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Hemiptera: Psylloidea) De La Region Norte Del Estado De Sinaloa, México

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Hemiptera: Psylloidea) De La Region Norte Del Estado De Sinaloa, México ! ! Universidad*Autónoma*de*Sinaloa* Colegio'en'Ciencias'Agropecuarias' Facultad'de'Agricultura'del'Valle'del'Fuerte' Maestría*en*Ciencias*Agropecuarias* ' ' * PSÍLIDOS*(HEMIPTERA:*PSYLLOIDEA)*DE*LA*REGIÓN*NORTE*DEL* ESTADO*DE*SINALOA,*MÉXICO.* ' * Que*para*obtener*el*grado*de*Maestro*en*Ciencias* Agropecuarias* * PRESENTA:* ARTURO*GONZALEZ*ALFARO* * DIRECTOR(A)*DE*TESIS:* DR.*GABRIEL*ANTONIO*LUGO*GARCÍA* * COSDIRECTOR(A)*DE*TESIS:* DRA.*LAURA*DELIA*ORTEGA*ARENAS* * ASESORES:* DR.*BARDO*HELEODORO*SÁNCHEZ*SOTO* DR.*JUAN*FERNANDO*SÁNCHEZ*PORTILLO* ' ' Culiacán*de*Rosales,*Sinaloa,*México,*a*Junio*de*2020' i! ! ! ! UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE SINALOA COLEGIO DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA CULIACÁN FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA VALLE DEL FUERTE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEL MAR FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA VALLE DEL CARRIZO En la Ciudad de Culiacán Rosales, Sinaloa, el día 20 de enero del año 2020, el que suscribe Arturo González Alfaro, alumno del Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias, con número de cuenta 1018444-9, de la Unidad Académica Facultad de Agricultura del valle del Fuerte, del Colegio de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la UAS, manifiesta que es autor intelectual del presente trabajo de Tesis bajo la dirección del Dr. Gabriel Antonio Lugo Garcia y Dra. Laura Delia Ortega Arenas y cede los derechos del trabajo titulado “Psílidos (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) de la Region Norte del Estado de Sinaloa, México. ”, a la Facultad de Agricultura del Valle del Fuerte, del Colegio de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, para su difusión, con fines académicos y de investigación por medios impresos y digitales, todo esto en apego al artículo 27 de la Ley Federal de Derechos de Autor. La Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (LFDA) de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México) protege el contenido de la presente tesis. Los usuarios de la información contenida en ella deberán citar obligatoriamente la tesis como fuente, dónde la obtuvo y mencionar al autor intelectual. Cualquier uso distinto como el lucro, reproducción, edición o modificación, será perseguido y sancionado por el respectivo titular de los Derechos de Autor. ATENTAMENTE Arturo González Alfaro CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: [email protected] CURP: GOAA920216HSLNLR01 i! ! DEDICATORIA* ' A'mis'padres,'Arturo'González'Ramos'y'Ma.'Victoria'Alfaro'Cortez,'por'creer'en'mí' y'apoyarme'para'poder'salir'adelante'con'mis'estudios,'porque'siempre'estuvieron' ahí'cuando'los'necesité,'por'los'consejos'que'me'dieron'y'me'ayudaron'mucho'a' lo'largo'de'este'camino.'' ' A'mi'esposa'Cynthia'Guadalupe'Lugo'Garcia,'por'el'apoyo'brindado,'por'confiar'en' mí,'por'estar'a'mi'lado'y'darme'ánimos'para'seguir'adelante.' ' A' mi' hijo' Ángel' Arturo' González' Lugo,' por' ser' el' motor' que' me' impulsó' a' salir' adelante,'por'darme'ánimos,'por'estar'siempre'a'mi'lado'y'por'ser'el'motivo'más' grande'para'continuar'en'este'camino'y'cumplir'una'meta'más.' ' Mi'hermana,'Yesenia'González'Alfaro'por'los'consejos'que'me'dio'y'por'no'dejarme' sólo'cuando'más'la'necesité.'' ' A' mi' familia,' mi' tía' Margarita' Alfaro' Cortéz,' porque' siempre' estaba' ahí' para' ayudarme'cuando'la'necesité,'por'los'consejos'que'me'dio'y'por'todo'el'apoyo' brindado'a'lo'largo'de'todo'este'tiempo.' ' A'toda'mi'familia'en'general'que'se'preocupó'por'mí,'que'me'aconsejaba'y'me' ofrecieron'el'apoyo'para'poder'concluir'con'mis'estudios.'' * * * * * * ! ! ii! ! AGRADECIMIENTOS' Gracias'a'Dios'por'permitirme'cumplir'una'meta'más'al'lado'de'mi'familia,'gracias' a'mi'familia'por'apoyarme'a'lo'largo'de'mi'vida,'por'ayudarme'a'salir'adelante'con' mis'estudios'de'maestría'y'por'todos'los'consejos'que'me'dieron.' ' Gracias'al'Consejo'Nacional'de'Ciencia'y'Tecnología'(CONACYT)'por'el'apoyo' económico'otorgado'para'poder'solventar'los'gastos'de'mis'estudios'de'maestría'y' así'poder'cumplir'una'meta'más.' ' 