11600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEL~ ATE. N OVEl\IBER 21 '
PRIVATE BILLS ~D RESOLUTIO~S. tucky because there had been no one selected n the ~en e..ral Umler clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions election to fill out the short term occasionetl by the death of were introduced and severally referred, as follows: the late Senator .James. As this raises a new que tion, I ask By l\lr. ~""DERSON: A bill (H. R. 13144) granting an increase unanimous consent that the question as to l\lr. 1\l_j.n T r:~'s o-f pension to :Michael Fogarty ; to the Committee on Invalid right to a seat in the Senate be referred to the Committee on Pensions. Privileges and Elections for investigation and report. Also, a bill (H. R. 13145) granting a pension to Feronka The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there any objection?· The Chait· Dotzenrot; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. hears none, and it is so ordered. By 1\Ir. HICKS: A bill (H. R. 13146) for the relief of Carolyn SENATOR FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE. Wbeeler Kobbe ; to the Committee on Claims. The V:IOE PRESIDENT. The Ohair presents the credentials By 1\Ir. SHERWOOD: A bill (H. R. 13147) granting a pension of Hon. llir-.TRY W. KEYES, Senator elect from the State of .._ Tew to A1bert Beehler ; i:o i:he Committee on Pensions. Hampshire for the term of ~ix years beginning 1\Iarch 4, 1919. Also, a bill (H. R. 13148) granting an increase of pension to The credentials will be printed in the RECORD and placed ou tile. John 0. Koepplinger; to the Committee on Pensions. The credentials are as follows : Also, a bill (H. R. 13149) granting an increase of pension to STATE OF NEW HA~'MPSHIRE , Bavin Copeland; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ExECUTIVE DEPARTi\lEXl'. Also, a bill (H. R. 13150) granting an increase of pension to To the PRESIDE~T OF THE SE~ATE OF THE UNITED STATES: Mari1y R. 'Yardley; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. This is to certify that on the 5th day of Novembet'. 191 , HE:'\'1tY W. KEI:ES wa_s duly chosen by the qualified electors of the State of New Also, a bill (H. R. 13151) granting an increase of .Pension to Hampshire a Senator from said State to represent aid Stn.te in the :John Daily ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Senate of the United States for the term of six years, beginning on the Also, a bill (H. R. 13152) g1·anting an increase of pension to 4th day of March, 1919. Witnes;J: His excellency, our gO-vernor, llEKRY W. KEYES, and our seal 'Villiam H. Ramey; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. hereto affixed at Concord, this 15th day of November, A. D. 1918. HExnY W. KEYES, Goventor. By the governor : PETITIONS, ETC. (SEAL.] EDWIN C. BlllAK, Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, Secrctm·y of State. Mr. DAllROW presented a resolution of the United Business CONGRATULATORY CABLEGRAMS FROM AMERICAN REPUBLICS. Men's Association of Philadelphia, Pa., in favor ,of legislation The VICE PRESIDENT. The Ohair lays before the Senate providing for the retirement of superannuated Government em a congratulatory cablegram from the president of the Council ployees, which was referred to the Committee on Interstate and of State of Haiti, which will e read. Foreign Commerce. The Secretary read as follows : --~~~~------PORT AU PRr.\CE, Not:cn~ber 11, 1918. To the Senate of the Unitea States, · SENATE. Washington: The Council of State of llaiti, happy at the success of the arms of THURSDAY, Novembe1· ~1, 1918. the United States and allies, expresses to -·the Senate of the Gnlted States its confidence in a. final pence founded on right, ju tice, and The chaplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., offered the humanity. LEGIT HI Ill, following prayer: _ Preside1lt of the Douncil ot State. Almighty God, we have come to Thee with the great burdens of The VICE PRESIDENT. The cablegram will be referred state upon our hearts and minds. Thou hast brought us to the to the Committee on Foreign Relations. day of victory and great glory has come to our arms. Thou ·hast Mr. HITCHCOCK. .Mr. President, before it is referred I brought us into vital contact with the nations of tJ,:le earth. should like to state that the Committee on Foreign Relations Thou hast given us a place of great power in the world. We ha'\l'e had under consitleration everal messages of a similar sort desire in the exercise of our great obligations and duties to keep from legislative bodies of American Republics anti have in before us Thy will, to build states and to build a world citizen structed me to report a resolution requesting the Vice President ship upon the unchanging principles of Thy revealed wilL Guide to acknowledge the receipt of the same, and I shouM like to us day by day as we labor to advance the interests of mankind. have the privilege of incorporating this message from Haiti for Give us constantly the assurance of Thy presence and blessing. the same purpose. For Christ's sake. Amen. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is t~ere objection? The Chair The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of the proceed hears none. ings of Monday lasf, when on ~·equest of 1\Ir. SHEPPARD a,nd by Mr. HITCHCOCK. If thel'e is no objection, I will report at unanimous consent the further reading was dispensed with, and this time the resolution which the Committee on Foreign Rela the Journal :was approved. tions presents and ask that the Secretary incorporate with the SENATOB FROM MISSOURI, names iu the resolution the message received from tl1e Republic 1\Ir. REED. Mr. President, I present the credentials of Sena of Haiti. I do this because we are on the eve of final adjourn tor-elect SEr.nEN P. SPENCER, of Missouri, and ask that they be ment and there ought to be a prompt acknowledgment. I ask read to the Senate. tbat the Secretary may read the resolution as modified. The VICE PUESIDENT. The Secretary will read. The VICE PRESIDE~~. It will be read. The Secretary read, as follows : The Secretary read the resolution (S. Res. 340) as modified THil STATE OF .:MISSOURI, and accompanying report, as ~ollows : EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. The Co1lllllittee on Forei~n Relations, to which were referred the To THE PRESIDEXT OF THE Sli:~ATE OF THE UNITED STA'IES : cnbl«>gram addressed to the President of the Senate of the United States · This is to certify that on tbe 5tb day of November, .1918 SELDE.N P. by Ricardo Dol:-. President of tne SEDate of the Republic of <.:uba, SPENCER wa!i' duJy chosen by Lhe qualified electors of the state .of Mis dated November 11, 1918_; JLDJ also the cablegTam addressed to the souri a Senator from said Stai:e to Tepresent said State in the Senate President of the Senate of the United States by Ismael Vasquez, pt·esl of the United States for the unexpired term of the late William Joel dent of the Sena t ~ of the Republic of Bolivia, and Atiliano Aparicio, ' Stone. secretary of ~ta te o Bolivia; and also thl:' cablegram nddrcs ed to tbc I n testimony whereof, I hereunto set my hand and cause to be affixed President of the Senate of 1be United States by PresWent Legitime, the great seal of the State of MissourL Done at the city of .Telferson, of the Council of 8tate of Haiti ; and also thP cablt•grnm adllressed this 19th day of November, A. D. 1918. to the Amer!can Henat~ by the Senate of the Republic of Uruguay. and FREDERICK D. GARDXER, signed by Ricardo Areco, its president, and M. Solsona, the secretary, By the Governor : all of which congratulate the Senate of the nited States upon a [SEAL.] JOHN L _ SULLIVAN, successful termination of the war, having had the same under con Secretary oJ State. sideration, favorably report for adoption the following resolution : Re. Tbe VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it will be read.. 1\Ir. MARTIN of Virginia. There is no que. tion but tllat the Tlle Seer tary reu.U. ns f Whereas pending the natural termination of such Federal control the observe, therefore, that the basis on which we are willing to accept com State commi sions are embarrassed by the assumption by the Post pensation is more favorable to the Government than you have granted to master General of exclusive control over rates : Therefore be it the Western Union. Apparently war compensation is based upon war Resolve d, That this association does respectfully recommend to the profits, and we are entitled to the same treatment as the Western Union Postmaster General that the Federal control of the telephone and tele in this respect. I am, . . "'Yours, respectfully, . CLAREXCE H. MACKAY, graph lines cease as soon as practicable and the military necessity 1 1 therefor shall have ended. u Prcsident. , When Newcomb Carlton, president of the Western Union, was asked Mr. KELLOGG. I also send to the desk a public statement for a statement regarding the Government"s seizure or the cables he from 1\Ir. Clarence H. Mackay, president of both the Postal said: "I have nothing to say on the matter. Any statement must come Telegraph & Cable Co. and the Commercial Cable Co., together from Washington." with a letter of l\!r. Mackay addressed to 1\lr. Burleson, Post master General, which I ask to have read. 1\Ir. KELLOGG. :Mr. President, if there is no objection in The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair the Senate, I should like to make a few very brief remarks upon l1ears none, and the Secretary will read. this petition and statement. The Secretary read as follows : The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair bears none. PRESIDEXT :llACKAY PROTESTS. l\Ir. KELLOGG. · l\Ir. President, it will be remembered that "Clarence H. Mackay, president of the Postal Telegraph-Cable Co. and we bad carried on the war tor nearly a year and a half before the- Commercial Cable Co., on being asked regarding the Government it taking the contrQl of the cable lines, said : occurred to anyone that it was necessary to take over the " I can not understand why the Govemment takes over the cables as telegraphs and telephones and cables as a war measure. When a war measure notwithstanding the war being now practically ended. the bill was reported to the Senate for that purpose, the advo The cable companies have rendered splendid service ever since the out break of the European war four years ago. Why at this late day the cates of the bill made no claim that there was any nece sity rost Otllce Department takes over the cables a.s a war necessity, in the then existing for taking over the telegraph lines. The principal face of the fact that the Navy Department has censored all cable mes advocates upon the floor of the Senate, the Senator from Ala sages since April, 1917, and is still censoring them, is beyond my com prehension. Ana why, also, the Government should saddle itself with bama [Mr. UNDERWOOD] and the Senator from Illinois [l\Ir. this added burden when, on the other band, it is trying to reduce the LEWIS], made it very plain to the Senate and to the country wat· expense is a mystet·y. • that the President had no immediate intention of taking o>er •· The cables, except for the last few days, have been worked to their full capacity, and Government operation can not Increase that capacity the telegraphs and telephones; that they kn2w of no neces ity nor make the rates any cheaper. In fact, I have no doubt that Govern for so doing then existing; but that the passage of the bill was ment operation will result in loss, just as the Government operation or simply asked to empower the President to take over the tele the land lines will undoubtedly result in a very heavy loss. Only a few days ago I wrote .Mr. Burleson requesting that the land lines be turned graphs and the telephones in the eYent the necessity of the "·ar back to the companies, so us to limit the loss of the Government. That should demand it thereafter. I now wish to call attention yerv letter is quite 1n point, and reads · as follows : briefly to the language of these Senators upon this subject and " ' NorEl:IBER 11, 1918. to show how the action of the Government squares with the . "' ' Hon. ALBEUT S. BURLESO~, spokesmen of the administration. 1\Ir. UNDERWOOD said: u' Postma.ater General, Washington, D. 0. The committee does not present this bill to the Senate with a. vjew "' liY DEAR MR. BURLESO~: In view of the fact that an armistice -rrith Germany bas now been signed and a treaty of peace will probably point that there is any necessity In this hour confronting the country IJe agreed upon quickly, I take the liberty of suggestinl$ that the tele as a reason why these lines should be taken over. graph lines be returned to the two telegraph compames at once, as But it was simply an act, he said, empowering the Pre. illent authorized bv the President's proclamation, which states that you shall be at Uberty to relinquish ··in whole or in part to the owners thereof to meet the emergency if it should arise. The Senate will • • • any telegraph • • • system or any part thereof." remember, I think, the speech of the Senator from Illinois " • Such action on your part would save the Government a great deal in which he said: - ' of money, because, as I am informed, the compensation which bas been agreed upon between you and the Western Union Telegraph Co. is much I deny absolutely that there is a foundation for the chnr~;c made more than that telegraph company Is now earning from month to month. that the joint resolution authorizes the !'resident to operate the proper That compensation is even more than that company's earnings for 1917, ties to the exclusion of the companies wllich own them. which was the most profitable year in its history. The earnings of that Sir, I stallation charge ot $5 would reimburse the company tor .any loss that Rcsol~:ed jtu·t1le1·, That the Govemment should posst>ss and own a.ll they might have from the installations, and all over and above the sum natural agencies for the production of fuel produced and created from of $5 would be in tbe nature of a gift to the company and would be a the land and produced and created as the re uit of natural agencies. great burden upon the telephone subscriber . . All items of e:tpense It shall construct and own ships and agencies of water transportation shown by tbe company were taken from the station 1·cmoval and necessary for merchant ma1·ine, all to be maintained and continued in change account, accorchng to the accounting system prescribed by the behalf of the United States and for the advancement of its commerce Interstate Commerce Commission. so as to facilitate the dealings of the citizens of the United States In In regard to the second objection, the recorus of this office show t hat matters of ti·ade and shipping with all citizens of other countl'ies. telephone rates are dependent· upon many varying conditions and cir Resolv ed jurtller, That the method of the opet·ation of these agl'ncies eumstancea, and that no classification of service cnn be made just heretofore mentioned ls a subject to be regulated and adjusted In eacb based upon the mor.thly rate alone; that many telephone companies instance according to the demands and ch'cumstances surrounding the that have been conscientiously serving the publlc and maintaining a operation of that particular agency at the particular time of the de low, reasonable rate will have only a $5 rnstallatfon charge, while mand fot· the use of that agency, be it railroad, steamship, telephone, other companles that have carried on their buslne.<>s for mere personal tele.graph, coal, or oil. gain, without consideration of the pubUc, and ha>e excessive utes, COTTO~ EXPORTS. will be 1·eceiving a $10 or 515 installation charge. In regard to the third ol)jection, in view of the fact that it is gen 1\lr. GORE. I a li: unanimous consent to have printed in tile erally conceded that the telephone systems of the country are abso RECORD a letter addres ed by tile Director of the Bureau of lutely essential for the pro ecution of the war, it therefore . follows that telephone communication to as many subscribers as can possibly Markets to Chairman 1\lcCormick, of the War Trade Boaru, in be reached is a desirable situation. In carrying on of local war pro regard to the discontinuance of the embargo on cotton, al. o u gi·am in connection witb liberty loan, Red Cross, war savings stamps, I 1\Ir. Fuel and Food Administrations, draft boards, and the many other or letter which haYe myself addressed to 1\IcCQrmlck on the ganizations for war purposes, it will generally be found that the heatls same subject. I ask also to haYe inserted in the RECORD two of the local organizations are among the busiest men in their various or three other statements and letters which I will furnish at a communities; that they are absolutely dependent upon telephone service for the successful conduct of their duties. The saving of time and later day. labor of these yolunteers and patriotic local committee men is essential The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so orllered; and important, and in the agg1·egate means immense value in time and '.rhe matter referred to is as follo·ws: labor. . .. . - At first thought it wouhl appear that the installation charges under UNITED STATES SENAT!l, order No. 1931 would merely eurtall any further ·development or con- WaBhington, November 20. 1918. • struction of telephone facilltfes, but it is well to consider the telephone MY DllAR Srn : I am writing you in regard to tbe existing embargo business and the number of changes that 11re made in telephone sub on raw cotton. The embargo was originally authorized with the dis scribers each year. As stated above the new service connections made tinct understanding that it was to be used in order to hinder the ship by the Northwestern ·Telephone Exchange Co. for the year 1917 W<'re ment of supplies, eHher directly or indirectly, to our enemies. This 42,350. The Northwestern Co. do not operate half of the total number purpose and object must, of course, be justified by eve.ry loyal citizen. of telephont>s within the State of Minnesota nnd carrying that As the So long as a technical state of war continues between the United average would mean that over 8u,OOO installations were made in the States and the central powers there can be no objection on the part State during the year 1917. · of the cotton farmers or their friends to the continued application of According to the testimony of the telephone companies at said heai'· the embargo to cotton shipments which might find their way into the lugs there is a gain of one subscriber for every six or seven installations ; hands of the enemy. The same objection does not apply, bowevet·, to in other words, that where there are six new Installations there are five the shipments of cotton destined either to the allies or destined in subscribers who discontinue the service. That is, out of the 85,000 In good faith to neutral countries. To prohibit or restrict the shipments stallations in the State of Minnesota for the year 1917 there would be of cotton to the allies or neutrals must· inevitably depress the price a gain to the companies of not over ten tbe present sea-;;on will be largely in excess of rcqt?irements fo! .the past <'ason. Uowevct·, during the present critical pet•Jod of transiti?n from The SECRETAr.Y. Concurrent resolution providin~ for the ad war to peace there is gt·eat stagnatio.n, and .it is v_c~y e~sentia! that journment of the t,,.o Houses of Congress ou this day at G everytbing possible be done to alleVIate th1s condition tmmediateir. o'clock. This is the season during which the producers of cotton harvest their The YICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present product. Their financial obligations become due during the fal~ s~son, nnd they must sell their product in order to cancel these ol.lhgatiOns. consideration of the concurrent resolution? With little movement for cotton, either they can not sell it.?r they a~e There bcillg no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider· compelled to Rcll it at a price which repres~J?tS gn~at s~cnfice. This the coucurrent resolution. condition ouches directly about 3,000,000 citizens of th1s country, as cotton is produced by a very large number of small producers and not Mr. BORAH. l\Ir. President, upon the passage of the con by a very s mall number of large producers, as in the case of ma.ny other current resolution I ask for the yeas and nays. commodities. 