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PERSPECTIVES ON CLIMATE CHANGE HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND AIR QUALITY OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MARCH 21, 2007 Serial No. 110–23 (Committee on Energy and Commerce) Serial No. 110–14 (Committee on Science and Technology) ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Commerce energycommerce.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 37–579 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-SEP-98 11:51 Dec 13, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 Q:\DOCS\110-23 SCOM1 PsN: SCOM1 COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE JOHN D. DINGELL, Michigan, Chairman HENRY A. WAXMAN, California JOE BARTON, Texas EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts Ranking Member RICK BOUCHER, Virginia RALPH M. HALL, Texas EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York J. DENNIS HASTERT, Illinois FRANK PALLONE, JR., New Jersey FRED UPTON, Michigan BART GORDON, Tennessee CLIFF STEARNS, Florida BOBBY L. RUSH, Illinois NATHAN DEAL, Georgia ANNA G. ESHOO, California ED WHITFIELD, Kentucky BART STUPAK, Michigan BARBARA CUBIN, Wyoming ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York JOHN SHIMKUS, Illinois ALBERT R. WYNN, Maryland HEATHER WILSON, New Mexico GENE GREEN, Texas JOHN B. SHADEGG, Arizona DIANA DEGETTE, Colorado CHARLES W. ‘‘CHIP’’ PICKERING, Vice Chairman Mississippi LOIS CAPPS, California VITO FOSSELLA, New York MIKE DOYLE, Pennsylvania STEVE BUYER, Indiana JANE HARMAN, California GEORGE RADANOVICH, California TOM ALLEN, Maine JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania JAN SCHAKOWSKY, Illinois MARY BONO, California HILDA L. SOLIS, California GREG WALDEN, Oregon CHARLES A. GONZALEZ, Texas LEE TERRY, Nebraska JAY INSLEE, Washington MIKE FERGUSON, New Jersey TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin MIKE ROGERS, Michigan MIKE ROSS, Arkansas SUE WILKINS MYRICK, North Carolina DARLENE HOOLEY, Oregon JOHN SULLIVAN, Oklahoma ANTHONY D. WEINER, New York TIM MURPHY, Pennsylvania JIM MATHESON, Utah MICHAEL C. BURGESS, Texas G.K. BUTTERFIELD, North Carolina MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee CHARLIE MELANCON, Louisiana JOHN BARROW, Georgia BARON P. HILL, Indiana PROFESSIONAL STAFF DENNIS B. FITZGIBBONS, Chief of Staff GREGG A. ROTHSCHILD, Chief Counsel SHARON E. DAVIS, Chief Clerk BUD ALBRIGHT, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND AIR QUALITY RICK BOUCHER, Virginia, Chairman G.K. BUTTERFIELD, North Carolina J. DENNIS HASTERT, Illinois, Vice Chairman Ranking Member CHARLIE MELANCON, Louisiana RALPH M. HALL, Texas JOHN BARROW, Georgia FRED UPTON, Michigan HENRY A. WAXMAN, California ED WHITFIELD, Kentucky EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts JOHN SHIMKUS, Illinois ALBERT R. WYNN, Maryland JOHN B. SHADEGG, Arizona MIKE DOYLE, Pennsylvania CHARLES W. ‘‘CHIP’’ PICKERING, JANE HARMAN, California Mississippi TOM ALLEN, Maine STEVE BUYER, Indiana CHARLES A. GONZALEZ, Texas MARY BONO, California JAY INSLEE, Washington GREG WALDEN, Oregon TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin MIKE ROGERS, Michigan MIKE ROSS, Arkansas SUE WILKINS MYRICK, North Carolina DARLENE HOOLEY, Oregon JOHN SULLIVAN, Oklahoma ANTHONY D. WEINER, New York MICHAEL C. BURGESS, Texas JIM MATHESON, Utah JOE BARTON, Texas (ex officio) JOHN D. DINGELL, Michigan (ex officio) (II) VerDate 11-SEP-98 11:51 Dec 13, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 8486 Sfmt 8486 Q:\DOCS\110-23 SCOM1 PsN: SCOM1 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HON. BART GORDON, Tennessee, Chairman JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois RALPH M. HALL, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER JR., LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California Wisconsin MARK UDALL, Colorado LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas DAVID WU, Oregon DANA ROHRABACHER, California BRIAN BAIRD, Washington KEN CALVERT, California BRAD MILLER, North Carolina ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan NICK LAMPSON, Texas FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois JERRY MCNERNEY, California W. TODD AKIN, Missouri PAUL KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania JO BONNER, Alabama DARLENE HOOLEY, Oregon TOM FEENEY, Florida STEVEN R. ROTHMAN, New Jersey RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas MICHAEL M. HONDA, California BOB INGLIS, South Carolina JIM MATHESON, Utah DAVID G. REICHERT, Washington MIKE ROSS, Arkansas MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri PHIL GINGREY, Georgia CHARLIE MELANCON, Louisiana BRIAN P. BILBRAY, California BARON P. HILL, Indiana ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska HARRY E. MITCHELL, Arizona CHARLES A. WILSON, Ohio PROFESSIONAL