Boron As a Tracer for Material Transfer
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Jürgen Reinmüller
JÜRGEN REINMÜLLER KLIMAVERHÄLTNISSE IN EXTREMEN HOCHGEBIRGEN DER ERDE Ergebnisse eines Sonderklimamessnetzes Diplomarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades „Magister der Naturwissenschaften“ an der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Betreuung durch: Ao. UNIV. PROF. DR. REINHOLD LAZAR Institut für Geographie und Raumforschung 2010 Eidesstattliche Erklärung 2 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich, Jürgen Reinmüller, erkläre hiermit, dass die vorliegende Diplomarbeit von mir selbst und ohne unerlaubte Beihilfe verfasst wurde. Die von mir benutzten Hilfsmittel sind im Literaturverzeichnis am Ende dieser Arbeit aufgelistet und wörtlich oder inhaltlich entnommene Stellen wurden als solche kenntlich gemacht. Admont, im März 2010 Jürgen Reinmüller Vorwort 3 Vorwort Die höchstgelegenen Bereiche der Hochgebirge der Erde weisen bis dato eine außerordentlich geringe Dichte an Klimastationen und damit ein Defizit an verfügbaren Klimadaten auf. Aussagen zu den thermischen Aspekten in den Gipfellagen extremer Hochgebirge jenseits der 6000 m Grenze konnten bis dato nur unbefriedigend erörtert werden. Als staatlich geprüfter Berg- und Schiführer und begeisterter Höhenbergsteiger liegen die beeindruckenden, hochgelegenen Gipfel seit Jahren in meinem Interessensbereich. Zudem sehe ich mich in meinem bergführerischen Arbeitsbereich zunehmend mit den Zeichen des aktuellen Klimawandels konfrontiert. Schmelzende Gletscher oder auftauender Permafrost stellen für Bergsteiger ein nicht unwesentliches Gefahrenpotential dar. Die durch das von Univ. Prof. Dr. Reinhold Lazar ins Leben gerufene Projekt HAMS.net (High Altitude Meteorological Station Network) gewonnenen Daten können künftig bei der Tourenplanung diverser Expeditionen miteinbezogen werden und stellen eine wichtige Grundlage für klimatologische Hochgebirgsforschung in großen Höhen dar. Ich selbst durfte dieses interessante Projekt durch den Data-Logger-Tausch am Aconcagua im Februar 2007 ein wenig unterstützen und werde dem Projekt auch in Zukunft mit Rat und Tat zur Seite stehen. -
Appendix A. Supplementary Material to the Manuscript
Appendix A. Supplementary material to the manuscript: The role of crustal and eruptive processes versus source variations in controlling the oxidation state of iron in Central Andean magmas 1. Continental crust beneath the CVZ Country Rock The basement beneath the sampled portion of the CVZ belongs to the Paleozoic Arequipa- Antofalla terrain – a high temperature metamorphic terrain with abundant granitoid intrusions that formed in response to Paleozoic subduction (Lucassen et al., 2000; Ramos et al., 1986). In Northern Chile and Northwestern Argentina this Paleozoic metamorphic-magmatic basement is largely homogeneous and felsic in composition, consistent with the thick, weak, and felsic properties of the crust beneath the CVZ (Beck et al., 1996; Fig. A.1). Neodymium model ages of exposed Paleozoic metamorphic-magmatic basement and sediments suggest a uniform Proterozoic protolith, itself derived from intrusions and sedimentary rock (Lucassen et al., 2001). AFC Model Parameters Pervasive assimilation of continental crust in the Central Andean ignimbrite magmas is well established (Hildreth and Moorbath, 1988; Klerkx et al., 1977; Fig. A.1) and has been verified by detailed analysis of radiogenic isotopes (e.g. 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd) on specific systems within the CVZ (Kay et al., 2011; Lindsay et al., 2001; Schmitt et al., 2001; Soler et al., 2007). Isotopic results indicate that the CVZ magmas are the result of mixing between a crustal endmember, mainly gneisses and plutonics that have a characteristic crustal signature of high 87Sr/86Sr and low 145Nd/144Nd, and the asthenospheric mantle (low 87Sr/86Sr and high 145Nd/144Nd; Fig. 2). In Figure 2, we model the amount of crustal assimilation required to produce the CVZ magmas that are targeted in this study. -
Full-Text PDF (Final Published Version)