1f the cotton is sold at this season. at a sacnfice, the The :reas and nays were ordered. result is n loss to those who are least able to beat· It. It mu t also be borne in mind that un unsatisfactory price at this season of the year Mr. SMOOT. l\Ir. President, the concurrent resolution is not will result in a curtailment of production next year and in the conse debatable? quent reduction in the cotton available for clothing the world. More The VICE PRESIDENT. That is the opinion of the Chair. over the question involved concerns the Nation as a whole, and not merely the producers, since cotton in normal times fot·ms our most It is simply a resolution for an adjournment sine NAYS-18. Resolt·ed, That n committee of two Senators be appointed by the Vice President, to join a similar committee appointed by the House of Rep Borah Hale Knox Trammell resentatives, to wait upon the Pre ident of the United States and Brande gee Harding McKellar Watson inform him that the two llousesLhaving completed the business of the Calder Johnson, Cal. Mo es Weeks present session, are ready to aUJourn unless the President ba some Cummins Kellog-g He Po other communication to make to them. France Kenyon Spencer KOT \OTI:KG-37. The YICE PRESIDENT appointed Mr. 1\lARTIN" of TirO'inia and Mr. LODGE as the committee under the resolution. Bniru Guion Myers Smith, ~Iicb. Chnmberlain Hardwick New Smith, S.C. RETRENCHMENT OF WAn EXPENDITURES. Colt Hen«lerson Norris Sterling Curtis Hollis Owen Thomas 1\fr. l\IA.RTIN of Virginia, Mr. President, I have a communi Fall Johnson, S.Dak. Page Thompson FernaiU Jones, Wa h. Penrose Wadsworth. cation from the Secretary of War, which I will send to the de k Frelinghuysen Kirby Robimwn Williams and ask that it may be read. I will state that it is u communi Gerry Lenroot ~berman cation which I · am sure will interest every Senator and interest Goff ~IcLcn.n. Shield Gronna. 1\IcNary Smith, Ariz. the country. The armistice with Germany was signed on the lith day of November. Seven days elapsed between the sign So the concurrent re olution was agreed to. ing of the armistice and the letter of the Secretary of War. PRE'SE VTATIO::-. OF MEDALS. He addressed himself immediately to the very important and all-absorbing question of dispensing with war a'Q.vropriations Mr. PITT1\1Al~. I nsk unanimous con ent for the present con sideration of S.enate· joint resolution 186, which I report (No. andJreducing the expenditures of the Government, ard. in those his 611) favorably from the Naval Affairs Committee. B~fore 1 seven days which have elapsed, as shown by letter, he bus make the request L ask that the I'e{)o-rt and the joint resolution canceled contracts- which have saved· expenditures to the be read. amount of $1,336,800,818. I think it is a marvelous result that The SECRETARY. T.hc Senator from Nevada reports favorably ih seven days a billion and a third should have been saved from. from the Committee on Na\al Affairs-Senate joint.resolution 186, money that was appropriated for war purpo es.. I. b~lie\e all authorlzina- the Pre ident of the United States to cause to be the other departments of the Government are at work on the struck bro~ze mednls commemorating the winning of·the world's same line. and that- they will meet the· expectation of the war and the valor of. our. military, forces, and to distribute and .country. There nevel' was a . more unanimous sentiment in tho pre ent such meuals to the officers and men of our lund, sea,.and country than there is now that wa~: expenditures shall ceu e, nir forces. . and cease immediately. I ask that tbe communication from · the l\Ir. PITTMAN. I ask; also, that tho correspondence. with re Secretary of War may be read. ,.,ard to the joint resolution be read. The· VICE PRESIDENT. It will be read. The VICE FUESIDE.r\"'-T. Is--there. any objection? The. Chair The Secretary read ·as follows: hears none. WAR DEP.A.llTifE~~~ The Secretary r ad a&follows-: I Washington-, Novem.ber 18, 191 l\fy DEAB SENATO:C 1\:lA.RTIN : UNITED"STATES SirnA'l:E.;, COMMITTEE ON TERRITORIES, l. I am writing this letter because I'thinl~ as chairman of the No11-cm.ber til, 1918. Committee on Appro. priattons, it. is~ important that you should MY DEAn- Mir. PnESIDEXT: Tbe heroi<" servic('S ot our military forces know of the steps: so far taken by the War Department to cut upon the land, tlw ea·. and tiL the air have won the adm.ll'atl&n of the ! world nnd the undyi · grati'tllde of oppresSPd people. eye.rywhere. I down the expenditures af this department in view of the signinO' know that you, on bt>haU of the Amuican. peopl~, have an eager- desire I of'. the armistice, which brought about a cessation of hostilities to see that' a fitting te tlmonlal and DJemf'nto be presented .to each and T.hec armistice was-signed on the lith. of· November. Up to all of· these-Ameri"an beroe L kno:w- tbn.t you have in mmd and will suggest a suitable plan for th-e accompli hment of thi~:rpatriotle. purpose. and including to-day th~ \Var Department bas canceled. con Very sincerely, yours, , tracts in process of execution, effecting a total saving of $'40 r• KEY PITTMAN. ,900,818. The PRESIDENT, T..h~ · Whitt} IIott&e. · On contracts which, have heE'.n let but upon which no work had as Y.et been done, cancellations aggregate a snnng,o:f. $700,- TB»' WHITE HOUSE, 000,000. Wa8hington. 18 November, 19181 An order was made on the lith of November: cutting out all M7 DEAK Sn~ATOR: I talked with' tbe SecrPtary. ot_ War about this' re olution and finu that· hp a-pproves· as heartily.:: as I do. In. haste, overtime and Sunday work. The amount saved by this ord r Cordially and sincerely, . yours, aggregates about $2,900,000 a day. Woounow WILso~. The foregoing amounts are exclusive of cancellations in air lion. KEY PtTTMAN, United. Sta.te · fJcnate. craft production or in engineer.s~ In the Burenn. o.f Aircraft Production orders hnl'e been tele Mr. PITTl\D\.....~. At a committee meeting this morning the graphed ont stopping all production on a large number of items, matter wns- discussed, and I think I: ::rm at liberty to say that including. planes of various types, engines, parts, and. special it met no objection and was fa vorab.ly passed unanimously by. instruments, which aggregate, in the estimated saving, $225,- the committee. A."'· the commission to be constituted undex: the 000,000. joint resolution will have to prepare the necessary des1gnsl In addition to the foregoing, plans· have been made to begin and it will take-some time, I request _the present consideration the demobilization of.. the forces under arms-in this country and of the joint re~olution. to begin returning at once to the United States such portions of The VICE PRESIDENT. IS there objection? the armed forces· abroad as are not needed for the purpose of There being no objection, the joint resolution was considered occupying enemy territory. How rapidly it will be possible for as in Committe-e of the Whole. us at present to return soldiers from overseas can not be im The amendments were on page 1, line 7', to strike out the. mediately determined. The demobilization in this country, how. word " medal " and ins:ert " medals n ; and on page 2, line 2, e.ver, can proceed at once. Blanks have been distribute down as speedily and completely as possible the exh·aor REPORTS :FI:O:ll CO::\IMTTTEE 0~ CO~TINGENT EXPENSES. Federal Board for Yocational Euucation to .uccept gifts and l\lr. JO:l\TES of New Mexico. From the Committee to Amlit donations for specific purvo. ·e ; to tlJC Committee on Education anu Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate I report an The joint resolution ( S. J. Res. 187) providin~ for ~he fillin~ GOVERNMENT OF RUSSIA. of a vacancy in the Board of Regents of the Sm1thsom.an Insti Mr. KING submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 347), tution of the class other than Members of Congress was read which was read and referred to the Commmittee on Foreign the first time by its title and the second time at length, as Relations: follows: Whereas after more than four years of unprecedented struggle at arms, Resolv ed, etc., That the vacancy in the Board of Regents of the with the unmeasured spending of blood and treasure, the allled Gov Smithsonian Institution of the class other than Members of Congress.z. ernments and tbe United States have triumphed over the autocratic, by reason of the death of the Ron. Charles Warren Fairbanks, o:r reactionary, and militaristic forces of the central empires ; and Indiana, be filled by the appointment of Robert S. Brookings, of Whereas the victorious powers are about to convene in council for the Missouri. purpose of establishing the terms of peace and, among other thing&-, The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there any objection to the pres for the purpose of determining the territorial boundaries of the nations. aml to join in a cuvenant whereby sald powers will jointly ent consideration of the joint resolution? and reciprocally acknowledge their several and rightful territorial There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of boundaries, and enter into such covcriants with respect to the national the Whole, proceeded to consider the joint resolution. . boundaries of each other as m11y be neeessary, and to ordain that the boundaries thus fixed by convention shall not be disturbed by war The joint resolution was reported to the Seml.te Without between nations ; and - amendment, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read Whereas Russia was the first of the nations engaged in the great the third time, and passed. struggle for liberty to interpose her arms against the unrighteous aggressions of Germany and Austria, and battled with heroism, forti CIVIL-SERVICE RE'ITREMENT. tude, and sacrifice for the cause of liberty, and in such cause sacri- ficed the lives of millions of. her sons ; and . • Jltlr. POMERENE submitted an amendment intended to be Whereas certain anarchists and enemies of society and law and order, proposed by him to the bill ( S. 4637) for the retirement of in the perfidious service of Germany, did usurp public property, and by their treason to Russia and the Russian people sought to destroy employees in the classified civil service, which was ordered to all forms of government and to subject Russia and her people to lie on the table and be printed. economic and political anarchy; and Whereas under the name of " Bolshevism " said persons have attempted THE CENSUS. to destroy all law and order and forms of government among the Russian people and tD break. Russian territory into a number of dis Jltfr. FRANCE submitted an amendment intended to be pro organized and impotent State~ 1 and under their disintegrating policy posed by him to the bill (H. R. 11984) to provide for the four Russia is threatened with parution into small and distracted nations, the result of which would be the progressive domination and sub teenth and subsequent decennial censuses, " 'tich was re jection of such States to Prussia in her future activities and develop fen·ed to the Committee on the Census and ordered to be ment; and printed. Whereas the great ma.sg of the Russian people. united in snlfcring, desire to establish the liberty of the people to live and to labor in peace THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. with security of their possessions and the rights of property and of 1\lr. SIMl\IONS submitted the following resolution (S. Res. contract wHh respect thereto; and Whereas to secure. these liberties, to prov,ide for the common d ef~nse, 342), which was referred to the Committee to Audit and Con and t o promote the welfare of Russia, the people of Russia desire to trol the Contingent Expenses of the Senate : establish democratic governments in the communities, cities, nnd Provinces, and to unite the Russian Provinces in a federal republic Resolved That Senate resolution 300, agreed to ou September wh±t!h shall aercise authority throughout the Russian domains and 11 1918, being a resolution authorizing the Committee on Finance ot make- of Russia a great independent political power among the nations, the United States Senate to employ an additional clerk, at the rate founded upon liberty and law, and the equal and common rights of of $1-50 per mouth, for a period lasting from September 14,. 1918, all men of whatever estate or station in life; and until the end of the present session of the Sixty-fifth Congress, to be Whereas it is necessary for the economic development and progress of gaid out of the miscellaneous items of the con~~ent fund of the Russia that she have: free access from the Black Sea to the Medi Senate, be, and the same is hereby, extended and connnued in full force terranean Sea through the Dardanelles and fl·om the Baltic Sea to and eJrect until the end of the Sixty-fifth Congress. the North Sea through the Kiel Canal, and for this purpose that Mr. JONES of New Mexico subsequently, from the Commit these waterways- should be internationaliz.ed; and Whereas for the protection of her ports and coasts, Russia must con tee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses -of tile Sen trol and dominate the Aland Islands and the Gulf of Finland, and ate, to which was referred the foregoing resolution, reported for these purposes possess the fortifications which command the Gull favorably thereon, and it was considered by unanimous con· of Finland ; and Whereas the integrity of the territories of Russia must be preserved for sent nnd agreed to. the accomplishment of her political and economic digntty and inde pendence, excepting only the territories which are inhabited by the EMPLOYMENI' OF ADDITIONAL CLERK. Finns and the Pofes ; and Whereas to save Russia from the menace of Prus~ian domination, limits Mr. POMERENE submitted the foHowing resolution ( S. Res. must be set to the Prussian power, and Prussian territory be com 841), which was referred to the Committee to Audit and Control .. pressed within the ViBtula, the Rhine, and the Kicl Canal ; and the Contingent Expenses of the Senate: Whereas it is imperative for the accomplishment of these principles tha.t Russia shall be represented and participate in the peace con Resolved, That Senate resolution 158, agreed to on Jauuary '28, ference; and 1918 being a resolution authorizing the Committee on Privileges and Whereas Russians who profess these principles have established a gov Elections of the United States Senate to employ an additional clerk at ernment which bas its seat at Omsk, which government is republican the rate of $100 per month, to be paid out of the miscellaneous items in form and- practice, and ts loyal to the treaties of Russia with the of the contingent fund of the Senate, for a period lasting untll the end entente powers, and is in harmony with the international policy of of the present session of the Congress, be. and the same is hereby, ex the United States and the entente po:wers: Now. therefore, be it tended and continued in full force and effect until the end of the Sixty fifth Congress. Resolved by the Se-nate of the United States, That the republican Government at Omsk should be recognized as the de facto Government Ml·. JONES of New Mexico, subsequently, from the Committee of Russia, and that delegates to be named by this Government should to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, be admitted to the peace conference, to speak for Russia and to prop erly rex;resent her tnterests and vif'WI:I in the <'onference; that steps be to which was referred the foregoing resolutio~ reported favor taken at the conf.erence to preserve and guarantee the territorial in· ably thereon, and it was considered by unanimous consent and tegrity of Russia, and to atl.'ord every Jlberty and facll\ty for thf' Rus agreed to. sian people by a constituent assembly to determint' and establish a future government for that country ; that to secure Russia's access to POTASH. rhe sea, the peace terms shall include the internationalization of the Dardanelles and the Kiel Canal and the restriction of the limits of Mr. HITCHCOCK submitted the following resolution (S. Res. Prussia to the Vistula on the Polish frontier so as to interpose an. 849), which was read and ordered to lie on the table: effectual barrier to Prussian interference with the political and Resolved, That the Federal Trade Commission be, and it is. hereby, economic indi!pendenee of Rnssia; and be it further directed to advise the Senate as soon as may be as to the number of Resolved, That tt be th. e sense of the Senate of the United States.! tons of potash salts imported into the United States and used by the that the Government of the United States and. the Governments OJ; fertilizer companies for each of the three years immediately ~receding the entente powers should take immediate measures to render finan· the war, and also the number of t{)W! purchased by the fertilizer com ctal and military aid to Russia, to overthrow bolshevist tyranny and panies of American product in the years 19~5. 1916, 1917, and up to anarchy to provide food and other material assistance for the people, the present time in 1918. and to assist the Russian people in bringing their country into economic ResoZvea further, That the Federal Trade Commission be directed to order and progress as a sound basis for the prosperity and independ make whatever investigation may be necessary to procure the above ence of the new federaL republic of Russia. information together with such mvestigation.s as may be necessary to advise the Senate as to the amount of crude potash already produced MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. 