STAFF CHUCK ATKINS, Staff Director JIM TURNER, Chief Counsel DEBORAH L. SAMANTAR, Legislative Clerk LESLEE GILBERT, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HON. NICK LAMPSON, Texas, Chairman JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois BOB INGLIS, South Carolina LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona W. TODD AKIN, Missouri JERRY MCNERNEY, California RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas MARK UDALL, Colorado MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas BRIAN BAIRD, Washington MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida PAUL KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania RALPH M. HALL, Texas BART GORDON, Tennessee JEAN FRUCI, Democratic Professional Staff CHRIS KING, Democratic Professional Staff Member SHIMERE WILLIAMS, Democratic Professional Staff Member ELAINE PAULIONIA, Democratic Professional Staff Member STACEY STEEP, Research Assistant MARGARET CARAVELLI, Republican Chief Counsel AMY CARROLL, Republican Professional Staff ELIZABETH STACK, Republican Professional Staff (III) VerDate 11-SEP-98 11:51 Dec 13, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 Q:\DOCS\110-23 SCOM1 PsN: SCOM1 VerDate 11-SEP-98 11:51 Dec 13, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 Q:\DOCS\110-23 SCOM1 PsN: SCOM1 C O N T E N T S Page Hon. John D. Dingell, a Representative in Congress from the State of Michi- gan, opening statement ....................................................................................... 1 Hon. Bart Gordon, a Representative in Congress from the State of Tennessee, opening statement ................................................................................................ 7 WITNESSES Hon. Al Gore, Jr., ..................................................................................................... 8 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 18 Bjorn Lomborg, adjunct professor, Copenhagen Consensus Center, Copenha- gen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark .................................................... 52 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 60 SUBMITTED MATERIAL Follow-up questions for the record to Mr. Gore, letter of June 5, 2007 .............. 138 Letter of March 6, 2007 from Mr. Barton and Mr. Hastert to His Excellency Vaclav Klaus, president of the Czech Republic ................................................. 141 Answers to submitted questions ...................................................................... 143 ‘‘Ice Core Records of Atmospheric CO2 Around the Last Three Glacial Termi- nations’’, by Hubertus Fletcher et al., Science Magazine, March 12, 1999 ..... 147 ‘‘400 Years of Sunspot Observations’’, submitted by Mr. Akin ............................ 150 (V) VerDate 11-SEP-98 11:51 Dec 13, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 Q:\DOCS\110-23 SCOM1 PsN: SCOM1 PERSPECTIVES ON CLIMATE CHANGE WEDNESDAY, MARCH 21, 2007 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND AIR QUALITY, COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE; JOINT WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, DC. The subcommittees met, pursuant to call, at 9:48 a.m., in room 2123, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. John Dingell (chairman of the Committee on Energy and Commerce) presiding. Present from the Committee on Energy and Commerce: Rep- resentatives Boucher (chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality); Butterfield, Melancon, Barrow, Waxman, Markey, Wynn, Doyle, Harman, Allen, Gonzalez, Inslee, Baldwin, Ross, Hooley, Weiner, Matheson, Barton, Hastert, Upton, Whitfield, Shimkus, Shadegg, Pickering, Buyer, Bono, Walden, Rogers, Myrick, Sulli- van, and Burgess. Present from the Committee on Science and Technology: Rep- resentatives Gordon (chairman, Committee on Science and Tech- nology) Lampson (chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Envi- ronment); Costello, Woolsey, Lipinski, Giffords, McNerney, Udall, Baird, Hall, Inglis, Bartlett, Biggert, Akin, Neugebauer, and McCaul. Staff present from the Committee on Energy and Commerce: Dennis B. Fitzgibbons, Gregg A. Rothschild, Sharon E. Davis, Jona- than Cordone, Sue Sheridan, Lorie Schmidt, Bruce Harris, Chris Treanor, David McCarthy, Kurt Bilas, Tom Hassenboehler, Matt Johnson, and Peter Kielty. Staff present from the Committee on Science and Technology: Chuck Atkins, John Piazza, John Fruci, Louis Finkel, Deborah Samantar, Leslee Gilbert, Margaret Caravelli, Amy Carroll, and Elizabeth Stack. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN D. DINGELL, A REP- RESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF MICHI- GAN Chairman DINGELL. The committee will come to order. The Committee on Energy and Commerce and our distinguished friends from the Committee on Science and Technology