Pritchard, M. E., de Silva, S. L., Michelfelder, G., Zandt, G., McNutt, S. R., Gottsmann, J., West, M. E., Blundy, J., Christensen, D. H., Finnegan, N. J., Minaya, E., Sparks, R. S. J., Sunagua, M., Unsworth, M. J., Alvizuri, C., Comeau, M. J., del Potro, R., Díaz, D., Diez, M., ... Ward, K. M. (2018). Synthesis: PLUTONS: Investigating the relationship between pluton growth and volcanism in the Central Andes. Geosphere, 14(3), 954-982. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01578.1 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY-NC Link to published version (if available): 10.1130/GES01578.1 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Geo Science World at https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01578.1 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: PLUTONS: Investigating the Relationship between Pluton Growth and Volcanism in the Central Andes GEOSPHERE Synthesis: PLUTONS: Investigating the relationship between pluton growth and volcanism in the Central Andes GEOSPHERE; v. 14, no. 3 M.E. Pritchard1,2, S.L. de Silva3, G. Michelfelder4, G. Zandt5, S.R. McNutt6, J. Gottsmann2, M.E. West7, J. Blundy2, D.H. -
Sr–Pb Isotopes Signature of Lascar Volcano (Chile): Insight Into Contamination of Arc Magmas Ascending Through a Thick Continental Crust N
Sr–Pb isotopes signature of Lascar volcano (Chile): Insight into contamination of arc magmas ascending through a thick continental crust N. Sainlot, I. Vlastélic, F. Nauret, S. Moune, F. Aguilera To cite this version: N. Sainlot, I. Vlastélic, F. Nauret, S. Moune, F. Aguilera. Sr–Pb isotopes signature of Lascar volcano (Chile): Insight into contamination of arc magmas ascending through a thick continental crust. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Elsevier, 2020, 101, pp.102599. 10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102599. hal-03004128 HAL Id: hal-03004128 https://hal.uca.fr/hal-03004128 Submitted on 13 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Copyright Manuscript File Sr-Pb isotopes signature of Lascar volcano (Chile): Insight into contamination of arc magmas ascending through a thick continental crust 1N. Sainlot, 1I. Vlastélic, 1F. Nauret, 1,2 S. Moune, 3,4,5 F. Aguilera 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France 2 Observatoire volcanologique et sismologique de la Guadeloupe, Institut de Physique du Globe, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR 7154, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France 3 Núcleo de Investigación en Riesgo Volcánico - Ckelar Volcanes, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile 4 Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile 5 Centro de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN), Av. -
Explora Atacama І Hikes
ATACAMA explorations explora Atacama І Hikes T2 Reserva Tatio T4 Cornisas Nights of acclimatization Nights of acclimatization needed: 2 needed: 0 Type: Half day Type: Half day Duration: 1h Duration: 2h 30 min Distance: 2,3 km / 1,4 mi Distance: 6,7 kms / 4,2 mi Max. Altitude: 4.321 m.a.s.l / Max. Altitude: 2.710 m.a.s.l / HIKES 14.176 f.a.s.l 8.891 f.a.s.l Description: This exploration Description: Departing by van, we offers a different way of visiting head toward the Catarpe Valley Our hikes have been designed according the Tatio geysers, a geothermal by an old road. From there, we to different interests and levels of skill. field with over 80 boiling water hike along the ledges of La Sal They vary in length and difficulty so we sources. In this trip there are Mountains, with panoramic views always recommend travelers to talk to their excellent opportunities of studying of the oasis, the Atacama salt flat, guides before choosing an exploration. the highlands fauna, which includes and The, La Sal, and Domeyko Every evening, guides brief travelers vicuñas, flamingos and foxes, Mountains, three mountain ranges on the different explorations, so that among others. We walk through the that shape the region’s geography. they can choose one that best fit their reserve with views of The Mountains By the end of the exploration we interests. Exploration times do not consider and steaming hot water sources. descend through Marte Valley’s sand transportation. Return to the hotel by van. -
Hoja Cachi.P65