1n the United States during the present year and held in storage because of the failure or refusal of the fertilizer companies to purchase same. A message from the House of Representatives, by D. K.. Hemp Also, to make such investigation as may be necessary to advise the stead its enrolling clerk, announced that a committee of three Se.nate whether any combination or arrangement between the various fertilizer companies, or any of them. has been entered into tor the pur members of the House had been appointed to join a similar pose of restricting or avoiding the use of American potash in fertilizers committee from the Senate to wait upon the President of the manufactured during the present year, and what eft'ect~,. if any, upon the United States and inform him that the two Houses have com potash industries of the country such a combination ls oaving. Also, to advise the Senate as to the amount of crude potash of Ameri pleted the business of the preS'ent session and are ready to ad can prodnction now teld in storage without any available market. journ unless the President has some other communication to Also, what, if any, connectioQ, either corporate or Individual, exists make to them, and that the Speaker had appointed as the com between any or all of the fertilizer companies in the United States and potash interests in Germany and what If any, officials of the fertlllzer mittee on the part of the House Mr. KITcHIN, Mr. BYRNs of compnnles of the United Stares1 have pow.sh1 interests in Germany. Tennessee, and Mr. MoNDELLo = li610 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- · SENATE. · No\ El\1BER ·21,- EN ROLLED DILLS SIGNED. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair The mes s:~ ~e also announced that the Speaker of the House hears none, and it is so ordered. had signed the following enrolled bills, and they were there CO::IIMITTEE SERITCE. upon signe-d by the Vice President: H. R. 119-!5. An act to enable the Secretary of Agriculture On motion of l\lr. WARREN, it was to carry out, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, the Ordered, That the Senator from New Hampshire [1\fr. MosEs] purposes of the act entitled "An act to provide further for the be assigned to membership on the Committee on the Library national security and defense by stimulating agriculture and and the Committee on Printing. facilitating the distribution of agricultural products," and for SOLDIERS' RAILROAD P ASSENGER RATE S. other pu1~oses; and H. R. 12998. An act to amend. section 3528 of the Revised Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I ask that Senate resolution No. Statutes. 336, presented last Monday, be laid before the Senate. SHIP CONSTRUCTIO~. l\Ir. CUMMINS. 1\fr. President, before that is done I should 1\Ir. HARDING. 1\fr. President, I send to the desk a resolu like an opportunity to offer a concurrent resolution. 'Ve have tion, which I should like to have the Secretary read, because I not reached that order. want to ask the indulgence of the Senate for its immediate con The VICE PRESIDENT. We ha-\e not reached that order. sideration. 1\Ir. SMITH of Georgia. Of course I yield to the Senator from The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will read the reso lo\va. I only desire to bring before the Senate the resolution lution. to which I have referred. • The VICE PRESIDENT. It is impossible for the Chair to The resolution ( S. Res. 343) was read, as follows: know for what purpose a Senator arises. R esolv ed, That the United States Shipping Board and the Emergency Fleet Corporation be requested to furnish to the Senate Committee on 1\Ir. TRAMMELL. 1\lr. President-- Commerce a report of all existing contracts for ship construction, the The VICE PRESIDENT. Has the Senator from Flori JOINT CO:UMITTEES ON RECONSTRUCTION. (a) To wbnt extent. if any, sboulil our laws relating to trusts .and combinations be modified? Mr. CUMMINS. Mr. President, the resolution whic).l I am . (b) Wbat ·cooperation should be ·permitted in order to increase effi Ciency, reduce cost, and enable this country to successfully meet foreign about to o:ffer is a modification or enlargement of the re ~olution compeiition? presented some time ago by the Senator from Massachusetts (c) '.ro what extent shoula the Government undertake to control [1\fr. WEEKS], and generally termed "a plan for reconstruction." · _pricCB'? This -resolution-and I only make the obseiTation that I do in (ll) Government loans to wivate enterp.rises. (c) Government SU}Jervision of capital i.ssues. order to explain the reference I intend to add-this resolution, (f) The supply and contr.ol of raw materials and encouragement in which is a concurrent one, provides for the appointment of six the production of articles that have nat heretofore been manufactured joint congressional committees, each authorized to take into in this country. The fifth .of .said committees, ·which shall be known as the joint consideration for the -purposes of ·investigation the -problems cong.ree. ional committee ·on employers and employees, s.ball so investi which \Ve all know have arisen and will continue to arise for gate and .repot:t upon the following .matters, .to ·wit : some time to come. 'The Senator fl·(;m · North ·carolina [Mr. · (a~ Conciliation and arbitration in labor disputes. OVERMAN] ~b) The relation of men and women in similar employments. introduced a bill some time ago, which has been l"e veria. Substitution of iemale employees for mnle employees and vice ferred to the Judiciary ·Committee, 1-·rov:iding fol" the appoint ment by the President of a commission to make the investiga- , (d) The organization of ·perman~nt employment agencies. (e) The distribution of Jabor, including emplo,Pilent of surplus labor tion in the general way proposed in the resolution which I now on public works. offer. (f) The sanltary housing of employees and the d.i!lposition of houses The issue between the two plans is that up-on ·our side we pro- ; constrncted b.v the Governmflnt during i:he war. (g) The freedom of labor and of employment in Us relation to trade, pose a legislative inquiry, while under the hill introduced by the unionism, and wage , hours, and conditions of employment. ·Senator from North Carolina it is proposed to make an adminis- · The sixth of said committees, which shall .be kuown as the joint trative or executive inquiry. That is the issue. We ·all recog- · congressional committee upon natural resources, shall so investigate and report on the following m.a:tters, to wit: .nize that the work must be done, and the sooner we prepare · (a) The encouragement of private enterprise in the development <>f ourselves -for the settlement of that vital -puoposition the better the resources of the public domain. it will ·be for the country. I think it would be proper to refer (b) The tendency town:rd urban population and the best means of checking it, including the .r equirements for farm labor and the best this resolution under ordinary circumstances to the Committee means of securing it. . on Rules, ns 1t provides for the .creation of ·certain committees . (c) Government loans to farmers. of .more or less per.rp.anency ; but ina muCh as the bill intro- . (d) The distribution of food products. (e) Our timber pFoblems. duce<:l by the Senator 'from North Carolina .has been referred · (f) The adequate production and proper distribution of our mineral to t11e Committee on the Judiciary-and very propel"ly so-and : resources, including coal, petroleum, and otber fuels. inasmuch as the same general que tion is presented by ·both 1 (g) The development and control of water power. J)roposals, I ask, Mr. President, that the resolution be referred Each of said C?mmittees 1s empower~d to take up and examine any 1 other subject whtch, in the course of ~ts investigation, it finds to be to the Committee on the Judiciary. inseparably connected with the subjects herein assigned to it and which The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator ask -for the read- . ought to :be conslaered in view Qf the change from the activities of war ing of the resolution now? to the pursuits of peace. and especially the demobilization of war com missions, administrations, bureaus, and other civilian war agencies l\Ir. CUl\IMINS. No; I do not. I ask, however, that it be and the adjustment of the forces emploJed therein to private industry printed in the RECORD, and refereed . to the =Committee on the and commerct> under normal peace conditions. Judiciary. Each of sa.ld committees is authorized to employ su-c.b clerical as sistance as lt may deem necessary, including the services of experts, The rewlution was referred to the Committee on the l'udiciary, a~d. ma.y by -subcommittee or otherwise ~end for persons or papers. ad as follows: nnnt£ter oaths, and employ stt~.nograpbers, at a cost not to exceed $1 Concurrent resolution ( S. Con. Res. 25) to _provide for the appointment per p1·inted pagt>, to -report such ·bearings as may be had in connection of certain joint congressional committees on reconstruction. with any subjt> ct befort> it. Resolved by the Be-na.te (the House ·of Representatives concurring), Each of said committees may -sit during the sessions or r.ecesses of That there .are hereby created six committees, to be .known as the the Senate and Honse of Representatives. joint congressional commlttpes on reconstruction. Each of said com EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION. mittees shall be composed of iive ·Senators and five Representatives in Congress. The members of s.aid committees shall be selected as follows: Mr. KING submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 345). The Senators in the manner provided in the rules of the Senate for the selection of the standlng committees o:f the Senate and the Repre which was read and referred to the Committee on Commerce: sentatives 'in the manner provided in the :rules ·of the House for the 'Whereas by the act approved 'March 1, 1918, entitled ".An act to au .selection of the standing committees -of the House. .thorize and ell?-power the. !Uniteil States. S.b~pping Board Emergmcy The members of these committees shall be subject to change from ..Fleet Corporation to purcnase, lease, requtsltlon, or otherwise acquire time to time by the Senate and House, respectively, as are said ·standing and to sell or otherwise dispose of improvt>d or unimproved land' committees, and all vacancies shall be filled in the sam~ manner .as the houses, buildings, and for other purposes," an appropriation of ori~inal selections were made. $50,000,000 was made to meet the emergency re~1ring adequate The said committees shall make, respectively, investigations of the ~~dsing facilities ·in the -shipyards, which emergency as now passed; subjects hereinafter named and herein assipned to them, respectively,. and shall t•eport to Congress from time to time with such recommenda Whereas 1t is reported tha1: said United States 'Shipping 'Board Emer J:ions as to additional legislation or otherwise, as they, respectively, gency FleF.t Corporation is unneces arily expanding its housing may deem advisable. . • ~E~~~~tlsonu~~e~w sf~~re~~~e ~ed fs beginning new and unnecessary The first committee, which shall be known as the Joint Congressional 1 Committee upon the Demobilization of the Army and Navy, shall so R esolved. That the Unite.d States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet investigate and report upon the following matters, to wit: Corporation be directed to report to the ·Senai:t> a complete account of (a) The employment of dischar·ged -soldiers and sailors in civil its operations under said act. includibg a detaill.>d report of the ex pursuits. penditure at moneys, which shall spPclfically state the amount ex (b) The allotment of lands to returned soldiers and sailors and their pendPd for overhead expenses, what buildings and improvements have establishment In homes upon the public domain. been made, the sPparate cause of i:he same. what work is at present (c) All legislation which may be requiretl in the proper care for th(}se being done, and what plans have been formpd for further construction who have sutrered the dangers ot war, and especially those who have ·or for the further t>xpansion of -the activities {If said corporation under been disabled and whose ability to earn a livelihood bas been impaired. the said act; also what, if any, steps are bPing ,taken to change, modify, The second o1 the said committees, which shall be known as the or alter the program lor housing adopted by said corporation. Joint Congressional Committee upon Foreign Trade and Commerce, .shall so investigate and report upon the following matters, to wit : PUBCHASE OF .MILITARY SUPPLIES • (a) Duties on imports !or the protection and encouragement of home 1\Ir. (S. industry. KING submitted the following resolution Res. 346). b) The dt>velopment of new foreign markets. .which was read and refenred to the Committee on Military c) Comhina.Uons for the purpose of increasing our selUng .facilities. Affairs: d) Changes In our banking facilities necessary to cooperate ·with suchi trade. • ·Resolved That the Secretary of War transmit to ·the Senate the (e) Our merchan.t marine, including the construction of ships, the names of ail co.mmi£sioned ·officers in the Army and of all other persons continuance of Government ownership anil operation, and in general woo since the 6tfi day of .April, 1917, have been authorized by the with respect to the various •Pl'Oblems of transportation upon the high Wnr Dt>partment to purchase ordnan United 'rhe third of said committees, which shall be known as the joint States, and to inform the Senate as to wh.at jnterest. as shareholdPrs, congressional committee on interstate transportation, shall so investi partners, employees, o.r security holders. sn~h officer or ·persons may gate and :report upon the following matters, to wit : have, directly or indirectly, -so t'ar a8 the gecretary may be advised, in any corporation. company, 1partnersbip firm, or busin~ss which has (a) The permanent relation which the Government ol the United 1 States shoultl sustain to the common carriers of the country. bPen awarded · contracts for the furnis.bmg of ordnance, quartermaster, (b) Whether the systems of .transportation ,now in pos ession of and medical, or other supplies for the Military Establishment. being operated by the Government should be returned to thelr former EXPORTS OF COTTON. owners and operated as ht>'retofore, or whether Government uperation should continue with or without Government o:wnership ; or .if private JUr. SMITH of -Georgia. I ask that Senate resolution 836 ownership is to ·continue and ·private operation resumed, what -system be ·laid before-:the Senate. of regulation and control will be best adapted to secure efficiency in service, reasonable rates of transportation, and fairness to the capital The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before ,the Senate inve-sted. Senate resolution 336, coming over from a preceding day, which (c) The relation which should be established between inland water will he read. · .transportation and the railways, including the control of the 1o.rmer. (d) All questions relating to communication by ·Wire. The Secretary read i:be ,resolution, as ·follows-: ·The 'fourth of said committees, which ·shall be known as the joint W.hereaB .the ntlthorit:y to plnce a.n ~mbltl'go on exponts waB stricken .in congressional committee on domestic business, .s.baU so investigate and the United States Senate from the original bill tupon the ground 1·eport upon the following matters, to wit: · that the embargo might be used to depress the price of our products. l ' . . ' 11612 CONGRESSION \.L RECORD-SENATE. NoVEl\IBER · 2r1. ' but was subsequently restored upon the assurance that it would only be used to prevent products from reaching enemy countries; and Japan, an ally, was practically cut off from purchase; and Whereas the war is now practically over and no possible danger could Japan was in this position: India this year has raised the small arise from permitting cotton to go freely to Japan, Spain, Italy, est crop since she began to cultivate cotton, not more than France, Great Britain, Holland, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden: and enough for her own mills. Japan last year used 600,000 bales Whereas any restriction upon the exportation of cotton is a serious injury to the cotton grower, to the merchants, and business men of of ours. This year, because none can be obtained from India, one-fourth of the Union, in which cotton is the largest agricultural Japan will need a million bales; yet shipments of cotton to product, and to om· entire Nation, which depends so largely upon the sale of cotton abroad to care for our international balances, and Japan were greatly restricted. Even England and France re ufon the part the cotton-growing States contribute to the commerce ceived cotton with limitations of the privilege of shipment which o our entire country : Therefore be it handicapped sales of cotton. R csoZ-r;ed, That the War Trade Board is hereby directed to report, I am not criticizing the past. We were ready to stand much as early as possible, to the United States Senate to what extent the export of cotton is still being restricted, the reasons for such course, to whip the Germans, and it was such a glorious thing to whip and the time within which restrictions as to shipments will be removed them that we all stood it without complaint, and it was all right. and cotton permitted to be exported without further hindrance. I wish to consider the present. Mr. Sl\1ITH of Georgia. Mr. President, I regret that only l\Ir. KING. l\Ir. President, will the Senator yield? one-fourth . of our States produce lint cotton. If this great The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. AsHURST in the chair)'. national asset were distributed to all of the States, its value Does the Senator from Georgia yield to the Senator from Utah? would be more fully understood, and it \',-onld always find friends l\Ir. Sl\IITH of Georgia. I do. everywhere. Our country has almost a monopoly in the pro Mr. KING. Would it not be fair in this connection for the duction of the character of lint cotton needed to cloth<' the Senator to state that there was an insufficiency of shipping, world. It is our great national asset. It furnishes employment and that perhaps the refusal of the license was based upon the to more of our citizens than any other commodity. inadequacy of bottoms in which to ship the products? On the 28th of Ortober I brought to the attention of the Sen Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Not at all. Japan had her ships. ate the fact that during the early part of September lint cotton That did not have anything to do with shipping to Japan. was selling at from 38 to 39 cents a pound. 