Hema Malini Dr. Sulochana Shekhar Dr. Smita Bhutani Dr. Subhash Anand Dr. Aravind Mulimani General Secretary: Dr. R. Jaganathan Joint Secretaries: Dr. R. Jagankumar Dr. S. Sanjeevi Prasad Dr. G. Geetha Treasurer: Dr. G. Bhaskaran Council Members: Prof. P.S. Tiwari Dr. M. Sakthivel Dr. V. Emayavaramban Dr. B. Srinagesh Dr. Dhanaraj Gownamani Dr. B. Mahalingam Ms. S. Eswari Member Nominated to the Executive Committee from the Council: Prof. P.S. Tiwari Editor: Prof. K. Kumaraswamy Assistant Editor: Dr. K. Balasubramani Authors, who wish to submit their manuscripts for publication in the Indian Geographical Journal, are most welcome to send them to the Editor only through e-mail: [email protected] Authors of the research articles in the journal are responsible for the views expressed in them and for obtaining permission for copyright materials. For details and downloads visit: www.igschennai.org | geography.unom.ac.in/igs Information to Authors The Indian Geographical Journal is published half-yearly in June and December by The Indian Geographical Society, Chennai. The peer reviewed journal invites manuscripts of original research on any geographical field providing information of importance to geography and related disciplines with an analytical approach. The manuscript should be submitted only through the Editor’s e-mail: [email protected] The manuscript should be strictly ordered as follows: Title page, author(s) name, affiliation, designation, e-mail ID and telephone number, abstract, keywords, text (Introduction, Study Area, Methodology, Results and Discussion, Conclusion), Acknowledgements, References, Tables and Figures. -
Cirrhinus Mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) I. Identity V. Status And Trends a. Biological Features VI. Main Issues b. Images Gallery a. Responsible Aquaculture Practices II. Profile VII. References a. Historical Background a. Related Links b. Main Producer Countries c. Habitat And Biology III. Production a. Production Cycle b. Production Systems c. Diseases And Control Measures IV. Statistics a. Production Statistics b. Market And Trade Identity Cirrhinus mrigala Hamilton, 1822 [Cyprinidae] FAO Names: En - Mrigal carp, Fr - , Es - Biological features Body bilaterally symmetrical and streamlined, its depth about equal to length of head; body with cycloid scales, head without scales; snout blunt, often with pores; mouth broad, transverse; upper lip entire and not continuous with lower lip, lower lip most indistinct; single pair of short rostral barbels; pharyngeal teeth in three rows, 5.4.2/2.4.5 pattern; lower jaw with a small post-symphysial knob or tubercle; origin of dorsal fin nearer to end of snout than base of caudal; dorsal fin as high as body with 12 or 13 branched rays; last unbranched ray of dorsal fin non-osseous and non-serrated; pectoral fins shorter than head; caudal fin deeply forked; anal fin not extending to caudal fin; lateral line with 40-45 scales; lateral transverse scale rows 6-7/5½-6 between lateral line and pelvic fin base; usually dark grey above, silvery beneath; dorsal fin greyish; pectoral, pelvic and anal fins orange-tipped (especially during breeding season). -
Taxation and Investment in India 2018
Taxation and Investment in India 2018 India Taxation and Investment 2018 1 Contents 1.0 Investment climate 1.1 Business environment 1.2 Currency 1.3 Banking and financing 1.4 Foreign investment 1.5 Tax incentives 1.6 Exchange controls 2.0 Setting up a business 2.1 Principal forms of business entity 2.2 Regulation of business 2.3 Accounting, filing and auditing requirements 3.0 Business taxation 3.1 Overview 3.2 Residence 3.3 Taxable income and rates 3.4 Capital gains taxation 3.5 Double taxation relief 3.6 Anti-avoidance rules 3.7 Administration 3.8 Other taxes on business 4.0 Withholding taxes 4.1 Dividends 4.2 Interest 4.3 Royalties 4.4 Branch remittance tax 4.5 Wage tax/social security contributions 4.6 Other 5.0 Indirect taxes 5.1 Goods and services tax 5.2 Capital tax 5.3 Real estate tax 5.4 Transfer tax 5.5 Stamp duty 5.6 Customs duties 5.7 Environmental taxes 5.8 Other taxes 6.0 Taxes on individuals 6.1 Residence 6.2 Taxable income and rates 6.3 Inheritance and gift tax 6.4 Real property tax 6.5 Social security contributions 6.7 Other taxes 6.8 Compliance 7.0 Labor environment 7.1 Employee rights and remuneration 7.2 Wages and benefits 7.3 Termination of employment 7.4 Labor-management relations 7.5 Employment of foreigners 8.0 Deloitte International Tax Source 9.0 Contact us 1.0 Investment climate 1.1 Business environment India is a federal republic, with 29 states and seven federally administered union territories; the country operates a multi-party parliamentary democracy system. -
Population Dynamics and Fishery Management of Cirrhinus Mrigala in Pakistan - 2719
Mohsin et al.: Population dynamics and fishery management of Cirrhinus mrigala in Pakistan - 2719 - POPULATION DYNAMICS AND FISHERY MANAGEMENT OF CIRRHINUS MRIGALA (HAMILTON, 1822) IN PAKISTAN MOHSIN, M.1 – YIN, H. B.2* – ZHANG, S. J.2 – ZHANG, H.3 1College of International Finance and Trade, Zhejiang YueXiu University of Foreign Languages, Shaoxing 312000, China 2School of Finance and Trade, Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou 325035, China 3Shandong Foreign Trade Vocational College, Qingdao 266100, China (phone: +86-187-6423-7235; fax: +86-187-6423-7235) *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; phone: +86-187-6423-7235; fax: +86-187-6423-7235 (Received 13th Jan 2021; accepted 9th Apr 2021) Abstract. The study of environmental resources usually gets meagre attention particularly in developing countries. This is the first-attempt to study population dynamics and fishery management parameters of a very important aquatic environmental resource Cirrhinus mrigala (Mrigal carp) in Pakistan. For this, six monthly surveys, January to June 2020, collected 720 samples numbers (n), ranging (R) in size from 14 to 37 centimeters (cm) (22±5.445) and weighing from 30 to 527 grams (g) (148±110.673). Collected data was statistically analysed by FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FiSAT-II). Length-weight relationship (LWR) for Mrigal carp was measured as W=0.014 L2.936 having goodness of fit (R2) value of 0.987. -1 Computed values of asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were 38.85 cm and 0.180 years . Other fishery parameters, viz., theoretical age at which length is zero (to), growth performance index (GPI), total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were estimated at -0.056, Φ'= 2.434 year, Φ= 1.130 year, 1.170 years-1, 0.493 years-1 and 0.677 years-1, correspondingly. -