Cachi 1 RESUMEN Pucará y Altos del Cajón de edad ordovícica repre- sentan el magmatismo paleozoico en la Cordillera La Hoja Geológica 2566-III, CACHI, está ubi- Oriental. cada en las provincias de Salta y Catamarca, en el Las sedimentitas cretácico-paleógenas del Gru- noroeste de Argentina. Esta cubre parte de dos pro- po Salta afloran en la Cordillera Oriental. Esta uni- vincias geológicas: la Puna en el oeste, la cual ocupa dad está integrada por los depósitos de sinrift del aproximadamente el 70% de la superficie de la Hoja, Subgrupo Pirgua, constituido por conglomerados y y la Cordillera Oriental o Subprovincia de las Cum- areniscas rojas, y las secuencias de postrift de los bres Calchaquíes, en el este. Subgrupos Balbuena y Santa Bárbara, integradas por Los pueblos de Payogasta, Cachi, Seclantas, Mo- areniscas, areniscas carbonáticas, pelitas y ocasio- linos y Angastaco constituyen las principales con- nales calizas correspondientes a las Formaciones centraciones urbanas en la parte oriental y las minas Lecho, Yacoraite, Mealla, Maíz Gordo y Lumbrera. Tincalayu y Fénix son los centros de desarrollo más El Paleógeno de la Puna está representado por importantes de la región puneña. Las principales ac- la Formación Geste, compuesta por conglomerados tividades económicas del sector oriental de la Hoja y areniscas, cuya fauna registra condiciones de cli- son la ganadería, agricultura y turismo, mientras que ma subtropical. La actividad del arco magmático en el sector occidental es la minería. andino y el acortamiento tectónico controlaron la Las provincias geológicas tienen una diferente naturaleza de las unidades neógenas en la Puna. Las expresión morfológica. -
The Boring Volcanic Field of the Portland-Vancouver Area, Oregon and Washington: Tectonically Anomalous Forearc Volcanism in an Urban Setting
Downloaded from fieldguides.gsapubs.org on April 29, 2010 The Geological Society of America Field Guide 15 2009 The Boring Volcanic Field of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Tectonically anomalous forearc volcanism in an urban setting Russell C. Evarts U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefi eld Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Richard M. Conrey GeoAnalytical Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA Robert J. Fleck Jonathan T. Hagstrum U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefi eld Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA ABSTRACT More than 80 small volcanoes are scattered throughout the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area of northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington. These vol- canoes constitute the Boring Volcanic Field, which is centered in the Neogene Port- land Basin and merges to the east with coeval volcanic centers of the High Cascade volcanic arc. Although the character of volcanic activity is typical of many mono- genetic volcanic fi elds, its tectonic setting is not, being located in the forearc of the Cascadia subduction system well trenchward of the volcanic-arc axis. The history and petrology of this anomalous volcanic fi eld have been elucidated by a comprehensive program of geologic mapping, geochemistry, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and paleomag- netic studies. Volcanism began at 2.6 Ma with eruption of low-K tholeiite and related lavas in the southern part of the Portland Basin. At 1.6 Ma, following a hiatus of ~0.8 m.y., similar lavas erupted a few kilometers to the north, after which volcanism became widely dispersed, compositionally variable, and more or less continuous, with an average recurrence interval of 15,000 yr. -
Convergent Margin Magmatism in the Central Andes and Its Near Antipodes in Western Indonesia: Spatiotemporal and Geochemical Considerations
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Morgan J. Salisbury for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology presented on June 3, 2011. Title: Convergent Margin Magmatism in the Central Andes and its Near Antipodes in Western Indonesia: Spatiotemporal and Geochemical Considerations Abstract approved: ________________________________________________________________________ Adam J.R. Kent This dissertation combines volcanological research of three convergent continental margins. Chapters 1 and 5 are general introductions and conclusions, respectively. Chapter 2 examines the spatiotemporal development of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex in the Lípez region of southwest Bolivia, a locus of a major Neogene ignimbrite flare- up, yet the least studied portion of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex of the Central Andes. New mapping and laser-fusion 40Ar/39Ar dating of sanidine and biotite from 56 locations, coupled with paleomagnetic data, refine the timing and volumes of ignimbrite emplacement in Bolivia and northern Chile to reveal that monotonous intermediate volcanism was prodigious and episodic throughout the complex. 