'Vhat I mean is Mr. KING. Is it not a fact that the Japanese ships were em that the farmer drove to his near-by town with his cotton and ployed elsewhere for the shipping of food and munitions, and readily had a market at from 38 to 39 cents. I also at that time that there was a shortage of bottoms upon her part? demonstrated to the Senate that cotton this year cost the cotton 1\lr. Sl\IITII of Georgia. I do not think that was the con farmer approximately 35 cents a pound to produce it. At that trolling consideration in the Japanese matter. It certainly was time I also called attention to the fact that the War Industries not in the Spanish situation. But, as I said, I am not criticiz Board, when cotton was selling at 38 cents a pound, took hold ing the past. I am making a statement for certain conclusions of cotton, -appointed committees, threatened an effort to fix: that I intend to present, because to-day I shall praise the War prices or to stabilize prices, and created such uncertainty in the Trade Board for what it did yesterday. market that buyers suspen~ed purchases, and the market price Mr. FLETCHER. Mr. President-- was hammered down 8 cents a pmmd, a total of $450,000,000 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Georgia on the entire crop. yield to the Senator from Florida? At last, a few days ago, these special boards appointed by the Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I do. War Industries Board found and declared they had no authority Mr. FLETCHER. May I suggest to t.he Senator, if we had to fix a price, no power to maintain a price, no control what tonnage enough to import 80,000 bales from ~gypt, why was ever over it, and that there was no necessity for interference. there not tonnage enough to export it? They practically found what I stated to the Senate on the 28th of October-that the price at which cotton was selling in the 1\fr. S~HTH of Georgia. The War Trade Board liberally al· early part of September was but a fair price compared with the lowed long-staple cotton to come in from Egypt while it sup. cost of production and the relati>e prices of agricultural com pressed the export of American short-staple cotton. moditie throughout the United States. But the price had been Mr. REED. Mr. President, is it not perfectly plain that i:t broken and did not rally. there had been no ships to haul the cotton it would not haYe Then, Mr. President, we looked around, and what did we been necessary to make any embargo, and therefore the em fincl? Those of us who have studied this question understand bargo was made for the purpose of stopping the shipments? that GO per cent of the cotton crop is used by foreign mills. To l\Ir. SMITH of Georgia. As the Senator suggests, there would reach a market it must be exported. England, before the war, have been no necessity to restrict licenses for shipments if the used of it 3.250,000 bales a year; France, a million to· a million ships were not there to haul it. The restrictions reached to and a half bales. Over half the crop goes abroad for its mar prohibiting purchase and accumulation of cotton for foreign ket. About half is consumed by American mills. account. What did we find? It will be recalled that the power of em Mr. President, an investigation discloses the fact .that Japan bargo on exports was granted by us for military purposes. The now can take a million bales of our cotton, and that they want Senate rejected it when it was first before the Senate upon the i~ and need it. Spain can take 600,000 bales. They want it; ground that we recogni7.ed the .danger of giving such a power they need It. to Presidents or committees or anybody in OUl' country. We France can use a million bales and spin it before the next rejected it for fear that it would be used to depress the prices of crop comes to market. This is agree.able news, because it has American products. We finally agreed to the embargo provision only recently been learned on this side that about half the cot on exports that it might be used to exclude supplies from Ger ton mills in northern France and Alsace-Lorraine, supposed to many. The President placed cotton in the embargo list, and have been wrecked, are still in shape for immediate use. Italy exports could only be made under license from the War Trade needs and wlll use 600,000 bales. I have just stated that Board. The regulations with reference to license that were France can use approximately a million bales. Great Britain establi bed by the War Trade Board during the past few months used last year 2,250,000 bales, and is prepared this year to take almost amounted to a suppression of exportation. Five hun 3,250,000. Sweden was allotted 65,000 bales for the year. dred thousand bales of cotton were piled up in the ports. Sweden is asking for 100,000 bales. Holland was allotted none, Licenses were not issued for its exportation and the foreign and Denmark none. Hol1and needs 100,000 bales and Denmark market was greatly restricted. · and Norway 100,000. This year's exports, if an opportunity I recall with pleasure--yes, with pride--the criticism I placed is given for cotton to move, will exceed 6,500,000 bales. upon granting power to anyone to use the embargo against the ' l\Ir. THOMAS. Mr. President-- exportation Qf American products. I made that criticism at the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from time this measure was first pending before the Senate, and the Georgia yield to the Senator from Colorado? Senate struck out the privilege. Subsequently, we were assured - Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Yes. in executive session that it would be used only to keep com Mr. THOMAS. The embargoes to which the Senator refers modities from reaching enemy countries, and that it was essen have not been limited to cotton. They have included other tial to help whip the Germans. Well, now the Germans are articles of merchandise which are produced in America. But whipped. The real question with Germany is whether she has what I rose for was to suggest this: strength enough to sustain a government at all. It is impossible The war is over, if we are to judge froin the fact that hos· for thetn to raise an army of resistance against the allies; and tilities are suspended. Belgium is absolutely prostrate, and so yet what was the situation with reference to cotton exportation? is northeastern France. These peop1e need all of the bui1ding I will give an illustration. material, all of the iron and steel for the reconstruction of the Spain was rationed at 35,000 bales of cotton each month. manufactures which have absolutely disappeared from the face This must be distributed among Spanish dealers; various grades of the earth. Indeed, they need ·every material thing which of cotton must be taken by each; and no purchases could be ma'de is essential to th~ rehabilitation of the people, and they have except upon proof that sales had also 'been made abroad, and no got to get it from the United States. Now, I ask the Senator purchases could be made for accumulation. whether he thinks that priority should be given for cotton or t' J 1 1918 .. · · ;~ CONGR.ESSIQNAL R.ECOllD-SEN.A.. TE. 11613 for anything else until these absolute essentials are supplioo I desire to call attention to the letter written by the dis· to the people of tho e suffering counh·ies? tribution board of the War Industries Board to the chairman 1\Ir. Sl\.IITH of Georgia. Mr. President, I answer the Senator of the War Trade Board dated November 16. This letter pre that next to food clothing is necessary, and for clothing cotton sents so powerfully the necessity for permitting cotton to be is an essential. The operation of the cotton mills in northern exported without restriction I will read it. I wish to thank the France and in Holland and in Denmark will furnish work for cotton distribution committee for writing the letter and to their people and clothing for their people and contribute as publicly say I believe they nre doing all in their power to greatly to the rehabilitation of those countries as any industry broaden tl1e cotton market. within them. l'!"'urthermore, I am not asking for priority of 1358 B STREET SW., ROOM 521, shipments as to cotton. I ask that the ships of those nations Novembet· 16, 1918. ready and desirous of hauling cotton shall not be forbidden from Hon. VAxcE C. l\IcCORMICK, taking it. Ohairmat~ War Tf·ade Board, Washington, D. 0. DEAR Sm : Reference is made to the telegram which you received to 1\lr. THOUAS. Mr. President, there is no question but that day from New Orleans, signed by more than 50 cotton dealers in that what the people of those countries need directly is food and market, and to a request from your board that the committee on cot clothing, but the Senator is entirely in error when he says that ton dist ribution make recommendations relative to the subject matter the mills of Belgium and nortilern France can immediately pro of this telegram. I have received a similar telegram. · '.rhe need for cotton by our allies, the neutrals, and the central powers ceed to the manufacture of cotton. · There are no mills there. is very great. Many of their spindles are idle. We are preparing to The Germans have swept the country like a besom of destruc furnish them food. Along with food they must have work to do, and tion. it is necessary to this end that they have raw materials which they may work up into manufactured products. Further, the cessation or. 1\lr. SMITH of Georgia. The Senator did not hear my state hostilities will release additional labor for their mills. The stocks of ment on that subject. raw cotton in Europe are very greatly depleted, little reserve stocl~ being left on band. The representatives of foreign nations with whom Mr. THOMAS. No; I did not. we have conferred have recognized and stated very frankly their great 1\lr. SMITH of Georgia. I did not say mills were ready in nee~ for cotton. They are ready to buy both to replenish their reserve Belgium, but I stated that one-half the cotton mills of northern stocks and to operate their machinery. France, Alsace, and Lorraine are stiU in condition for immediate With the coming of peace, through the operation of numerous fac· tors, such; for instance, as the release of tonnage from war activities, usc. This definite information has been received by the com the stoppage of sinkings by submarines, the building of new tonnage{ n:ittee on cotton distribution of the War Industries Board within and the release of neutrnl and enemy country tonnage, a great dea tLe past few days. of additional tonnage will become available for commerce. With the keen need that is felt for cotton, there is no doubt that a suiJstantial 1\lr. THOMAS. That may be, but Belgium has none. Now, part of this tonnage will be used for carrying this staple. If the ex if these people need clothing-and they do--we should manu portation of cotton is facilitated through the ready issuance of export facture the clothing, or the cloth for the clothing, and send it licenses and otherwise, it is altogether likely tba t eTen tramp steamers to them ; but for one I shall insist that the present condition of will carry it over from this country. trade and the power of the War _Trade Board shall continue * * * * * * * until the people of those suffering countries shall receive those There is no donut, of course, due to conditions already pointed out. that the requirements of the world for the present season will be things which are absolutely essential for their commercial and largely in excess of requirements for the past season. Howe>er, dur industrial rehabilitation. ing the present critical P.eriod of transition from war to peace there is great stagnation, and 1t is very essential that everything possible be Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Why, 1\lr. President, it is absolutely done to alleviate this condition immediately. This is the season dur esser.tial for their commercial rehabilitation that they be given ing which the producers of cotton harvest theit· product. Their finan ~-chance to go to work. They can spin and weave much clothing cial obligations become due during the fall season, and they must sell their product ln order to cancel these obligations. Wi_th little move for tbemselves. The ships are ample. There is na difficulty ment for cotton, either they can not sell lt or they are compelled to r.bout transportation. We will bring back our soldiers and sell it at a price which represents great sacrifice. This condition send over supplies. And you give them a chance to go to work touches directly about 3,000,000 citizens of this country, as cotton is produced by a -very large nulliber of small producers, and not by a when you give them the ra.w material with which to work. very small number of large producers, as In the case of many other Now, J\!r. President, I come to n pleasanter part of my ta~l' commodities. If the cotton is sold at this season at a sacrifice, the of to-day. At first the Cotton Distribution Board of the W:•1· result is a loss to those who are least able to bear it. It must also Industries Board seriously injured the cotton grower, some of he borne in mind that an unsatisfactory price at this season of the :rear will result in a curtailment of production next year and in the the board hardly understood the situation ; but they nil realize consequent reduction in the cotton available for clothing the world. conditions as they are now, and to-day they have furnished a Moreover, the question involved concerns the Nation as a whole, and not merely the producers, since cotton in normal times forms our most letter to the War Trade Board which I desire to present to the important article of export. Senate. Before doing so, I will read from a telegram sent to In view of the conditions outlined above, it is recommended that the 'Var Industries :Board from New Orleans, signed by 50 of all possible steps be taken to facilitate the exportation of cotton, and the largest cotton merchants o:!' that section. that, .so far as is consistent with sound public policy, limitations or restrictions upon the granting of licenses shall he removed. Particu I will read the telegram : larly with reference to Great Britain, France, Italy, Belgium. Spain, NEw ORLEANS, Not·embc1· 14, 1918. Portugal, and Japan, it appears that a very generous policy as regards export licenses ought to be adopted. With reference to. Holland, Den Bernard M. Baruch, Chairman War Industries Board, Washington, D. C. mark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. it is recommended that until Charles J. Brand, Chairman Cotton Distribution Committee, United the allies and the United States have in their hands guaranties of the States War Industries Board, Washington, D. C. acceptance by Germany of the armistice terms exportations be allowed E. T. Pickard, Bureau of Exports, War Trade Board, Washington, D. C. under· licenses on the basis of their prewar consumption or in accord In view of the statement issued by Chairman Brand, of the cotton ance with the trade agreements now in force with these countries. In distribution committee, that the world's requirements of cotton will be any eyent, it is our opinion that these neutrals should be permitted at on a continuously ascending scale, and that exports will probably be least to buy and store in this cvuntry the quantity of cotton due them 2,000,000 bales more than last year, we respectfully suggest that an under the present trade agreements. After the guaranties required or effective method of steadying the cotton market would be to remove Germany under the armistice terms are in our hands, we are of the aJI export re&trictions and that you use your good offices to that end. opinlon ·that exports of cotton to neutral groups should be permitted Prominent cotton exporters state that they have on band large orders on substantially the same terms as cxpor.ts to our allies. for cotton from practically every neutral country in Europe, but that If the movement of cotton is to be restrain.ed, in view of the coming these orders can not be filled, because export licenses can not be secured peace conference, some steps must be taken to avert the immediate dis except under difficulty and delay. Now that the need of shipping men aster which threatens the cotton-producing sections of the United and munitions for war purposes no longer exists, we feel that the cotton States and the impending misfortune to the Nation at large and the interests of the country may justly request that a larger share of ton rest of the world through the enforced curtailment in the production nage be made immediately available by the Government for cotton ex of cotton next season. ports. We are firmly of the opinion that if such action as outlined Very truly, yours, CHARLES J. BRAND, Ohairntall. were taken that the market would at once feel the stimulating effects of a general spot demand. You will observe that these restrictions went to such an M. Levy & Sons ; C. A. Francis & Co. ; S. Gumbel & Co. extent that neutrals could not buy and store cotton in the United (Ltd.) ; John M. Parker Co.; H. R. Qould & Co.; Her man Loeb; Norman Mayer & Co.; Jevite Cau; A. M. States. The foreign world was cut out of th~ market practically West, Agent ; Geo. N. McFadden Bros. Agency ; Herr both for export, for purchase, or for storage, except as the man_ & Wolf; C. F. Witherspoon & Sons; Well & Walshe; different countries were rationed. N. W. Sloan Co.; Frank B. Nayne; Dodson & Williams; The Buckworth Co.; J. J. Lowrey & Co.; Lehman Stern Mr. President, I have just read a letter that is gratifying to & Co. (Ltd.); Esteve Bros. & Co.; J. L. Newcomb; me. Now, let me state that with to-day a change comes. The A. J. Ingersoll & Co.; JuUus Weis & Co.; A. W. Mc War Trade Board has pulled down within the past 24 hours Lellan, president Alden Mills; Wilson, Nabers & Pape (Inc.) ; Kahn's Pickery; S. N. Kahn; E. N. McGlassen, nearly all these restrictions. They have pulled down the re· Agent Southern Products Co.; Pferdmenges Preyer & strictions as to our allies. . They have practically pulled them Co.; Wm. T. Wardle & Co.; Richardson & l\Iay Land down as to Spain. They have modified them everywhere and & Planting Co. (Ltd.); L. Blum & Co.; Silvan New burger & Co.; W. J. Davis & Co.; Shepard & Gluck; only retained them so far as it is still essential in connection Muckle & Woodfin; B~ntley Joynson & Co. ; Mason Smith with the terms of the armistice to enforce the blockade against & Co.; Coate Bros.; R. B. Eskrlgge & Co.; E. S. Stabcl Germany and Austria, and as soon as that is no longer necessary & Co.; Goold & Co., by N. N. Lawler; W. B. Thompson & Co.; John F. Clark & Co.; Minoprlo & Co.; flubbell as an ·incident to the armistice I am sure these restrictions Slack & Co.; Weatherford, Crump & Co. also will come down. 11614 CONGRESSION.AL -RECORD-;t-.SENATE. N OVE:MBER 2l, - I will read the letter delivered thi morning to ~1r. Brand, criticizing it. To use the ordinary street expression I do not written by Mr. Vance McCormick, chairman of the War Trade believe in throwing a monkey wrench into the maclunery in Board, as a result of the action of the Trades Board: order to have the plea ure of witnessing the destruction it NOVEMBER 20, 1918. works. ~his is especially true of the Republican Party, be 1\!r. CHA.RLl'ls .J_ B•.:.um. cause havmg alway been the party of aggression and the party Ohatnnan Committee on Cotton Di.stt"\1Jtltion, ?f construction it ill comports with its character to take upon War Industries Board, Wa.shington, D. 0. Itself a campaign of mere criticism for the purpose of ob DEAR Sm : We teg to acknowledge receipt of your letters of Novem ber lG and November 1!