NATIONAL FISHERIES POLICY, 2020 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. the Indian
NATIONAL FISHERIES POLICY, 2020 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. The Indian fisheries sector is set in a unique and diverse set of resources ranging from the pristine waters of the Himalayas to the sprawling Indian Ocean.The fisheries biodiversity of the country encompasses a wide spectrum of physical and biological components that support the livelihoods of millions of people. Fisheries resources are set in different ecosystems.With growing population and the increasing demand for fish protein, the need for sustainable development of aquatic resources is now felt much more than ever before. To meet the compelling demands and to ensure a growth trajectory that fulfils the requirements of today and leaves an equally better fishery for tomorrow, it is necessary to develop a sound National Fisheries Policy (NFP) framework, which is based on the cardinal principles of equity and equality and adopts a people centric and participatory approach; mainstreams gender,and maintains inter-generational equity. 1.2. The National Fisheries Policy 2020 would offer a strategized way forward to develop, harness, manage and regulate capture and culture fisheries in a responsible and sustainable manner. The Policy will ensure a productive integration with other economic sectors, such as agriculture,coastal area development and eco-tourism, to meet the goals of the ‘Blue Economy’.Whilecenter-state and inter- state cooperation, socio-economic up-liftmen and economic prosperity of fishers and fish farmers’ especially traditional and small-scale fisheries are at the core of the Policy. The Policy mirrors national aspirations and the developmental goals set before the nation. 2. BACKGROUND-FISHERIES SECTOR IN INDIA 2.1 Fisheries are an importantsourceoffood, nutrition, employment and income in India. -
Doing Business Guide India
Edition No. 1 January 2019 Doing Business Guide India This guide has been produced by the Morison KSi Indian member firms About This for the benefit of their clients and associate offices worldwide who are Guide interested in doing business in India. Its main purpose is to provide a broad overview of the various issues that should be considered by organisations when considering setting up business in India. The information provided cannot be exhaustive and – as underlying legislation and regulations are subject to frequent changes – we recommend anyone considering doing business in India or looking to India as an opportunity for expansion should seek professional advice before making any business or investment decision. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this guide, no responsibility is accepted for its accuracy or completeness. The information in this guide is up to date as at the edition date. For more information, please contact: SCV & Co. LLP Bhuta Shah & Co. LLP www.scvindia.com www.bhutashah.com Sachin Vasudeva Sneha Padhiar [email protected] [email protected] T: +91 11 26499111 T: +91 22 43439172 B-41 Lower Ground Floor 901/902 Regent Chambers Panchsheel Enclave Nariman Point New Delhi 110017 Mumbai 400 021 India India Disclaimer: Morison KSi is a global association of independent professional firms. Professional services are provided by individual member firms. Morison KSi does not provide professional services in its own right. No member firm has liability for the acts or omissions of any other member firm arising from its membership of Morison KSi. -
Development of Supplemental Diets for Carp in Vietnamese Upland Ponds Based on Locally Available Resources
Department of Aquaculture Systems and Animal Nutrition Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics Universität Hohenheim Head: Prof. Dr. Klaus Becker Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ulfert Focken DEVELOPMENT OF SUPPLEMENTAL DIETS FOR CARP IN VIETNAMESE UPLAND PONDS BASED ON LOCALLY AVAILABLE RESOURCES Dissertation Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree “Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften” (Dr.sc.agr./ PhD. in Agriculture Sciences) to the Faculty Agricultural Sciences Presented by Tuan, Nguyen Ngoc From Thai Binh (Vietnam) 2010 This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree “Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften” by the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at University of Hohenheim, on 30th of April 2010. Date of oral examination: 18th of May 2010 Examination Committee Supervisor, Reviewer, and Examiner: Prof. Dr. U. Focken Reviewer and Examiner: Prof. Dr. M. Rodehutscord Examiner: Prof. Dr. F. Heidhues Vice-Dean and Head of the Committee: Prof. Dr. W. Bessei Acknowledgements This study would not have been finished without the support of the staff of the Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Department of Aquaculture Systems and Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim and of the Department of Aquaculture, Hanoi University of Agriculture. During my PhD study, I have been indebted to many people without whom this dissertation could never have been completed. First of all, I would like to express my sincere thanks to PD. Dr. Ulfert Focken, my supervisor, for his unreserved support and encouragement in the conduct of this study. I would like to give special thanks to Prof. Dr. Klaus Becker, who initially accepted me to come to Germany to study.