40Ar/39Ar age determinations of 13 ignimbrites from northern Chile previously dated by the K-Ar method improve the overall temporal resolution of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex development. Together with new and updated volume estimates, the new age determinations demonstrate a distinct onset of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex ignimbrite volcanism with modest output rates beginning ~11 Ma, an episodic middle phase with the highest eruption rates between 8 and 3 Ma, followed by a general decline in volcanic output. The cyclic nature of individual caldera complexes and the spatiotemporal pattern of the volcanic field as a whole are consistent with both incremental construction of plutons as well as a composite Cordilleran batholith. -
Convergent Plate Margins, Subduction Zones, and Island Arcs
Convergent Plate Margins, Subduction Zones, and Island Arcs Bob Stern U TX Dallas GeoPRISMS Geodynamic Processes at RIfting and Subducting MarginS NSF-funded initiative – please look at NSF program anouncement Please go to GeoPRISMS.org for info about meetings etc. 2 main initiatives: Rift Initiation & Evolution (RIE) Subduction Cycles & Deformation (SCD) 3 sites: Alaska-Aleutian, Cascadia, New Zealand Structure of this Talk • Convergent plate margin, subduction zone, and arc-trench system definitions. • How upper and lower plates control arc- trench system behavior. • How do we study subduction zones? • Seismogenic Zone • Arc magmas A Few Definitions Convergent Plate Margin, Subduction Zone, and Arc-Trench System Convergent Plate Margin: 2-D (surficial) plate boundary that is geometrically required for Plate Tectonic theory. Subduction Zone: 3-D region defined by asymmetric sinking of lithosphere into the mantle. Defined by earthquakes at depths <670 km and can be traced deeper with seismic tomography. Subduction Zones are not required by Plate Tectonic theory (although some way to destroy plate is. Arc-trench system: bathymetric and crustal expression of tectonic and magmatic processes above a subduction zone sometimes called “island arc”, “magmatic arc”, or just “arc”. Ancient arcs and subduction zones are recognized in the geologic record. E.g. ExTerra inititiative Convergent Plate Margins Aleutians Cascadia Hikurangi 55,000 km of subduction zones and continental collision zones Boxes show GeoPRISMS SCD focus sites Convergent Plate Margins are geometric requirements of Euler theorem = surficial features, like Divergent and Conservative Plate Boundaries No information in Plate Tectonic theory about how plates are destroyed. In fact, the process of destroying lithosphere requires a third dimension (subduction zone), which is not required by the other two plate boundaries. -
Middle Jurassic Volcanism in the Northern and Central Andes
Middle Jurassic volcanism in the Northern and Central Andes Natalie Romeuf Laboralolre de Pélrologie Magmalique, URA CNRS 1277, CEREGE, BP 80, Universilé d' Aix-Marsellle 111, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cédex 04, France Luis Aguirre Laboralolre de Pélrologie Magmalique, URA CNRS 1277, CEREGE, BP 80, UniversHé d' Aix Marseille 111, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cédex 04, France Presenl address: Departamenlo de Geologla, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 13518, Correo 21, Sanllago Pierre Soler OrsIom, URl H, Départemenl TOA, 213 rue lafayeHe, 75480 Paris Cédex lO, France el Laboralolre de Mlnéralogle, URA CNRS 736, MNHM, 61 rue BuHon, 75005 Paris, France Gilbert Féraud Inslilul de Géodynamique, URA CNRS 1279,UniversHé de Nice-Sofia Anlipolis, Pare Valrose, 06034 Nice Cédex, France Etienne Jaillard Misión Orslom, Apartado 17-11-06596, Cuno, Ecuador and Orslom, UR1H, Départemenl TOA, 213 rue LafayeHe, 75480 Paris Cédex lO, France Gilles Ruffet Inslilul de Géodynamique, URA CNRS 1279,UniversHé de Nice-Sofia Anlipolls, Pare Val rose , 06034 Nice Cédex, France ABSTRACT Stratigraphical, petrographical, geochronological and geochemical data available suggest that the various segments 01 the westem margin 01 South America experienced a different geodynamic evolution throughout the Jurassic_ In the early Jurassic, the Northem Andes were characterized by an extensional tectonic regime whereas in the Central Andes subduction led to the emplacement 01 a calc-alkaline magmatism. During the middle Jurassic (Bathonian to Oidordian), an active subduction, perpendicular to the continental margin, generated a magmatic arc (Misahuallí/Colán are) along the Northem Andes, The volcanic products are medium to high K calc-alkaline rocks composad 01 basaltic andesitic t:> myolitic lavas and acid pyroclastic rocks (ignimbrites, unwelded tuffs, volcanogenic sandstones and breccias). -