>, referring to the exportation of cotton. We struction. al o confirm our under tanding of the recommendations which we have But while this is ·true generally it is also true that to gloss adopted, agreed to at the ~.:onference with your committee and Senator HoKE SMITII yesterday evening, as follows : over errors and to conce:.tl mistakes may be in the long run just We are withdrawing the regulation requiring that for securing an as destructive a eyen to point out errors which do not e::~..'ist export licen e the grade and staple be specified, and other requit·ements because if mistakes and if errors of a vital character are con: which were adopted some weeks ago and published in the War T.rade Bon['(} regulation effective October 14. cealed they may in the end become festering sores that will We are also withdrn.wing the requirements for spedfic export licenses require more drastic methods to remove. Therefore whene\er to Great Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, and .Japan. a Senator sees an adminisb-ation's mistakes it becomes as I In regard to shipments of cotton to Spain, we are withdrawing tbe n>gulation whereby th.e quantity which should be shipped to Spain was conceive it, his solemn duty to point ont those mi tak~ for limited and allotted among our various shippers. the consideration of his fellow Senators and for the benefit of We are advising the representatives here of the Euronean neutral the country at large. It ls for that purpose that I rise to speak countries with which we have entered into agreements that they may on this occasion. purchase their entire annual requirements. Wf' have consulted with the representntives of the countries above Last week the pre s informed us that the President of the mentioned, as ociated with us In the war, and notwithstanding consid United States by proper proclamation had taken over under erahl~ inconvenienee in administration is caused by our acting quickly. We have received their hearty cooperation. governmental control and operation the expres companies of Yours, very truly, the Nation. The President did not assign us any rea on for that Inclosure. VANCJC C. McCoRMic~ ~ction, and therefore we are left to the broad field of con You will observe there has !)een a restriction as to the Jecture as to why he did it. It is quite true that we are safe quantity that could be purchased here. No matter how de in a suming that tJJe action was taken under the act of Con sirous foreign cotton merchants might have been to purchase gre s passed in 1916, by which the President was empowered their year's supply they had not the right, they were limitea, to take over all the transportation systems of the countl~y and they were restricted in quantity. Most of the restrictions ham it is safe to assume that in this act he regarded the ex-Press pering exports and depressing prices ended to-day. companies of the Nation as a part of the transportation sy tern I desire, Mr. President, to say that I have no doubt these of ~e cou.ntry. With that conclusion I have no quarrel; but restrictions, these suppressive restrictions as an incident to the it 1s paSl mg strange, Senators, that 11620 CONGR.ESSIO:N AL R.ECORD-SENATE . .. NoVE~mER 21 ' opera tlon in advance, and atrord an opportunity to . say that they . do s~ggestion and .request that was made by this Government official or not believe their own arguments. If they honestly believed their hts repre entatlve stationed in our cable office nt New York was claims of profits they would neglect no opportunity of proving theJD. pr o mptl~ complied with in eyery }?articular. In addition, a most rigid A claim to public support on the basis of blessings provided by taxes in censorship was established, m which the company heartily cooperated. fact, and concealed by juggling accounts. can not be allowed except by In fact! ~he Commercial Cable Co. has been complimented by American those who are deceived, and lik~ it. and British Government authorities for the splendid service they gave. In ~nada, Newfoundland, Great Britain, and France, censorship under MACKAY Sl:iSrECTS MOTIVE-SEES IN CADLE SEIZURE "A MARCil TOWARD the duection of those Governments has also been in force for over fout· GOVER~liiENT OWNERSHIP-." years. Clarence II. 1\Ia<'kay, president of the Postal Telegraph Co. and the " There is n<'t .a quarter ~f the need of close control of the cable sys Commercial Cah!e Co. yesterday reiterated his belief that governmental tems now or durmg the periOd of readjustment as there was during the control of the cables would be unwise at this juncture, and said the war itself, because during that time there was a vast quantity of war contemplated seizure of the cables apP.enred to be " a preliminary march ne~s which is now quickly subsiding since the armistice was declared. toward Government ownership." The cables bad not actually been Mr. Burleson, of course, is not a practical .cable man and knows· taken over by the Government at a late hom· last night. absolute!~ nothing about that line of business and his reasoni.n"' is "The proposed action is incomprehensible to me," said ·Mr. Mackay. not convmcing. He is all wrong. ' "' " The very vastness of the proposition is staggering. For illustration, . ·:Mr. _Burleson says he bas other reasons. I fear that the chief one we have a cable 10,000 miles long, from San Francisco to China, Japan, 1s mcipient Government ownership." and 1\Ianila. What could the Go,-ernment do with that'/ The Central & South American Cable Co. has cables from New York through the Panama Canal and away down the west shore of South America and MUST RUN C4BLES, BCRLESON STATES--XEYEil A 'l'n.rE 1.:-l THE WAR across the mountains to the Argentine Republic. What could the Go> THAT CALLED FOR SUCH A CLOSE CO!'lTROL, HEJ SAYS--WITUIIOLDS ernment do with that, and why should it want it'/ SOl\iE REASOXS--NEF.D OF ADJUSTIXG TRAFFIC SET FOUTII--l\!ACKAY " Then there is the Atlantic ~>ystem of 17 transatlantic cable~. which ISSUES A ST-'.TEMENT IN REPLY. the Government proposes to take over, six of which are British-owned nnd are merely leased to the Western Union. Who knows but that [Special to the New York Times.] eerious complications might arise in connection with these foreign-owned WASHIXGTON, 1\'ot·embc~· 19, 1~18. cables? Postmaster General Burleson issued a statement to-day giving as one "All the cables are now worked to their utmost speed, and by the of the reasons for takin~ over the control of the marine cables that most expert management, and it is simply impossible to get anything "there. never was a time m the history of this war, fot· which the joint more out of them. If we stUl bad tbr ~:! or four years of war before us r~solubon (the Aswell resolution) was passed, giving the President the there might be some sense in the Gov \.1 nment exercising some degree of r~gbt to control the wire and cable systems, which called for such a supervision over the handling of these vast cable systems, but every close control of the cable system as to-day and will continue during the body believes that the terms of peace will be worked out within two, period of readjustment.'' at most three, months. and, furthermore, the Navy Department bas The Postmaster General added that there were "many other rea been exercising censorship, and -is continuing to do so. Why, then, does sons " for taking over the cables which had been sugge ted by tha the Government want to seize these cables for such a short time? experience thus far in Government control, but he would not detail "It will merely disorganize the systems," continued Mr.- Mackay, "and them at this time. undoubtedly will be a heavy expense to the Government. No good can No statement was issued conceming the compensation to be awarded come of it. Apparently the proposition is merely the reverberation of the Postal Telegraph Co., but experts were working on the problem the action of the Government in taking over the land telegraph lines to-day, and it is said the figures will he fortllcoming to-morrow. on August 1, 1918, when the war was in full swing. That emergency has now passed, and there is no reason for the Government to seize lo;:; statement by the Postmaster General concerning the caulcs fol· these vast cable systems. . "There is certainly no element of 'national security and defense' in '' Ori.,.inally the cable systems were organized and operated inde· taking over these cables now, when the war is over, and yet that was the pendentlY of the land-line systems. The transmission of messages com sole purpose of the joint resolution under which the Postmaster General menced and ended at the termini of the cables and the communications Js to take over these cables. Moreover, it has been intimated to me destined to points beyond the terminal were physically transferred to that there is serious doubts if the courts would uphold the action of the other lines. To-day the transmission is continuous for land and cable Government In seizing these cable systems under the war power after lines. The distance of continuous transmission is bounded neither by ~tn armistice bas been entered into. The whole move would appear to continents nor oceans. be a preliminary march toward Government ownership." FOR A CO~TIXCOlJS CinCUIT. Inquiry at the offices of the Western Union and the Commercial Cable Co. brought assertions that both companies were fast catching up with "Effective communication, therefore, demnnds intimate relations the accumulation of messages piled up when the cable staffs were de under which a continuous circuit can be estnblished, not from one pleted by Influenza. According to William J. Deegan. secretary of the terminal to another, and so far as authorized under the joint resolu Mackay Co., a holding corporation which directs the Commercial Cable tion from destination to destination. 'The· effectiveness of the service Co.i this organization is operating its full equipment of five Atlantic is dependent upon the extent of the common control of circuits which cab es at maximum. Mr. Deegan said that last week, in addition to a should be to the furthest point possible. reduced cable force. trouble with the land wires at both ends of the "This necessity of continuity and common control hetween land and cables had hampered prompt transmission. All causes contributory to cable lines is most conclusively shown by tbe fact that each of our delay, however, were now removed, he said, and messages were going telegraph systems have their independent cable systems. forward as fast as otrered. " The Mackay Co., originally a cable system, finding that the land In speaking of the capacity of the five cables which his company is lines were indispensable to the cable system, constructed a land ·vs- ·employing Mr. Deegan said each cable was capable of carrying 180 tem to make more efiectl>e its cnble system. • letters a minute, or an average of 30 words a minute. These cables, " The Western Union, while or~anized primarily as n land companv, operated continuously for 24 hours, would permit the transmission of although there were large cable facilities working in connection with 216,000 words. Speaking of the special cable which the company had it belonging to other companies, yet for its own interest was forced reserved for the use of the Government in connection with the peace into constructing and otherwise obtaining etrectual control of the trans conference, a cablf' which will estabUsh a direct connection between Atlantic cable companies which bad heretofore been independent'- but the State Department and the American embassy in Paris, Mr. Deegan which worked in connection with the Western Union nnd wbicb dla not said that tbls ca.ble line also '\\' ould be used for commercial purposes &;~~~!st:.o o~ work in connection with the CommeccJnl or Mackay during the lnterva]s when the Government was not employing it. It was stated that the Western Union cable system between thls "'l'he other cable companies through their contractural relations, country and Europ~ consisted of eight cables, each of approximately became more or le~s a pnrt of tbe telegraph system so far ns transmis the same capacity as the Commet·c.lal Co.'s linea. A statement that sion and continuity were concerned, and their operation in this way 11everal of the Western Union cables were out of use because of a was made as e1l'ecti ve as It would be through own~rshlp or common break in midocean could not be officially confirmed through Newcomb control. Carlton, president of the company. It was enid, however, that the "There never was a time in the hi tory of tills war for which this WeRtern Union was experiencing no difficulty in handling transmission ; . joint resolution was passed giving the President the right to control that the situation was now good and would continue to improve. In the wire and cable systems which called for such a close control of the ~;upport of its ability to bundle business the Western Union announced cable sy tern as to-day and will continue during the period of read · restoration of its trans-Atlantic service, but added that accepted mes justment. The absolute necessity of unint errupted, continuous com sages would, perhaps, be subjected to slight delay. munication should be apparent to all. The Postmast<'r General ls now operating all the telegraph and telephone llncs .in one system. ADJIJSTlU::~T OF TRAFFIC. MACKAY REPLIES TO Bl:iRLESON--THINKS THE REAL REASO~ FOR C~DLE SEIZURE IS !:\TENDED GOVERXMENT OWNERSHIP. "The recent breakdown in connection with one of the cable syst ms · Clarence H. Mackay, president of the Postal Telegraph-Commercial has demonstrated the absolute necessity of being able to utlliz:e at will Cable Cos .. commenting on the statement of Postmaster General Burle· the facilities of either cable system wltll all of the land-line systems, in 10n regarding his reasons for taking control of the cable lines, said last order that traffic may be adjusted in the same hands as it is on the lnnll :Bight: lines. "I fail to see the point of l\Ir. Burelson's argument. The land-line •· There are many otbf'r reasons fot· taking over the cables, which system.s arc theoreti;!ally in the hands of the Postmaster General, but have been suggested by the expf'rience so far In Government control or practlcaiJy they are operated by. the two telegraph companies exactly land lines, but I only think it neces ary to state the d tcrmining the same as they were before the Postmaster General took them over. factors.'' . Mr. Burleson fails to point out bow any more traffic can be sent over the Solicitor Lamar of the Post Office Depat·tment, who has been ve1-y ocean cables than nnder present control. Those cables already are active· in the late step by the GovernmPut, woulcl answet· no questions of any character, preserving a silence that at the very least could be ~~~r~~e~ at3d t~~~h~I g:g:gf:J. b~~~er~~~\ E';le~r~d~;~a~j~~~\v~~~e~~ kaid to be discreet. He would not even say whether the amount of com Union cable system caused the cable lmsiness to go by the Commercial pensation for the Postal Telegraph Co. would be made known to Cable Co.'s cable, and its facilities were overtaxed. But how could Mr. morrow. Burleson have added to their caoacitr during that interruption'? The It was stated elsewhere in the department that the figures would cable business flowed to the Com-merc1al Cable Co. from both telegraph be pubUshed. It was learned also that the departm<'nt had been companies because the Western Union land-line system, being deprived studiously at work delving into the figures which the Postal supplied of its cable connection, turned over the business to the Commercial to the Interstate Commerce Commission. The depat·tment appears Cable Co., or its patrons did so, which is the same .thing. confident that the company's compensation will be regarded as sufficient "Ever since the United States entered the war the American ends when the facts are known. of the cables have been under the control of Government officials as One of the officials of the Mackay Cable Co. was notified Saturday efrecti>ely as any control could be. They have been under the control that the Government intended taking over the cables, and a ·copy of the Of the Director of Naval Communications, and not a single thing per President's proclamation was ha.nded to him at that timl', "before you taining to the operation of the lines or the facility with which cable newspaper men knew about it," it was stated to-day by a Government dispatches are being handled was done without his knowledge. Every official. 1918. CONGRESSION \L R.ECORD-SENATE. <.. ·II62l The Postmaster General announced to-day that he hilS bad a com " That the President, during the continuance of the present war, ts mittee at work. some six weeks considering the subject of the wages and authorized and empowered, whenever be shall deem it necessary for conditions of employment of telephone and telegraph employees. the national security or defense to supervise or take possession and assume control of any telegraph, telephone, marine cable, or radio WAGE STATEMEXT ISSUED. system or systems or any part thereof, and to operate the same in such " The subject," he said in a prepared statement, "is not an easy one mannet· as may be needful or desirable for the duration of the war, to deal with. Both wages and conditions ditrer materially in ditrerent which supervision, possession, control, or operation shall not extend parts of the country and even in the same State. Added to this are beyond the date of the proclamation by the President of the exchange the violent disturbances of employment conditions occasioned by the of ratifications of the treaty of peace : · war and the circumstances that telephone rates have not been gen "Proridcd, That just compensation shall be made for such super erally readjusted to meet rising costs as in other employments. vision, possession, control, or operation, to be determined by the Presi .. It Is my wish to be just to these faithful workers and to act as dent, and if the amount thereof so determined by the President is promptly as an intelligent disposition of the subject will permit. Mean unsatisfactory to the person entitled to receive the same such person while the employees should keep in mind that just as public employees shall be paid·7u per cent of the amount so determined by the President, are paid higher and enjoy better conditions in the long run than and shall be entitled to sue the United States to recover such further private employees, so changes can not be made as rapidly as by an sum as, added to said 75 per cent, will make up such amount as will indiviuual employer. I haye urgently requested the committee to reach be just com.l?.ensatlon therefor in the manner provided for by section 24. u report wltl.tout avoidable (lelay." parag'l'aph 20, and section 145 of the .Judicial Code. Mr. Burleson to-day enlarged the committee on standardization of "Prot'idecl {m·tTter That nothing in this act shall be construed to t elegraph rates by naming Charles C. Marshall, Ohio public-utilities amend, repea-, impafr, or affect existing laws or powers of the several commi sion, and .Joseph B. Eastman. Massachusetts public-service com States in relation to taxation or the lawful pollee regulations of the sev mission, as additional members. This committee, originally composed eral States, except wherein such laws, powers, or regulations may etrect of David .J. Lewis as chairman; .John C . .:Willever, vice president, the transmission of Government communications or the issue of stocks Western Union Telegraph Co. ; and Edward Reynolds, general manager, and uonds by such system or systems." :Postal Telegraph Cable Co., was appointed to make necessary studies And whereas it is deemed necessary for the national security and anrt recommendations. The enlargement of the committee gives recog- defense to supei"vise and to take possession and assume control. of aU nition to State utilities and publlc-service commissions. . marine-cable systems and to operate the same in such manner as may be A similar committee on standardization of rates for telephone service, needful or desirable : composed of David .J. Lewis, chairman; Harry B. Thayer, vice presi Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States, dent American Telephone & 'relegrapb Co. ; and Charles Y. McVey. under and by virtue of the powers vested in me by the foregoing reso presidE'nt Ohio • tate Telephone Co., was .enlarged by the addition of lution, and by virtue of all other powers thereto enabllng me, do ft ereby Paul F. Haynes. Indiana