Statocysts and Statoliths of Scyphozoa

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Statocysts and statoliths of Scyphozoa Scyphozoans have complex sense organs (rhopalia) responsible for photoreception, equilibrium reception and sensory responses to other stimuli such as touch, chemicals and temperature. The rhopalia are located at the marginal rim of the bell; each rhopalium consists of a proximal basis and a distal statocyst. The statocyst serves together with sensory cilia as equilibrium sense of the medusa. The statocyst contains several up to thousands crystals (statoliths) consisting of calcium sulfate subhydrate (basanite). The crystals have a trigonal shape (habit) and their crystal faces are indexed as {3 0 2} (headfaces) and {1 0 0} (sidefaces). Ephyra with 14 rhopalia Rhopalium of an ephyra, b – basis, s – statocyst, rn – rhopalar niche, middle arrow shows statocyst width, right: arrow shows statocyst length Statocyst, µCT figure, left Statoliths under the light- Statolith under the Statolith labelled with statoliths labelled, right microscope scanning electron fluorescent marker calcein statoliths unlabelled microscope Statolith diagrams, left green line shows cut through short-axis of the statolith, right view on cut-plain of the statolith short axis References Tiemann H, Sötje I, Jarms G, Paulmann C, Epple M, Hasse, B (2002) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate in statoliths of deep-sea medusae. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions 1266-1268 Sötje I, Neues F, Epple M, Ludwig W, Rack A, Gordon M, Boese R, Tiemann H (2011) Comparison of the statolith structures of Chironex fleckeri (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) and Periphylla periphylla (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a phylogenetic approach. Marine Biology 158: 1149-1161. Holst S, Michalik P, Noske M, Krieger J, Sötje I (2016) Potential of X-ray micro-computed tomography for soft-bodied and gelatinous cnidarians with special emphasis on scyphozoan and cubozoan statoliths. Journal of Plankton Research Sötje I, Dishon T, Hoffmann F, Holst S (accepted) New methods of morphometric analyses on scyphozoan jellyfish statoliths including the first evidence for statolith growth using calcein as a fluorescent marker. Microscopy & Microanalysis © Ilka Sötje 2017 .

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