Upper Crustal Differentiation Processes and Their Role in 238U-230Th
Journal of South American Earth Sciences 102 (2020) 102672 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of South American Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsames Upper crustal differentiation processes and their role in 238U-230Th disequilibria at the San Pedro-Linzor volcanic chain (Central Andes) T ∗ Benigno Godoya, , Lucy McGeeb,1, Osvaldo González-Maurelc,d, Inés Rodrígueze, Petrus le Rouxd, Diego Morataa, Andrew Menziesf a Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes (CEGA) y Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile b Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia c Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos, 0610, Antofagasta, Chile d Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa e Departamento de Obras Civiles y Geología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, 02950, Chile f Bruker Nano GmbH, Am Studio 2D, Berlin 12489, Germany ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: U-series data are combined with major and trace element constraints to construct a detailed view of the mag- U-series disequilibria matic system feeding the San Pedro-Linzor volcanic chain, aiding the understanding of how stratovolcanoes in San Pedro – Linzor volcanic chain extremely thick arc crust evolve. Lavas from the Quaternary San Pedro-Linzor volcanic chain (Central Andes) 238 U excess 238 230 238 have ( U/ Th) ranging from 1.015 to 1.072, with U excess even in the less evolved (~57 wt% SiO2) Subduction zone magmatism analyzed lavas. Contrary to well-established trends between fluid mobile elements and 238U excess, Amphibole fractionation 238 230 ( U/ Th)0 shows no systematic correlation with ratios indicative of fluid-driven melting (e.g. -
RESEARCH Geochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar
RESEARCH Geochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of lavas from Tunupa volcano, Bolivia: Implications for plateau volcanism in the central Andean Plateau Morgan J. Salisbury1,2, Adam J.R. Kent1, Néstor Jiménez3, and Brian R. Jicha4 1COLLEGE OF EARTH, OCEAN, AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY, CORVALLIS, OREGON 97331, USA 2DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES, DURHAM UNIVERSITY, DURHAM DH1 3LE, UK 3UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS, INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES GEOLÓGICAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE, CASILLA 3-35140, LA PAZ, BOLIVIA 4DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN–MADISON, MADISON, WISCONSIN 53706, USA ABSTRACT Tunupa volcano is a composite cone in the central Andean arc of South America located ~115 km behind the arc front. We present new geochemical data and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations from Tunupa volcano and the nearby Huayrana lavas, and we discuss their petrogenesis within the context of the lithospheric dynamics and orogenic volcanism of the southern Altiplano region (~18.5°S–21°S). The Tunupa edifice was constructed between 1.55 ± 0.01 and 1.40 ± 0.04 Ma, and the lavas exhibit typical subduction signatures with positive large ion lithophile element (LILE) and negative high field strength element (HFSE) anomalies. Relative to composite centers of the frontal arc, the Tunupa lavas are enriched in HFSEs, particularly Nb, Ta, and Ti. Nb-Ta-Ti enrichments are also observed in Pliocene and younger monogenetic lavas in the Altiplano Basin to the east of Tunupa, as well as in rear arc lavas elsewhere on the central Andean Plateau. Nb concentrations show very little variation with silica content or other indices of differentiation at Tunupa and most other central Andean composite centers.