public-service commission, anti Noah W. take possession and assume control and supervision of each and every Simpson, Missouri pubUc-service commission. , marine-cable system and every part thereof owned or controlled and operated by any company or companies organized and existing under the laws of the United States, or any State thereof, including all equip [From the New York Times.] ment thereof and appurtenances thereto whatsoever, and all materials PnOCLAiliS POWER TO SEIZE CABLES-DOCUMENT SIGNED BY PRESIDE~T and supplies. . NOVEMBER 2 :MADE PUBLIC, NAMING BURLESON DIRECTOR-TO INRURE It is hereby directed that the supervision, possession, control, an LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The sanctity of no great name can r.ender it holy. Tlie opinion 1\Ir. REED. Mr. President, I desire to ask the attention of of no man can make it' safe. . the Senate to some rather brief remarks touching the proposed l\lr. President, what is this proposition? It comes to us in two league of nations. I shall not be able, in the time limited, to forms. It comes, in fact, in three, but all in the end amotmt to enter into a complete nnriJysis of trui.t great subject. I hope the sa:ne proposition. I shall discuss one of them only far merely to throw out a few suggestions which may possibly be enough to how that in whatever forni or a.spect these proposi of some u e at a time· llke this. tions appear, at their basis is the thought of universal peace, At the beginning, I shall breach a senatorial precedent by the thought that the millenium has come. That was the senti reading a statement by George Washington. I know that Wash ment that actuated those good people who a few years ago went ington is very much out of fashion. His memory and teacyungs up and down our lund telling us that t11e lion and the lamb were "'re fading from the minds of modern statesmen. Nevertheless, ready to lie down together, that '\\;ar was at an end, that every body had suddenly become good and pure arid virtuous and un out of reverence for the past I challenge your thought to these se1fish. These dreamers ·were rudely awakened by the cruel \YOrds utte~ed by Washington in the very sunset of his life, ·voice of'war: Their eyes looked out ()n scenes of blood where whell looking backward through the mellow light of experience he surveyed the hist()ry of mankind, and when he was also able they hoped i:o gaze upon elysian fields. to catch a prophetic vision· of the mighty Republic of to-day. That fallAcy lies at the basis of both the propositions I am about to discpss. but I do not pau e at this time to further point Let me implore your attention: ou.t the connection. What are the two concrete propositions? Against the Insidious wiles or foreign influence {I conjure you to be lieve me, fellow citizens), the jealousy of a free people ought to be One is that an international court shall be established to which constantly awake; sJqce history and experience prove 'that forclgn shall be submitted thB contro"\"ersies of all nations. The other influence Is _one of the ~ost baneful foes of republican government. is that there shall be a le.:'l.gue or compact between certain na • • • Real patriots, who may resist the intrigues of the favorite, nre Uable to become suspected and odious, whl1e its tools and dupes tions by which they bind themselves to enforce the terms and usur~ the applause and confidence of the people to surrender their conditions of their agreements upon each other and upon other interests. · nations. Tbe great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is lu rtendlng our commercial relations to have with them as little Let us examine the first of the e propo itions-the interna political .connection as po slble. So far as we have already formed tional court. First, I remark that no international court and {'ugagements let them be fulfilled · with perfect g-ood tattb. Here let us no court of any kind can possibly be effective unless it is pos stop. sessed of a constabulary sufficient to enforce its decrees. Again- The mere emission of a judgment by a court without any Eur-ope has a set of -primary interests which to us have none or a power to enforce the judgment leaves the court a thing for very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent contro· laughter and jeers. This fact, indeed, is conceded by those who versies the can ~ of wbieb are essentially foreign . to om· conscience. Hence, therefore, it must be unwi8e ln us to Jmplicate ourselves by advocate the doctrine I am discussing. In plain language, an nrtificlal ties in tbe ordlnary vicissitudes of her polltlcs : the ordinary international court to be effective must be backed by an inter combinations and collusions -of her friendships or enmltle:s. national army. It must be further conceded that an interna A little further on he says: tional army w:Hf be ineffective unless it be powerful enough to Why forego the ·advantages ol so peculiar a situation? Why quit conquer any single nation. Aye, more, it must be able to not · our own to stanc1 upon foreign •ground? •Wby, by t.nte.rWeaving 'our only conquer any single nation but to conquer any <'Ombination de tiny with that of any part . of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the tolls of European amoifion, rivalship, Interest, humor. of nations that may be formed to defy the decree of the court. , or capri"ce? · · 'Vhoever, then, commands such an army is powerful enough It is our true policy -to steer clear of permanent ·alliance with any to conquer. ~e United States of · America. I unhesitL tingly portion of the !oretgn world. • • . • . . declare that ' the citizen -of our Republic who will wittingly Taking care always to· keep · ourselves by suitable establishments on a respectable defensive posture, we may 'safely trust to temporary help create an army great enough and strong enough to conquer altlances for extraordinary emergencies. . . · the United States of America and give the command of that So spoke the 'creator of this Republic. Who will be its de army to an alien is a greater traitor to the country than was stroyer? Benedict Arnold. Under Washington's policy we have lived 142 years. Our na \Vho is to command this 'Propo·sed international army? Will tional domain has been extended from a narrow fringe along the it be an American? Will it be a Japanese, or, in the mutations Atlantic until it embraces the continent. Our population has in of time, will it be a German, or will it perchance be an Eng creased from 3,000,000 to 104,000,000 people. We have gathered lishman? Somebody must command this army. Who shall it in our laps more of wealth than there is in all the rest of the be? Certainly the command will not be vested in our citizens world. 'Ve have · glorified our land with magical cities. We for all time. Surely no one can claim that the United States l1ave covered the once barren prairies with habitations of civil will always have a friend in command of the international ization. From countless chimneys ascends the ~ smoke that army. No man is so foolish as to believe that other nations marks the family' altars at which husband, wife, and child bow \Vill help set up a court that will always decide in accordance to the God of freedom and bless the memory of George WRsh- with the interests of America and help in the creation of an 1ngton. Our hills are crowned with' churches and schoolhouses, army that is always to be commanded by an American citizen. twin products of civilization, the glory of humanity. We have Only a fool can believe that. become the foremost Nation in the world. not only in wealth but I have thus far spoken of the army that is to enforce the in man power, in education; in intelligence. · decree of the court. Who, pray, is to constitute the court that So ·great have we beco~e that when the Teutonic powers is to decide matters involving the very life of our country? were in the very act of conquering Europe we were able to 1·escue What individuals· shall constitute this international court? It them from de truction. · Standing in a posUion of splendid iso must be composed of representatives of different governments. lation and independence; without a great standing Army or What are these governments? What are their interests? What NavY, but with the strength of a just ca-qse and with the in are their prejudices? Lawyers who sit in front of me never domitable will and fearless heart of a brave pe()ple to sustain in their lives agreed to submit the vital interests of their clients us, we stepped into the breach and saved civilization. France to an unknown tribunal. They invariably insisted on sub had been driven back across· bloody fields. The English forces mitting only a particular controversy, and always then to were reeling and st!lggering to their fate-Haig had exclaimed, a tribunal which they were sure would at least be fair and in the ngony of his. heart, "Our backs are at the wall; Britains, impartial. stand and die." At that moment new voices were heard coming But who will constitute this international court? I beg from the rear-the mingled Yankee cheer and rebal yell of the you to stop and think, and if you stop and think you will be American soldier. Our trQops swept through Chateau-Thierry appalled at the idea that any man could ever have suggested ami turned back the waves of onrushing Huns. From that hour such a thing as cons1gning ·the life of America to such a tri until the armistice was declared not alone the American flag bunal. First, shall it be composed of one representative of each _but the fiags of all _our allies mov~d forward _to vietQry and to nation? If so; is the United States, with 104,000,000, to have glory. Sucli is the story told in a word, and most imperfectly the same representation upon the court as the island of · told, of what has been accomplished by follow~ng the teachings Haiti or the Republic of Liberia or Serbia or any other of the of Washington. smaller countries of the. world? And if we are to have a At a time like this, wlien a peace is about to be declared a greater ·representation what becomes of the doctrine of the _peace tha~ is the most g1o.rions of all history, a peace that ":as equality of nations in the intel'national <'ourt? What becomes made possi~Ie by the valor and power of this country, it is of the doctrine that small nations must be protected from the proposed that we shall abandon our ancient and traditional strong or great nations? policy and shall become entangled iu every broil -of Europe a.s But, sir, who is to constitute the personnel of this cc;>urt that these b~·olls m_ay now· or as they· may hereafter exist. · It is we are to bind' ourselves to plead our case before? I hold in the most monstrous doctrine ever proposed in this Republic. my hand a list of the Governments in Europe as they existed 1918._ CONGRESSION ~L R.ECOR.D-SENATE. 11623 Uncle: Maximilla.n II, King of Bavaria, married Marie, Princess of 15 days ago. The Lord of hosts alone knows what they are Prussia. at this moment. The Lord of hosts alone knows how many of First cousin : Prince Louis Ferdinand married Marte de Ia Paz, In these kings will be back on their thrones ·the day after to fanta o! Spain. morrow: He only knows what kind of a government we shall ITALY-VIC1.'0R EMANUEL III. at any time in the future have in any of these countries. Wife: Ilelene, Princess of Montenf.>gro. Uncle : Prince Amedee, son of King Victor Emanuel and Adelaide, But let me for a moment call attention to the court to which Archduchess of Austria. we were invited. by some of om· enthusiastic friends a few days Cous-ln by marriage: Elizabeth, Pri.ncess of Saxony. ago. I shall take the time of the Senate to read only the names NORW.A.Y-HAAKO~ VII. of the living blood relationships of the hereditary rulers of Wife : Maud, Princess of Great Britain. Europe. I do not pause to speak of ancestral connections. It BULGARIA-FERDINAND I. I were to do so it would appear that the threads of European Father: Prince August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. royal life are so crossed and Jntercrossed as to constitute an Uncle : Ferdinand, King of Portugal · inextricable tangle. I speak, therefore, of the living relatives, ROU MAN IA-FERDI NA XD. of those who now breathe and exist. Il)lagine, now, we are Father: Leopold, plince of Hohenzollern-Sigmanngen (dlstant cousin forming an international court into which the Republic of of Kaiser). Mother: Antonia, Infanta of Portugal. America is invited, and to which we must submit our Tital Wife: Mari~-.Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Russia. interests, the life and death of our beloved country. I call SERBIA-PETER I. attention to the various European royal famllies and their con Wife: Zorka-Lyoubitza, Princess of Montenegro. nections each with the other: MONTENEGRQ--KICHOLAS I. GRE.A.T BRITA!~ AND IRELAND--GEORGE Y. nR!u;fh~~~siirincess l\lilotza married Pierre Nicholale;itch, Gr:llld . Mother : Princess Alexandra of Denmark. Sister: Princess Maud, married to Ha~kon YII King of Norway. Du~!uif~~~si~.rincess Stana married Nicholas Nicholaievitch, Grand Uncle : Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, married to Marie, Grand Duchess of Russia. · Daughter : Princess Helene married Victor-Emanuel, Prince of Naples, First cousin : Princess :Marie, married to Ferdinand, King of Ron afterwards King of Italy. mania. SPAIN-ALPHO!\SE XIII. First cousin : Princess Beatrice, oarried to Alphonse, Infanta of Spain. Wife: Victoria Eugenia, Princess of Bnttenberg. First cousin: Prince s Helena, married to Christian, Prince or Mother: Marie Christine, Archduchess of Austria. Schleswig-Holstein. Sister: Marie '.feresa, married Ferdinand, Prince of Bavaria. Uncle: · Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, married to Louise Mar Aunt: Infanta Maria de la Paz married Louis Fer Teuton met Gaul and upon the gromul now wet with new-urawn Because Germany finally violated our rights on the seas and blood of their descendants. For 20 centuries the race-· of Europe we "\'i·ere obliged to enter a controve1-s~ · against her, is that any have fought for supremacy. Nation has battled against nntion, rea..;on why we should by solemn bargain agree to become a party rae against race. The oil of Europe is filled with the bones to every Eur(}pean quarrel that may hereafter occur? Is that of soldiers who lta. ve died in these ceaseless struggles-races any rea on why ~·our boy should be taken from bL~ home, \vhy of men who haYC been partly· ~·ubjugated, partly conf111erM, the draft , houltl be impo ·ed, why 'Ye should plunge om·sel\es partly intermixed. into endless debt? The animoRitie. · and hatreds that ha\e ·been engendered dm." This war, brought on, as I have statetl, by reason of ihe viola ing all the bloody years ar.. ~ to-day as bitter .as they were hun tion of our rights, will haxe cost us, I belle\e, before we are drE-ds of years ago. Let me cite you one comparati\'ely recent through, more than $50,000,000,000. It has cost us a toll in life illustration: Centuries ago Bohemia was overcome by Austria. I do not know ·how great, because the returns are not here yet. At that time Bohemia had the greatest university in Europe; I do not venture a prediction further than to say that there is ovet· 6,000 students gathered at rrague from all parts of the many a black-bordered notice ~'et to be gi.>en; there is many a known worlcl. The court of Bohemia was one of the most bril mother yet with gasping breath to cry out in the agony of her liant in existence. In one battle Bohemia lost her liberty, and S"Ol:ll as she read that a son has gone to his death; there is from that time to this the Austrian oppressor has been engaged many a -father to :press his lips into th-e white line of pain.. in endeavoring to exterminate the Bohemian peQple, not physi Many of these sorrows are still to come to our people ; ret.. in cally, but to exterminate their love of country, their recollection the face of that, we haye the monstrous doctrine proposed that of the glory of t he past, their national spirit.. Austria has under Americ..'l shall bind herself into a league that will compel her taken to deprive them of their very langua-ge; she has impri ·oned to becom-e a part and parcel of every European quarrel ; nncl them ; s11e bas hanged them upon scaffolds; she has caused them this is to be the case whether .the quarrel is oecasjoned by the to be shot by ~quads of soldiers. Yet the Bohemian continuerl ambitions of kings or by the outbreaks of anarchists and to hate his oppressor and to loy-e his country so passionately socialists and Bolsheviki who seek to oYerturn exi."trng goy that in the present w.ar Bohemian regiment after Bohemian ernments, whether republic~ or monar"Chles. regiment hav-e refused to obey the orders of their oppressors I protest-I protest .in the name of the mothers of the Re and at the very first opportunity they raised -the flag of Tevolt. _publi.c, I protest in the name of the boys of the land-that it To-day they are seeking to rear again the structure of their is not only our .high duty to keep free from European quarrels ancient State. in the future, but it is our duty just -as soon as this wru.