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Com Les Telecomunicacions Han Canviat El Mon COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluis Prat Viñas Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria de Telecomunicació de Barcelona Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 1835: EL TELÈGRAF ELÈCTRIC DE SAMUEL MORSE Samuel Morse COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya IMPACTE SOCIAL DEL TELÈGRAF Els diaris ben informats s’anomenaven “Daily Telegraph” Via de tren i fils telegràfics Neixen les agències de noticies i els corresponsals de premsa Revolució al món de la borsa COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ANTONIO MEUCCI. EL PRIMER INVENTOR DEL TELÈFON Instal·lació telefònica entre el taller i la cambra COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya A. GRAHAM BELL: QUI OBTINGUÉ LA PATENT DEL TELÈFON I CREÀ LA PRIMERA COMPANYIA TELEFÒNICA 1875: Bell Patent Associaton. 1876: Patent (sense prototip). 1877: Bell Telephone Company. 1878: Primera central telefònica. Alexander Graham Bell 1879: Es retiren multimilionaris COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya IMPACTE SOCIAL DEL TELÈFON TELÈFON: INSTRUMENT DE COMUNICACIÓ ENTRE IGUALS. 1878: Primera central telefònica «Hello girl»: Un ofici exclusivament femení. (Connecticut, 21 telèfons) COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya UN NOU INVENT: LA RADIO Un descobriment capital: les ones electromagnètiques 1864: James Clerk Maxwell 1888: Heinrich Hertz Vibració electromagnètica que Descobriment matemàtic Demostració física es propaga a 300.000 km/s COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya MARCONI: PUNTS I RATLLES SOBRE LES ONES 1897: patenta la radiotelegrafia a Anglaterra. 1899: comunicació sense fils a través del canal de la Mànega. Primer vaixell amb radiotelegrafia 1901: comunicació sense fils entre Europa i América. Glugielmo Marconi COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya La radio REGINALD AUBREY FESSENDEN: VEU I MÚSICA SOBRE LES ONES Modulació d’amplitud: AM 1906: Primera transmissió radiofònica Alternador d’Alexanderson: senoide de 75 kHz. Vàries tonelades de pes. COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya NEIX L’ELECTRÒNICA: LA TECNOLOGIA QUE FA POSSIBLE LA RADIO 1880: Efecte Edison en una 1904: Fleming inventa 1906: Forest inventa l’audion, vàlvula “bombeta” el diode de buit de buit que amplifica senyals Primera radio comercial : 1920. No s’havia descobert la publicitat radiofonica! COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya IMPACTE SOCIAL DE LA RADIODIFUSIÓ Canvi de costums familiars: tothom al voltant de la radio. Mitjà de comunicació de masses: «noticies» Canvi en l’entreteniment Adaptació de la “política” a la radio Difusió popular de la cultura. COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya UNA NOVA DÈRIA: LA TRANSMISSIÓ D’IMATGES … EN MOVIMENT 1877: Praxinoscopi de Reynaud 1884:El sistema de transmissió d’en Nipkow (persistencia visual) 1925: John Logie Baird i la seva televisió electromecànica Receptor de televisió electromecànica COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya LA TELEVISIÓ ELECTRÒNICA 1941: Estàndard americà: 500 línies i 30 quadres per segon 1952: Estàndard europeu: 625 línies i 25 La televisió de raigs catòdics quadres per segon 1956: Inici emissions de TV a Espanya 1973: Inici TV en color 1983: Inici TV3 Philo Farnsworth 1990: Inici TV privades COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya IMPACTE SOCIAL DE LA TELEVISIÓ ALGUNES DADES Quasi 4 hores diàries de televisió. Mitjana de 2,2 equips de TV en el 99,9% de les llars ASPECTES POSITIUS DE LA TV Informació immediata i a l’abast de tothom. Entreteniment i cultura ASPECTES NEGATIUS DE LA TV Manipulació de la informació Incitació al consumisme. Imposició de models socials de comportament COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya INTERNET: LA REVOLUCIÓ DELS ORDINADORS EN XARXA Desapareixen les fronteres i les distàncies COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya GRANS FITES EN EL DESENVOLUPAMENT D’INTERNET El gener 2019 hi ha 4.388 milions d’usuaris d’internet, el 57% de la població mundial (7.676 milions). A Espanya la penetració de internet arriba avui al 93% de la població. COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya L’IMPACTE SOCIAL DE INTERNET: UN NOU e-MON HA NASCUT * La e-informació * La e-comunicació * El e-correu * El e-comerç * La e-educació * La e-navegació * El e-treball COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya L’ÚLTIMA REVOLUCIÓ: LA MÒBIL La idea de la telefonia mòbil ve de lluny. Però mancava la tecnologia microelectrònica. Inici telefonia mòbil digital a Europa: 1991; a Espanya: 1996 (movistar) Cotxe de policia amb radiotelèfon (1921) Telèfon mòbil “clàssic” Projecte telefonia cel·lular (mòbil) del 1947 COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya UN NOU PAS DE ROSCA: ELS TELÈFONS INTEL·LIGENTS 2007: Apple comercialitza el iPhone: un telèfon intel·ligent (“smartphone”): Telefonia mòbil + internet + GPS + fotografia+ pantalla tàctil I a més a més una infinitat de noves utilitats: despertador, llanterna, brúixola, traductor, mirall,... Al gener del 2019 hi havia 5.112 milions de usuaris de mòbil al planeta, un 67% de la població mundial A Espanya, el 2019, els usuaris de mòbil intel·ligent son el 87% de la població. COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya IMPACTE DE LA REVOLUCIÓ MÒBIL Comunicació permanent entre persones, grups, i xarxes socials. Incidència en la política: “fake news”, xarxes socials. Una nova eina: la fotografia sempre a mà. Cada dia noves aplicacions: wallapop, blablacar,… COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya NOVETAT: LA GENERACIÓ MES GRAN UTILITZA LA TECNOLOGIA MES PUNTERA! COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya GRÀCIES PER LA SEVA ATENCIÓ COM LES TELECOMUNICACIONS HAN CANVIAT EL MON Lluís Prat Viñas Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.
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