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The Lee Center for Advanced Networking CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE of TECHNOLOGY 2 the Lee Center Table of Contents

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The Lee Center for Advanced Networking CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE of TECHNOLOGY 2 the Lee Center Table of Contents The Lee Center for Advanced Networking CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 2 the lee center table of contents The Lee Center for Advanced Networking CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY introduction ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 f o r w a r d ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 research overview Natural Information Networks ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 Sense and Respond Systems ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 The Architecture of Robust, Evolvable Networks ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 Research in Two-sided Matching Markets ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 Network Equivalence ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Low-power Data Communication Circuits for Advanced Integrated Systems ���������������������������������������������������������20 Distributed Integrated Circuit Design for the 21st Century ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 Wireless Networks ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������26 Towards the Limits of Network Performance �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������30 Networking Lab �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34 Market Research in the Lee Center �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������38 Radio Transmitters ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������40 High-Q for Photons �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������42 Better Network Design Through Measurement and Modeling ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 Optoelectronic Phase-lock Techniques for the Phase and Frequency Control of a Semiconductor Laser �����������50 impact beyond research Wavestream Corporation ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 52 CMOS Power ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������54 The Aerospace Corporation in the Lee Center ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������56 Lee Center & the IST Initiative ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������58 2007 Urban Grand Challenge ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������60 3 introduction his booklet has been created to highlight and celebrate the accomplishments of the Lee t Center for Advanced Networking, founded in 1999� It also serves as a thank you to Dr� David Lee whose vision and generosity made the Lee Center for Advanced Networking at the California In- stitute of Technology a reality� David Lee wanted the Lee Center to support a dis- tinctive class of research projects that are smaller and higher risk� “I wanted to give these scientists more flex- ibility, and allow them to explore where their research takes them�” This philosophy inspired the research conducted by the members of the Lee Center� In regard to this booklet, I would like to thank the interdisciplinary group of faculty and researchers for their contributions; as well as Kerry Vahala, the cur- rent director of the Lee Center, and David Rutledge, the past director, for their research vision, leadership, and service� Finally, I would also like to express our gratitude to Richard (Dick) Edmiston for his guidance and advice to the Lee Center; and to Charles Wheatley for support of the yearly workshop� Ares Rosakis Chair, Division of Engineering and Applied Science 4 the lee center f o r w a r d he Lee Center is the vision of Caltech gradu- Both the ten-year lifespan and support level of the t ate and venture capitalist, David Lee, whose Lee Center are comparable to certain National Science David and Ellen Lee Foundation donated $10 Foundation centers (MRSEC or STC)� However, these million to establish a center for networking re- government-funded centers tend be conservative in search over a ten-year period� Rather than support their scope, and focus on established research topics a specific single program, Lee intended the Center’s so as to gain both recognition and traction within the researchers to have free rein “to start a lot of little proj- peer review system� In contrast, the Lee Center targets ects” under the broad theme of networks� Moreover, and literally seeds truly exploratory work� Successful the center, by design, would allow “people with differ- projects within the Lee Center lead to much larger ef- ent areas of expertise to mix together,” and thereby cre- forts that could become government sponsored initia- ate new synergies for research� Finally, the center would tives or company startups, thereby greatly leveraging provide a powerful recruiting tool to attract the best center dollars� and brightest faculty hires to Caltech� In summary, the Center has been a tremendous In a time when funding for research has become success� David Lee’s idea to enable free rein “to start ever more focused and conservative in scope, the Lee a lot of little projects” fills a crucial gap in how science Center has created opportunities to explore those is supported; and when combined with the breadth of highest risk ideas that are most difficult to support, but the center’s research scope this has enabled a range for which the impact can be greatest� In doing so, it has of important outcomes and synergies even beyond the had a far ranging impact on Caltech and research in support of research itself� general� The impact of the Lee center is documented pri- Its core research mission has resulted in hundreds marily through the online record of all center-support- of peer-reviewed publications spanning devices, sys- ed publications; and is available at the Lee center web- tems and networks� In addition, the center has provided site� However, faculty appointments, ongoing research a focus to cross-fertilize traditionally disparate subject initiatives, breakthroughs that have launched startup areas� Its biweekly faculty seminar lunch has brought companies, and scientific collaborations both inside together a diverse group of researchers; and the Lee and outside Caltech also provide testament to its im- center yearly workshop has served to summarize and pact� regularly review progress� Through these center-spon- This booklet gives a brief account of the Center’s sored interactions, new research initiatives have been accomplishments� It is organized into two parts� The inspired, such as the Information Science and Technol- first section describes research results in the words of ogy Initiative (IST), now located in the newly built An- the center members themselves; and a second section nenberg building� Also, research synergies have been describes some, but not all, of the other areas of im- identified, and have enabled breakthroughs such as pact� It is our hope that David Lee’s vision can serve as high-frequency, CMOS power circuits for wireless sys- a model for the funding of future research at Caltech� tems� Moreover, several startup companies have strong ties with member groups or have derived their technol- ogy inspiration from center-funded research� The possibility of membership in the Lee center has helped in recruiting some seven new professors; and financial support from the center has accelerated their research-program startup process� At the same Kerry Vahala time, their interaction with other members from dif- Director, 2007-2010 ferent disciplines has provided opportunities to open new research vistas� The Lee Center has also helped to support campus projects such as the DARPA grand challenge, faculty visits from other research institu- tions, interactions with industry; and even projects to create local wireless hotspots on campus, long before David Rutledge there was a campus-wide wireless network� Director, 2000-2006 spring 2010 5 research overview Natural Information Networks A Universal Paradigm by Jehoshua (Shuki) Bruck laude Shannon established the field of in an emergence of a large area of connected discs? c Information Theory in 1948. His ground- This critical event, the emergence of a large connect- breaking work provided a quantitative char-
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