· can Mr. President, thn.t same kind of race hatred and love of be honorably ended to call back to this country, as fast as ships country exists to-day in Hungary~ where the Magyar bas ,placed will bring them, the last one of our American soldiers; that his powerful hand upon a conquered race. So tht·ough all these it is our ·duty to restore them to their homes; to give them European countries-and I do not pause to go into any analysis back to the creative arts and industries; to give them the of their history-we will find these ri\'al races, these rival chance to build .homes and to rear families. It is our duty bloods, these hatreds that are 2,000 years old, these animosities to open to them the doors of schools and universities. It is that will spring into 1lame so long as there aTe men and 'WOmen our duty to invite them to enjoy the glories of that peace they on this earth. have so nobly fought to attain. It is our duty to give notice · Likewise there exist the 'ambitions of kings, the ambitions of now and here that the Republic will continue to adhere to her peoples, the de ire of the Teuton to get to the sea and to live ancient policy of isolation and of independence. in a bigger way, the desire 'of other nations to hold him ·back, Why, is there not a great enough field for the American the determination of the Turk to control the Bosphorus, the state man? Is any man so ambitious that he can not .find in fixed purpose of European nations to acquire it, the desire of the thing I am about to present a sufficiently alluring picture? France to extend her borders toward Germany, the desire of To our south lie the great nations of South America. They Germany to absorb France, the desire of Greece to reclaim her are -only half developed. They have a people that are 'naturally ancient glories, the desire of Italy to push her borders into our -allies and our friends. Their commerce ought to be our Austrian territory, the l}esire of England that her drumbeat commerce; our commerce ought to be their commerce. Our shall not only follow the sun in its course, but that it shall be friendship ought to be their friendship ; their friendship ought beard beneath every s_tar that shines between the North Pele to 'be our friendship. We are botmd together by ti-es of interest and the Southern Cross-these ambitions and these desires .are and amity. Surely here one can visualize a field of national part of the life, the soul, the blood, the hlstory, of th e peoples. influence -glorious and splendid, not only for us but for them. These controYersies will spring into action every 10 years of The contemplation of such a picture ought to gratify all am the 'vorlcl's hi tory. There will be wars in Europe, wars that bitions, all yearnings for power and greatness. haYe a Eur011ean origin, wars that have .a European basis, war · that have back of them European ambitions and hatreds. Mr. President, the life of this Republic may hang upon this Into all of those wars, into all of those turmoils, into all of decisjon. We can not engage in these foreign alliances withont that maelstrom of hatred and ambition, it is proposed to thrust making mutual bargains. We can not Call upon them to protect the United States for all time. It is proposed that every time us unless we agree to protect them.. We can not expect them there is a quarrel in Europe the Uniteu States must draw her to come to our relief in a controversy unless we go to the relief swor I. It is proposed that every time there is a cloud of war of each of them in their controversies. The man who proposes o.ny\vhere llpon' the horizon of Euro]:>e we shall SUlll.lllon our to thrust America into the broils and wars of Europe, .bin-ding so-ldiers. Our boys must be dragged from the factories and her for all time to the intrigues and corr:spiracies and ambition~ offices and farms; that we shall make the draft a permanent in of the courts of kings and czars and such other governments stitution; that we shall tear these youths from their homes as may exist, who proposes to re\erse the policy of Washing and families a.ncl send them across the sea ; that we shall pour , ton, the opinions of Jefferson, the doctrines of the fnthers, out their blood in quarrels between nations that are 3,000 miles advocates that which may unmake this great Republic.. from our shores. and in contro\ersies that affect us not the I thank the Senate. !:lightest jot or tittle. EXEC'L'TITE' SE SlON. l\ir. President, we have had one of these wars. I do not com plain because we entered it. \Ve entered it because Germany Mr. l\IARTIN of Virginia. I move that the Senate proceed to Yiolated our rights on the high seas; but shall that be a reason the consideration of executive business. for changing our policy? For nearly a century and a half we The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the l1ave adhered to the policy of Washington. We have pursued con ideration of executive business. After 15 minut~s "pent in the march of empire, of glory, and of peace. It may almost be executive se sion the doors were reopened. in said that all that long time we have bad no European war. :XOTIFICATIO~ TO THE PBESIDE:xT. The ·war of 1812 was really the aftermath of the war of 1.776, growing out of that and out of our weakened condition. I do 1\lr. MARTIN of Virginia and 1\lr. LODGE appeared, nnd not count it. It is impossible that such a war should occur l\Ir. MARTIN of Virgiilla said: 1\Ir. President, the committtee ngnin. The War with Spain-the little 90-day War with appointed by the Senate, together with the committee on the pru·t Spain-occurred, I lronestly believe, through -a mistake rather of the House of Representatives, to wait on the President of ihe than through a crime; but let us call it a war. They di LEAGUE OF NATIO~S. TH.A!\KS TO PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE. Mr. PHELA...... "'\. I offer the following resolution auu ask that Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I offer the resolution which I it be reau. send to the desk and ask for its immediate consideration. The resolution (S. Res. 351) was reau, as follows: The V10E PRESIDENT. The Secreta1·y will read the reso R ~solv ea 1J11 tile Senate of the United States, That the principle of n lution. league of natlons organized to prevent wars anu enforce justice be, and is hereby, approved. . The resolution (S. Res. 3:>4) was read, as follows: Resolved, That the thanks of the Senate are hereby tendered to Bon. Mr. PHELA..i..~. l\lr. President, replying to th~ distinguished WILLARD SAULSBURY, Pre tdent pro tempore of the Senate, for the dig Senator from l\!i ouri [Mr. REED] on the subject of a league of nified, impartial, and courteous manner in which he bas presided ove1· nations, I de ire to observe that his argbment appealed to me lts deliberations during the present session. very strongly in favor of a league of nations, whereas I believe The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the it was his purpose to condemn the proposal which was made in resolution. one of the 14 articles of the President's recommendations to The resolution was unanimously agreed to. the world. The reason which he assigns as rendering difficult the organization of such a league, namely, the racial feuds and LEAGUE OF - .ATIONS. love of nationality on the part of the small powers of the world, 1\fr. PHELAN. 1\Ir. President, just one woru. I ue ire, sir, which he believes would nece ·sarily engender wars, is the ,,.ery to say that you are the personification of the principle of the reason why a league of nations to prevent wars should be league of nations, because under the rules you have kept the organized. Senators from personal and physical combat in the enforcement \Ve all admit that there is in human nattu·e that desire to of their ideas and required them to confine them elves to intel assert itself by the mo t primitive means at hand, the methods lectual discussion. That is exactly what we desire to give to of the cave man; and human society has been organized within the world; and in you, sir, I see a token of the coming dny. the limits of governments to prevent such a condition, which would only result in constant disorder. So the very same prin SENATE PAGES. ciples upon which civil society is organized to curb the passions 1\Ir. l\!ARTIN of Virginia submitted the following re olution of men apply with equal force to the nations of the world, which, (S. Res. 352), which was considered by unanimous consent and after all, are only organized communities of men. Therefore, agreed to: when the Senator says that the irresistible disposition on the part Resolr:ed, That the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate be, nnd be hereby of nations to fight renders impossible a league of nations, it proves is, authorized and directed to employ 16 pages for the Senate Cham nothing whatever unless it proves the necessity of the policeman. ber, at $2.75 per day each, for a period lasting from Novemuet· 2:!, 1918, to December 1, 1918, inc1usive, to be paid from the miscellaneous There are in Europe a large number of small States. \Ve items of the contingent fund of the Senate. have given them liberty; we have given them democracy; and :y~t the gift would be like the Dead Sea fruit of ashes offered FINAL ADJOURSMENT. to their famished lips unless we had an organized power in the Tile VICE PRESIDENT. The hour of G o'clock having ar world to restrain the oppres ion and the injustice by superior rived, at which time, in accordance 'vitll the concurrent reso powers, which inevitably will come to them if they are left to lution of the Senate and the House of Representative·, this -their own resources. · session of the Congress of the United States is to come to its " I am my hrother's keeper." That is the principle of the close, by virtue of the authority vested in me by that re olution league of nations, and that will result ultimately in the abolition I now declare the Senate of the United States atljourned ine of war and the salvation of the world. die. The Senator has said that it is preposterous to believe that Great Britain will participate in a league of nation . In answer to the Senator from Missouri I have the words of the Premier NOMINATIONS. of Great Britain, Mr. Lloyd-George, who unequivocally declared E x ecutire 110m·inations 1·ecci1:ed by the Senate :vovembcr 21, the other day in f.avor of a league of nations, because he is a 1918. statesman of vision, because he understands the question that is involved, and because he sees, with his superior knowledge, his CoLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS. experience in European affairs, the absolute necessity of having Harris Bennett, of Duluth, Minn., to be collector of custom for a league of nations. customs collection district No. 36, witl1 headquarters nt Dulutll, Mr. WARREN. Mr. President, will the Senator yieltl to me Minn. (Reappointment.) for a moment in order that I may offer a resolution? Frank E. Fitzsimmons, of Providence, R. I., to be collector Mr. PHELAN. Certainly. of customs for customs colleetion district No. 5, with head THANKS TO TICE PRESIDEXT. quarters at Providence, R. I. (Reappointment.) Mr. W AHREN. I offer the resolution which I send to the APPOINTMENT IN THE ARMY. de k and ask for its adoption. To be second lieutenant 1cith 1·anl.i from, November 1, 1918. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will read t11e reso lution. Cadet Williston Birkhimer Palmer. 'l'he re olution ( S. Res. 353) was reau, as follows: APPOINTME~-TS AND PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. ResoZ,;ed, That the thanks of the Senate are hereby tendered to Lieut. Thomas G. Berrien to be a lieutenant commander in Jion. THOMAS A. 1\IARSHALL, Vice Pre ident of the United States and President of the Senate, for the dignified impartial, and courteous the Navy, for temporary scnice, from the 21st day of Septem manner in which he bas presided over Its dehberations during the pres ber, 1918. ent session. The following-named lieutenants to be lieubmant commanuers The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. WA.RBE- in the chair). The in the Navy, for temporary sen·ice, ~0!11 th.e 5th dny ot question is on the adoption of the resolution just read l! Y the November, 1918: Secretary. Robert H. Grayson, Tile resolution was unanimolisly agreed to. John L. Hall, The VICE PRESIDENT resumed the chair. James H. Strong, The VICE PRESIDENT. Senators of the United States, I Frederic W. Dillingham, illought that we were to wind up one session of the Senate with Hardy B. Page, out this usual, ordinary, gracious, but whol1y perfunctory Hartw·en C. Davis, r psolution on behalf of the presiding officer of the Senate. Terry B. Thompson, Ncwrtheless, as the years go by I find myself more and more Laurance T. Dubose, unuer obligations to t11e Senators of the United States for the Arthur G. Robinson, patience they exercise in the moments of irritation upon my 'Valter E. Doyle, part, for their generous judgment of my conduct, and for some Karl E. Hintze, and thing that is far dearer to me than even the record of a pre George B. .Junkin. siding officer over this great and illustrious body-the feeling The following-named lieutenants (junior grsde) t~ be lien which I haYe, and which, if I ought not to have it, I beg you tenants in the Navy, for temporary ervice, from the 5\h day ~vill not take away from me, ·that regardless of politics and poli of November, 1918: · ticians, regardless of the ebb and flow of party sentiment and 'Valter C. Theimer, party ideas in America, up to this good hour I have had prac Arthur R. Pontow, tically the unanimous individual and personal friendship of the Hervey Z. Throop, Senators of the United States. For this I thank you. I hope William Klaus, that in the days to come I may be worthy of a continuance of John F. Kennedy, that friendship. Frank I. Hart1 1918. OONGR.ESSIONAL ·R.ECORD--SEN tTE. 11627 Harry R. Hayes, .A.s istant Payma ter William B. Young, of the united States Alvin Hender on, :Kaval Re er\e E'orc , to be an assistant p~ymaster in the NaYy .John F. P. Miller, with the rank of ensign, for temporary ser\ice, from the 15th clny .Jerome L. Allen, of NoYember, 191 . Albert R. Colwell, Chief Pay Clerk Roscoe J. Dodd, retired, to be an a lstant 'arl J. Nerdahl, payma ter on the retired U t of the Navy with the rank of lieu Glen R. Ogg, tenant, for tempoJ:ary service, from the 1st day of July, 1918. ~'ugene L. Richardson, The following-named pay clerks on the retired list to be a sist Jay Smith, ant paymasters on tile retired list of the Navy with the rnnk of harles E. Weickhardt, lieutenant, for temporary service~ from the 1st day of July, 1918; Marvin G. Fox, John W. Caum, \\·alter S. Gallagller, Isaac T. Yan Patten, J,earned L. Dean, Theodore G. Hansche, Henry E. Keller, George A. White, 1\Jerwin W. Arps, Charles ,V. Loomis, William W. Cole, Philip T. Lansdale, John Kneubuehler, Ray E. Ames, Harold F. l\facHugh, 'Villiam R. Pattison, Halph Lane, Goerge B. Kimberly, Jo ~ eph W. Storm, Frederick H. Ram a:r, Karl E. F. Sorensen, Frederick K. Hunt, Thomas F. Fahy, Floyd C. l\filler, Hay C. Hopkins, Harry L. 1\Iiller, larence l\1. Maloney, l\Iattllew C. Kneip, and l)l1ilip A. Wil on, Thomas S. 1-.. eltch. James A. 1\Ialone:r, Pay Clerk John F. Flynn, retired. to be au as i. tant payma:.;ter Kenneth F. Horne, on the retired list of the Navy with the rank of lieutenant (junior Jeremiah K. Cronin, grade), for temporary service, ·from the 1st day of July, 1918.· Albert R. Myers, 'Villis l\1. Young, and POSTMASTERS. Bennie C. Phillips. ALABAMA. Ensign Otis A. Nicholas to be a lieutenant (junior gi·ade) in Lillie C. Hays to be postmaster at Abbeville, Ala., in place of the Kavy, for·temporary service, from th~ 1st day of July, 1918. Charles B. Searcy, deceased. The following-named ensigns to be lieutenants (junior grade) Marcus :M. Ru.ssell to be postmaster at Attalla, Ala., in place in the Navy, f01· temporary service, from the 5th day of Novem of David A. Hughes, resigned. ber. 1918: Grova Grace to be postmastet· at Dora, Ala., in place of W. H. Virgil E. Durden, Ballenger, resigned. John T. Gcree, Albert H. Siemer, · ARIZONA. Walter S. Mallory, jr., John H. Gibson to be postmaster at Winslow, Ariz:, in ·place Carl H. Zeiss, of 'Villiam J. Daze, resigned. ' Louis T. Young, ARKANSAS. John R. Shuman, Isaac G. Ritchie to be postmaster at Ha1·dy, Ark., in place o:t Edmund G. Flint, jr., Arthur Sullivan. Office became presidential January 1. 1918r - Joseph H. Cox, Tbomas L. Smith to be postmaster at Lepanto, Ark.• in place John R. Montgomery, of Willie E. Lamb: Office became presidential January 1, 1917; Clarence V. Lally, Alvin G. Stamps to be postmaster at Earl, Ar~ .• in _place of Clifford L. Fenton, John H. Nance, resigned. DaYld l\1. Gilmore, Thomas L. R. Husselton, and C.UIFORNIA. John P. Hillyard. Theodor~ H. Abel to .be postmaster at Coalinga, Cal, in place The following·named warrant ()fficers for temporary service, of W. H. Kerr, deceased. to be ensigns in the Navy, for temporary serYice, from the 15th Andrew M. Isom to be po tmaster at Portola, Cal., in place of day of November, 1918: · Esther B. Hensel, resigned. Byron Williams,· Harlan J. Woodward to be postmaster at Ramona, Cal., in Thomas Downs, place of Henry A. Miles, resigned. George J. Tansey, COLORADO. Alfred J. Butler, Walter E. Stephen, and Robert T. De Foor to be postmaster at Eagle, Colo., in place .Tauez N. Phinney. of Ralph E. Belding, resigned. _ Orion W. Daggett to be postmaster at lledcli:ff, Colo., in place The following-named enlisted men to be ensigns in the Navy, of Elsie E. Da Lee Elliott, resigned. . for temporary service, from the 15th day of NoY"ember, 1918: . Herbert B. Newton, · FLORIDA. Lafayette R. Jones, Alexander J. Burnham to be postmaster at Bushnell, Fln.,·iu Carl W. Frohrib, place of Lundy L. Sutton, deceased. Laurence F. Hofer, Edwin E: Williams to be postmaster at Passagril.le, Fla., in John l\1. Kamra tkie, place of Fred S. Kanode, resigned. Edwnrd G. Robin ·on, and GEORGIA. Henry 0. Nicholas. Wiley l\1. Roeers ·to be postmaster at Union City, Ga~, in place The following-named paymasters to be pay inspectors in the of R. F. Duckworth. reigned. KaYy, 'Yith the rank of commander, for temporary.servicc, from the 11th day of January, 1918: Albert S. Hardy to be postmm;tcr at Gainesville, Ga., ill placo John F. Hatch and of Mrs. H. W. J. Ham. Incumbent's commi sion expirell July, Frederick G. Pyne. 10, 1917. Acting Pay Clerk Percy W. l\IcCord to be an assistant pay ILLINOIS. rna ter in the Navy, with the rank of ensign, for temporary serv- Owen C. 1\IcCa.rtr1ey to be postmaster at Hamilton, Ill., in ice. from the 15th day of September, 1918. · place of W. H. Harkrader, resigned. The follo"'ing-named acting pay clerks to be assistant pay Edward ,V. Childe to be po tmaster at ~1artin v1U(', Ill., in masters in the NavY', with the ra\}k of ensign, for temporriry place of D. B. Ulrey~ resigned. ser.-ice, from the 15th day of November, 1918; William J. West to be po tmuster at Odin, Ill., jn place ot Charles F. House, James M. Dace. resignro.- Louis ,V. Crane, Incz l\l. Garri on to be 110S!rnaster nt Flanagan, Dl., in p.1aro George S. Corbeil, of W. F. Lutren, t·e irned. Calvin W. Schaeffer, INDL\XA. \Villiam T. Ross, ·and Nathan W. Ringo to be postmaster ut Dugger, I_ml., in . plu~e Benjamin 0. Kilroy. of Lewis E. Chowning, resigned. CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE. N OVEJ.\IBER . 21 11628 ' Earle A. Smith to be po 1mnster at Go port, Ind., in place of NORTH DAKOTA. George B. Spicer, 1'e igned. .Jessie l\1. Hamill to be po tma ter at Oakes, N. Dak., in place Frerl H. Foster to .be po. tmaster at O:x:foru, Ind., in place of of Robert E. 'Vessel, deceased. l\1. r. Halgren, declined. Thomas F. Cooper to be postmaster at Parshall, N. Dak., in IOWA. place of Gertrude l\1. Larin, resigned. Alvah l\1. Robin. on to be postmaster at Reinbeck, Iowa, in OHIO. place of Eli hu D. Robert ~ , resigned. . Ar<.la M. S. Allensworth to be postma ter at Am. teruam, Ohio, lL\.NSAS. m place of Grover C. Naragon, resigned. John ,V. Dean to be po tmaster at Blue Mound, Kans., in Lee B. Milligan to be postmaster at Lowellville, Ohio, in place place of .J. H. Burnett, resigned. of Freda 1\l. Milligan, resigned. Eva Philbrick to be postmaster at Halstead, Kans., in place Wendell E. Brettell to l>e postmaster at Rock Creek, Ohio, in of .John C. Girk, re igned. place of Nelson C. Petrie, resigned. 1\lollie F. 0 burn to be postma ter at Jennings, Kans., in . George R. Irwin to be postmaster at Upper Sandusky, Ohio, place of Lottie n. Boull ·, re igne Alberta Hough.to be postmaster at Valley, Wash., in place of Tl1e following-nnmed third lieutenants to be second lieuten· Alberta Gilson (name changed by marriage). . ants in the Coast Guard, for temporary service: Inez G. Spencer to be postmaster at Creston, Wash., in place George W. 1\lcKean and of Sadie Haight, resigned. John Trebes, jr. WEST VlBGil\~.!. Third Lieut. of Engineers John A. Curran to be second lieu Henry L. Bowling to be postmaster at Lewisburg, W. Va., in tenant of engineers, for temporary service, in the Coast Guard. place of J. 0. Dice, resigned. · PROliOTIO~S IN THE ARMY. William A. Curry to be postmaster at Omar, W. Va., in place of Alexander Lester, resigned. Il\FANTRY. Elmer H. Schreck to be postmaster at Gillette, Wyo., in place To be lieutenant colonels. of N. D. :Morgan, declined. l\laj. John ,V, Barker. 1\laj. James P. Harbeson. CO~TFIRMATIONS. PRon IOXAL APPOINTMENT , BY PRoMOTiox, IN THE ARuY. E;r:ecutire nominations conjlnnecl by the Senate November 21, CAVALRY .AJUI. 1918. To be first lieutenants. AMBASSADOR ExrnAORDINARY AND PLEXIPOTENTIARY. Second Lieut. Arthur W. Stanley. John W. DaYis to be ambassador extraordinary and pleni Second Lieut. Harold E. Brailey. potentiary of the United States of America to Great·Britain. Second l-ieut. Carleton Burgess. Second Lieut. Frederick H. Vandegrift. SECRETARY OF EMB.!SSY OR LEGATIO~. Second Lieut. Harry E. Dodge. Charles Hem·y Chapman to be a secretary of embas ~ y or lega Second Lieut. Charles F. Palmer. tion of class 4. Second Lieut. Jay D. D. Marcellus. SOLICITOR GENERAL. Second Lieut. Lewis D. Cooper, jr• . Aleiander C. King to be Solicitor General. ·Second Lieut. Charles J. Davis. ASSOCIATE JUSTCE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE PHILIPPINE Second Lieut. George W. Outland. ISLAN-DS. Second Lieut. John M. l\Ioose,_jr. Second Lieut. Nelson H. Perry. Percy 1\I. l\loir to be an a sociate justice of the Supreme Court Second Lieut. Innes Randolph. of the Philippine Islands. Second Lieut. Carl B. Byrd. COLLECTORS OF C USTOM • Second Lieut. Thomas Brady, jr. Frank E. Fitzsimmons to be collector- of custom. , district FIELD .!.RTIT.LERY A.BY. No.5. Harris Bennett to be collector of customs, district No. 36. 'l'o be first lieutenants. Reappointment. Second Lieut. Frank C. Delaney. Second Lieut. Pell ,V. Foster, jr. PVBLIC HEAJ;.TH. SERVICE. Second Lieut. Kennedy Has enzahl. Passed As ~ t. Surg. Friench Simpson to be surgeon. Second Lieut. AI·thm· P. Patterson. As8t. Surg. Clarence II. Waring to be passed assistant surgeon. Second Lieut. Robert P. Reynolds. Asst. Surg. George A. Wheeler to be passed assistant surgeOn. Second Lieut. Philip G. Hodge. · Asst. Surg. William Charles Witte to be passed assistant surgeon. · A.PPOI::s-TMENTS I~ THE ARMY. As t. Surg. 'Villiam Francis 'Iannei· to be · passed assistant MEDICAL CORPS. surgeon. Po be first lieutena;zts. As t. Surg. Carl 1\lichel to be pas ed a sistant surgeon. 1\la,i. Jesse P. Truax. Asst. Sm·g. l\Iarion Sunsari Lombaru to be passed assistant 1\laj. Charles Henry Stearns. surgeon. Maj. Ralph 'Valdo Newton. Asst. Surg. Ora Howaru Cox: to be passed assistant surgeon. First Lieut. Cbarle Augustus Short. Asst. Surg. Robert Louis Allen to be passed assistant surgeon. First Lieut. William Cah·ert Chaney. Dr. Bert1·and Earle Roberts to be assistant surgeon. First J... .ieut. Olaf Kittelson. CoAsT AND GEODETIC SunvEY. First Lieut. Lawrence Frederick Fisher. Harry Leypoldt to be junior llydrographic and geodetic en 'Fir t Lieut. Young Cleveland Lott. gineer in the United States Coa·st anu Geodetic Survey, De First Lieut. Earl Edward Yan Derwerker. partment of Commerce. Fir t Lieut. .i_lbert Barnett Ferguson. First Lieut. Julius Benjamln Boehm. StiRYEYOR GEXERAL. First Lieut. Jolln Daniel Gillis. John B. O'Sulllran to be surveyor general of :Kevada. First Lieut. Ralph Waldo Turner. llECEI\'ER OF PUBLIC 1\:lo~EYS. Fh· t Lieut. Francis John Robinson. Owen E. Thomas to be receiwr of public. moneys at Kalis First Lieut. Fowler Burdette Roberts. pell, Mont. First Lieut. Hugo l\Iuencb, jr. George G. Beams to be receiYer of public moneys at Lincoln, Fir t Lieut. Jarrett Matthew Huddleston. Nebr. · First Lieut. George Eason Blue. First Lieut. Earl Calvin Padgett. COAST GUARD. First Lieut. Da\itl Oscar Nathaniel Lindberg. The following-named first lieutenant to be captnin in the First Lieut. Cecil Emerson Johnson. · Coast Guard, for temporary service: First Lieut. Harry LeRoy Smith. William J. Keester, l•'irst Lieut. Carl Bearse. Eugene A. Coffin, First Lieut. John Murray Welch. John S. Baylis, Fir ·t Lieut. l\lerrill Clary Sosman. Charles G. Roemer, First. Lieut. Jacob John l\Iann. 'Vilfred N. Derby, Fir t Lieut. John LuYerne Hemstead. Leo C. 1\IueHer, First Lieut. C'harles Gilbert Irish. dlarence H. Dench, First Lieut. George Palmer McNeill, jr. William K. Scammell, First Lieut. Sidney Ober Reese, jr. Roy A. Bothwen, First Lieut. Oscar Thweatt Kirk. ey. 'Vilmer H. Eberly, Capt. William 'Valsh Lerman. Russell L. Lucas, Fir t Lieut. Victor Roland 'l'umer. Stephen S. Yeandle, First Lieut. Frederic Damrau. Frederick A. Zscheuschler, Fir. t Lieut. Charles 'Villiam Henderson. Thomas S. Klinger, Fir. t Lieut. William Donaldson Fleming. Charles E. Anstett, Fir t Lieut. Harry Gardner John. on. Henry G. Hemingway, Fir. t Lieut. John Henry 1\lurphy. Jeremiah .A. Starr, and I•'irst Lieut. Charles Anthony Cibe1iu . Jo eph E. Stika. l"it·:-:t Lieut. James Winn Sherrill. First Lieut. of Engineers Herbert :N. Pelham to be captain First Lieut. Philip Lewis Cook. of engineers in the Coast Guard, for temporary service. First Lieut. Edward Augustus Lane. T l 11630 CO.r GRESSION l_L R,EOORD-SE 1\_TE. N OVE1\IBER 21' Ji Fir t Lieut. Chnrle. Fremont nell. Cadet James Postell Jcr\ey, jr. Fir t Lieut. Arthur Lui Guerra. Cadet Joseph Shirle;r Gorlinski. Fir t Lieut. Maximilian 1\lm~k Nem~er. Cadet Geo1·ge Sackett Witter . Capt. Charles Henry Manlove, jr. Cadet Albert Riani. Capt. Eugene Vernon Powell. Cadet Orville Ernest "\Valsb. First Lieut. Henry Tayloe Compton. Cadet Harvey Drexler Dana. First Lieut. Jolin Henry Bullock. Cadet Peter Patti Goerz. Fir~t Lieut. Howard Burton Swan. Cadet Robert Blake Coolidge. Fir.t Lieut. Walter Yan Olinda l\Ioore. Cadet John Peter Dietrich. Fir t Lieut. Jolm Nngle Hnye. . adet William Avlctt Callaway. Fir t IJeut. Edgar Han·ey Alber ·. . Cadet Howar Cadet Christian Knudsen. Cadet Albert Brownfield Goodin. Cadet Francis Bassett Valentine. Cadet Walter Joseph :Muller. Cadet Thomas Tipton Thornburgh. Oadet Harry Lovejoy Rogers, jr. Cadet 'Villiam Covington Benton. Cadet George Bryan Conrad. Cadet ·vincent John Conrad. Cadet William Stephen Murray. Cadet David Adams Taylor. Cadet Harry Krieger. Cadet Ronald Austin Hicks. Cadet Raymond Wainwright Odor. Cadet Elmer Vaughan Stansbm·y. Cadet James Clyde Welch. · Cadet Edwin Le lie Hogan. Cadet Miner Welsh Bonwell. Cadet John Creel Hamilton. Cadet John Perry Pence. Cadet Mark Rhoads. Cadet John Leo Binder. Cadet Joseph Kittredge Baker. Cadet Joseph 1\lagoffin Glasgow. Cadet Charles William Leng, jr. Cadet Elmer Mike Jenkins. Cadet Albert Walker Johnson. Cadet James Lawrence Keasler. Cadet Willard Ames Holbrook. Cadet Rutherford Dent McGiffert.. Cadet Auston 1\Ionroe Wilson, jr. Cadet Richard Bryan Wheeler. · Cadet Samuel Powell Walker, jr. Cadet Thomas Roswell Aaron. Cadet Fred Glover Sherrill. Cadet Charles Llewellyn Gorman. Cadet Sol Mark Lipman. Cadet Louis George· Horowitz. Cadet William Theodore Powers. Cadet David Albert Newcomer. Cadet Boyd Wheeler Bartlett. IKFANTRY ARM. Cadet Alfred Maximilian Gruenther, To be second lieutenants~ Cadet Laurence Van Doren Harris; Cadet Benjamin Abbott Dickson. Cadet Herbert Bernard Loper. - Cadet Charles 1\Iason Wells. Cadet Ivan Crawford Lawrence. Cadet William Bobbs Miller. Cadet Benjamin· Mace Hedrick. Cadet Richard Carrick Babbitt. Cadet Robert Gibbons Gard. Cadet Wade Rushton Cothran, jr. Cadet Robert Ammons Hill. Cadet PerciYal Bolling Banister. . Cadet David Horn Whittier. Cadet Claude De ha Anderson, jr. Cadet Sidney Ward Gould. Ca 0ndet Clarence John Kanaga. Cadet Charles Henry Noble. Cadet Richanl Powell Ovenshine. Cadet Walter 'l'owle O'Reilly. Cadet Edwin Yirgil Kerr. Cadet Kenneth Pierce. Callet Thomas 1\lcGregor Shillock. Cadet Charles Henry Bryan. Uallet Harrison Howell Dodge Heiberg. Cadet John Endler. adet \Villiam Irwin Allen. Cadet John Howell Collier. Cadet Paul Andrew Donnally. Cadet Dean Lucc. 0adet James Edmund Parker. Cadet Vincent Coyle Mc4Uevy. Cadet \Villiam Wesson Jerrey. Cadet George Gordon Elms. Cadet George Raymond Burgess. Cadet John Dimmick Armstrong. Cadet Edward Lynde Strohbehn. Cadet Ralph Francis Stearley. Ca(let Maurice Keyes Kurtz. Cadet Donald Handley Nelson. Cadet \Villiam Holmes Wenstrom. Cadet Edward Ora Hopkins. Cadet Paul Lewis Harter. Cadet John Victor Domminey. Cadet Leo Clement Paquet. Cadet James Verne Cole. Cadet '£homas Maurice Crawford. Cadet Horace Parker Samp' ·on. Cadet Eugene l\IcGinley. . . Cadet Ralph Bernard Kindley. Cadet Hugh Brownrigg Waddell. Cadet John Adam Bruckner, jr. Cadet Leslie DeLong Flory. Cadet Clarence Archibald Frank. Cadet Paul Robert l\Ienzies 1\Illler. Cadet Frederick Bradstreet Dodge, jr. Cadet Isaac Haiden Ritchie. Cadet Clarkson Deweese McNary. Cadet Augustine Francis Shea. Cadet Bernard Albert Byrne, jr. Cadet Carlisle Visscher Allan. Cadet Charles Ream Jackson. Cadet Marion Patton Echols. Cadet George Lincoln Dillaway, jr. Cadet Roy Anthony Moore. Cadet Warren Wilson Chri tian. Cadet John Edward McCarthy. Cadet Dale Wilford 1\faher. (jadet Francis Otis Wood. . Cadet Robert Barrett Hutchlns. Cadet Hobart Hewett. Cadet Jo eph William Kullman. Cadet Richard Thomas Rick. Cadet George Dewey Rogers. Cadet Waldemar Sven Broberg. Cadet Harold Ellward Marsden. Cadet James Holden Phillips. Cadet Robert J one · Merrick. Cadet John Edwin Leahy. Cadet William Henry John Dunham. Cadet George '\Vashington Lewi ·. Cadet Landon Garland Daniel. Cadet Frederick Weed Drury. Cadet Raymond Franei Kilroy. Cadet Leander Dunbar Syme. Cadet Irvin Alexander. Cadet Ellis Vern Williamson. Cadet John Han·ey Madison. Cadet Leroy Clark Wilson, 2d. Cadet George Edward Bruner. Cadet Nathaniel Alanson Burnell, 2d. Cadet Thomas Llewellyn Water. Cadet William Goebel Stephens. Cadet Urban Niblo. Cadet John Bartlett l\Iurphy. Cadet Thoma · Hom1ton Dameron. Cadet James LGwe Harbaugh, jJ.'• Cadet Roger Sherman Evarts. Cadet Virgil Farrar Shaw. Cadet Charles Linton Williams. Cadet Paul Alpheus Noel. Cadet Kenneth Sharp Olson. Cadet Michael Gibson Smith. Cadet William Lighton McEnery. Cadet Syril Emerson Faine. Cadet Robert Montgomery Springer~ Cadet Arthur Maxon Parsons. Cadet Russell John NeLson. Cadet Harry Welling Barrick. · Cadet Charles Maine Wolff. Cadet William Travis VandeGraa:ff. Cadet Simon Fos ·. Cadet Howard Rand Perry, jr. Cadet Davis Ward Hale. Cadet Edward Hamilton Young. Cadet Edward Melvin Starr. Cadet Nathan Arthur Smith. Cadet Joseph Sladen Bradlel·· Cadet Gerald Saint Claire l\Iickle. Cadet Arthur Launcelot Moore. Cadet Benjamin Randolph Farrar. Cadet Robert .William Crichlow, jr. Cadet Harris Ellis Sanderson, jr. Cadet l\Iartin Anthony Fennell. Cadet Hugh French Thomson Hoffman. Cadet Ralph Harris Bassett. Cadet ·David Stanley Holbrook. Cadet Harold Allen Brown. Cadet Walter Scott Winn, jr. Cadet Albert Sidney Johnson Stovall, jr, Cadet Willard Gordon Wyman. Cadet Donald Carson Hardin. Cadet John Leonard Whitelaw. Cadet Harold C~ifton Zimmerman. Cadet Edward Henry Bowes. Cadet John Thomas Keeley. Cadet Edwin Malcolm Sutherland. Cadet Albert Smith Rice. Cade~ Joseph Andrew Holly. Cadet James Wellington Boyd. Cadet Henry Baldwin Nichols. Cadet Joseph Conrad Odell. Cadet William Douglas McNair. Cadet Vincent Harold Kelly. Cadet Charles Forrest Wilson. Cadet Josiah Tony Dalbey. Cadet Robert Franci Carter. Cadet Logan Osburn Shutt. 1adet Hugh Garnett Elliott, jr. Cadet Stuart Little. Cadet Nathan Farragut Twining. Cadet Hilton Edward Reincke. Uadet \Villiam John Crowe. Cadet Galen l\Iagnus Taylor. Cadet George Whitfield 1\Iacllillan. Cadet John Franci · Laragnino. 1adet L. Hoyt Rockafellow. Cadet Royal \Vheel Park. Cadet Percy Emery Hunt. Cadet Daniel Phillip Buckland. Cadet Douglas Alden Olcott. Cadet Philip Mcilvaine ·whitney. Cadet Roland William McNamee. Cadet John Morris Works. Cadet John Carpenter Rauen. Cadet Chri topher Hildebrand. Cadet Lentilhon \Vheeler. Cadet Joseph IIolleman ·warren. Cadet Winfred George Skelton. Ca Cadet Henry Bennett Sheets. Lieut. Thomas G. Berrien to be n lieutenant commander for Cadet Archie William Cooly. temporal'Y service. Cadet Edwin Robert Samsey. , The following-named lieutenants to be lieutenant commanders Cadet William Robert l\Icl\1aster. for temporary sentce : · Cadet Paul Revere Carl. Robert H. Grayson, Cadet Cornelius Emmett O'Connor. ' Jolin L. Hall, Cadet Joseph Alfred Cranston, jr. James H. Strong, Cadet l\Iaurice Ladin Rosentha1. Frederic W. Dillingham, Cadet Willard Leslie Isaacs. Hardy B. Page, Cadet Horace Speed, jr. Hartwell C. Davis, Cadet Fred William l\Iakinney, jr. Terry B. Thompson, Cadet William Benjamin Kean, jr. Laurance T. Dubose, Cadet Harold Robert Emery. Arthur G. Robinson, Cadet David Sanderson McLean. Walter E. Doyle, Cadet William Joseph Moroney. • Karl E. Hintze, and Cadet Russell Lowell Williamson. George B. Junkin. Cadet Charles Leslie Keerans, jr. The following-named lieutenants (junior grade) to· be lien1 Cadet Howard Adams \Vhite. tenants for temporary service: Cadet Howard Dohla Johnston. Waltet~ C. Tneimer, Cadet ~t\lbert Carron ~tlrgan. Arthur R. Pontow, Cadet Franklin Leroy Rash. Hervey· Z. Throop, Cadet Robert Watson Child. William Klaus, Cadet Edgar Harvey Snodgrass. John F. Kennedy, Cadet Claude Birkett Ferenbaugh. , Frank I. Hart, Cadet Adna Chaffee Hamilton. Harry R. Hayes, Cadet Harold Stuart Ruth. Alvin Bender ·on, Cadet Sterling Eugene Whitesides, jr; John F. P. Miller, Cadet Lewis Stone Sorley, jr. Jerome L. Allen, Cadet Albert Coady Wedemeyer. Albert R. Colwell, Cadet David Best Latimer. Carl J. Nerdahl, Cadet Ralph J. Miller. Glen R. Ogg, Cadet Isaac Wiley Finley. Eugene L. Richardson, Cadet John Leighton Denny. . Jay Smith, Cadet Roswell Boyle Hart. Charles E. Weickhardt, Cadet Haldor Hegland Myrah. Man-in G. Fox, Cadet Herbert Joseph Riess. Walter S. Gallagher, Cadet l\lartin Loeb. Learned L. Dean, Cadet Henry Ignatius Szymanski. Henry E. Keller, Cadet Ulric Lee Fomby. Merwin W. Arps, Cadet Frederick Brenton Porter. William W. Cole, Cadet Bryan Sewall Halter. John Kneubuehler, Cadet Gordon Leslie Chapllne. Harotd F. MacHugh, Cadet Hughes Steele. Ralph Lane, Cadet William B. Palmer. Joseph W. Storm, APPOINTME "TS AND PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. Karl E. P. Sorenson, Capt. Albert P. Niblack to be a rear admiraL Thomas F. Fahy, The following-named officers to be assistant naval constructors - Ray C. Hopkins, with the rank of lieutenant (junior grade) : Clarence M. l\1aloney, Willis C. Sutherland, Philip A. Wilson, Frederick E. Haeberle, James A. Maloney, Grover C. Klein, and Kenneth F. Horne, Norborne L. Rawlings. Jeremiah K. Cronin, The following-named pay inspectors to ,be pay directors, with Albert R. Myers, the rank of captain, for temporary service: Willis l\1. Young, and George R. Venable, Bennie C. Phillips. David V. Chadwick, The following-named ensigns to be lieutenants (junio~ grade) Trevor W. Leu tze, and for temporary service : Eugene C. Tobey. Otis A. Nickolas, The following-named paymasters to be pay inspectors, with Virgil E. Durden, the rank of commander, for temporary service: John T. Goree, Elijah H. Cope, Albert H. Siemer, William N. Hughes, Walter S. Mallory, jr., Harold W. Browning, Carl H. Zeiss, Harry E. Collins, Louis T. Young, Ellsworth H. Van Patten, .John R. Shuman, Maurice H. Karker, Edmund G. Flint, jr., Brainerd M. Dobson, Joseph H. Cox, John N. Jordan, John R. Montgomery, Lewis W. Jennings, jr., Clarence V. Lally, Charles E. Parsons, Clifford L. Fenton, John F. O'Mara, and Daviu 1\f. Gilmore, Raymond E. Corcoran_ Thomas L. R. Husselton, and Carpenter Everette 0. Smith to be an assistant naval con John P. Hillyard. structor, with the rank of lieutenant (junior grade), for tem The following-named warrant officers to· be ensigns for tern· porary service. porary se1·vice : Acting Pay Clerk Hunter J. Norton todJc· an. as istant pay Byron Williams, master, with the rank of ensign, for temporary sen'ice. Thomas Downs, Acting Pay Clerk Aner Erickson to be an assistant paymaster, George J. Tansey, with the rank of ensign, for temporary service. Alfred J. Butler, The following-named ensigns to be lieutenants (junior grade) "'.alter E. Stephen, and for temporary service : Jabez N. Phinney. Herschel P. Cook, The following-named enlisted men to be ensigns for tempo~ Charles R. Smith, rary service : Gordon M. Jackson, and Herbert B. Newton, Wilfred E. Schuit. Lafayette R. Jones, NoVEMBER 21'- 11634 ' CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. J Carl W. Frohrib. Oscar W. Larson, Odebolt. Laurence F. Hofer, Alvah M. Robinson, Reinbeck. John l\1. Kumra tkle, Clifton P. Sickles, Sioux llapids. Edward G. Robinson, and Anna M. Beck, Solon. Henry 0. Nicholas. Joseph S. Guynn, Traer. The following-named paymasters to be pay inspectors, with the Curl Wulkau, Williams. rank of commander, for temporary service: KANSAS. John F. Hatch and John w: Dean, -Blue Mound. Frederick G. Pyne. Eva Philbrick, Halstead. The following-named acting pay clerks to be assistant pay- Mollie F. Osburn, Jennings. masters, with the rank of ensign, for temporary serv= -- • Raymond R. Norris, Marquette. Percy W. McCord, Lodema _Bryant, Neosho Falls. Chm·Ies F. House, Anna L. Taylor, Russell. Louis W. Crane, LOUISIANA. George S. Corbeil, Calvin W. Schaeffer, Laurence E. Wilson, Oil City. William T. Ross, and Hugh J. Knight, Vidalia. Benjamin 0. Kilroy. MARYLAND. Asst. Paymaster 'Villium B. Young to be an assistant pay Alexander D. S. Harrower, Cockeysville, master, with rank of ensign, for temporary service. Thomas J. Coonan, 'Yestmtnster. Chief Pay Clerk Roscoe J. Dodd, retired, to be an assistant paymaster on the retired list of the Navy, with the rank of J.I.ASSACHUSETTS~ lieutenant, for temporary service. Charles J. Dacey, Conway. The following-named pay clerks on the retired list to be as John F. O'Connor, Wlnche.ster. sistant paymasters on the retired list, with the rank of lieu MICHIGA..~. tenant, for temporary ·service : Willis E. Warren, Capac. John W. Caum, Iiarry S. Morrow, Port Austin. Isaac T. Van Patten, Charles A. Jordan, Saline. Theodore G. Hansche, George A. 'Vhite, l!IN~ESOTA. Charles ,V. Loomis, Ruby M. Anderson, Argyle. Philip T. Lansdale, Hope Mouser, Gilbert. Ray E. Ames, Clara- A. Toftey, Grand 1\larais. William R. Pattison, Jay Jackson, Ruthton. George B. Kimberly, Lillian M. Reinholdson, Sandstone. Frederick H. Ramsay, _ Alice I\f. Anderson, Butterfield. Frederick K. Hunt, Wilbur M. Ohles, Nashwauk. 'Floyd C. Miller, Lee C. Peterson, Pillager. Hurry L. Miller, George I. Williams, Virginia. Matthew C. Kneip, and MISSOURI. Thomas S. Veitch. Pay CleJ;k John F. Flynn, retired, to be an assistant pay- Mary P. Fields, Lees Summit. muster on the retired list, with the rank of lieutenant (junior Thomas F. Weaver, Steele. grade), for temporary service. NEBRASKA. · PosTMASTERS. Ira P. Foreman, Allen. ALABAMA. Estella E. Murray, Belgrade. Charles J. Smer.sh, Brainard. Lillie C. Hays, Abbeville.· Elizabeth M. Lean, Clarks. 1\Iarcus 1\1. Russell, Attalla. John 0. Blauser, Diller. Grova Grace, Dora. Rainard B. \Vahlquist, Hastings. AniZONA. Harold Hjelmfelt, Holdrege. John H. Gibc:oon, Wins1ow. David C. Morgan, Plattsmouth. CALIFORNIA. Edward J. Whalen, Spalding. Theodore H. Abel, Coalinga. Charles A. Berry, Wayne. Andrew M. Isorn, Portola. George ,V. Campbell, Wymore. Harlan J. Woodward, Hamona. l\"'EW JERSEY. COLORADO. John P. Adair, Highlands. Robert T. DeFoor, Engle. Rufus 0. 'Valllng, K-eyport. Orion \V. Daggett, Redcliff. Harold Pi ttis, Lakehurst. FLORIDA. l'."'EW YOBK.. Ul~·ssis D. Kirk, Sebring. 'Villiam H. Murray, Albany. GEORGIA. George S. Vroman, Altamont. Frank 1\fc:Mahon, Belfast. John L. McMurray, Comer. John W. Thorp, Brewster. Albert S. Hardy, Gainesville. Marcus R. Zeh, Central Bridge. Mrs. Alexander S. Clay, Marietta. Hugh W. McClellan, Chatham. Clarence C. Jarrard, Maysville. lf'lorence E. Doane, Chazy. Robert C. Ayres, Royston. Harry F. House, Chester. ILLINOIS. Elbert G. House, Cuba. Alonzo E. Werts, Abingdon. Frederic W. Youmans, Delhi. •James L. Parks, Carbondale. Gertrude R. Neenan, East Bloomfiel