'A'la'Universidad'Autónoma'de'Sinaloa,'al'Colegio'de'Ciencias'Agropecuarias'por' abrirme' las' puertas' y' darme' la' oportunidad' de' prepararme' profesionalmente' y' adquirir'nuevos'conocimientos.' ' A'mis'profesores'y'miembros'de'mi'comité'tutorial,'por'todo'el'apoyo'brindado,'por' transmitirme'parte'de'sus'conocimientos'y'ayudarme'a'concluir'mis'estudios.' ' Al'Dr,'Bardo'Heleodoro'Sánchez'Soto'por'formar'parte'de'mi'comité,'por'el'apoyo' brindado'y'por'las'correcciones'hechas'en'el'transcurso'de'mi'redacción'de'tesis.' ' Al'Dr.'Gabriel'Antonio'Lugo'Garcia,'por'confiar'en'mí'y'ser'mi'director'de'tesis,' gracias'por'ayudarme'a'salir'adelante'y'por'todo'el'apoyo'brindado'a'lo'largo'de' mis'estudios'de'maestría,'por'sus'consejos,'regaños'y'correcciones'realizadas'a'mi' trabajo.' ' A'mi'compañero'de'clases,'Andrés'Beltrán'por'ser'un'buen'compañero'y'por'el' apoyo'brindado'a'lo'largo'de'todo'este'tiempo'que'convivimos'en'la'escuela.' ' ' ' ' ! ! iii! ! CONTENIDO' PÁGINA* INDICE*DE*CUADROS................................................................................' viii' INDICE*DE*FIGURAS..................................................................................'' ix' RESUMEN...................................................................................................' xii' ABSTRACT.................................................................................................' xiii' I.*INTRODUCCIÓN.....................................................................................' 1' II.*REVISIÓN*DE*LITERATURA..................................................................' 3' 2.1'Ubicación'taxonómica'de'la'superfamilia'Psylloidea.............................' 3' 2.2'Descripción'de'la'superfamilia'Psylloidea..............................................' 4' 2.2.1'Cabeza................................................................................................' 5' 2.2.2'Tórax...................................................................................................' 5' 2.2.3'Alas.....................................................................................................' 6' 2.2.4'Patas...................................................................................................' 7' 2.2.5'Abdomen.............................................................................................' 7' 2.2.6'Ciclo'de'vida………………………………………………………………..' 7' 2.3'Descripción'del'estado'inmaduro'de'Psyliidae…………………..............' 8' 2.3.1'Huevo……………………….................................................................' 8' 2.3.2'Ninfa……………………………….........................................................' 8' 2.3.3'Biología………….................................................................................' 8' III.*HIPOTESIS.............................................................................................' 9' IV.*OBJETIVOS...........................................................................................' 9' V.*MATERIAL*Y*MÉTODOS.......................................................................' 10' 5.1'Área'de'estudio......................................................................................' 10' ! ! iv! ! 5.2'Recolecta'e'identificación'de'hospederas…...........................................' 10' 5.3'Recolecta'e'identificación'de'insectos....................................................' 11' 6.*RESULTADOS*Y*DISCUSIÓN................................................................' 12' 6.1'Calophyidae:'Calophya(spondiadis........................................................' 14' 6.1.1'Material'examinado.............................................................................' 14' 6.1.2'Diagnosis............................................................................................' 14' 6.1.3'Ninfa………………………………………………………………………..' 15' 6.1.4'Biología…………………………………………………………………….' 15' 6.1.5'Distribución………………………………………………………………..' 17' 6.1.6'Hospederos………………………………………………………………..' 17' 6.2'Aphalaridae:'Blastopsylla(occidentalis..................................................' 18' 6.2.1'Material'examinado.............................................................................' 18' 6.2.2'Diagnosis............................................................................................' 18' 6.2.3'Ninfa………………………………………………………………………..' 19' 6.2.4'Biología…………………………………………………………………….' 19' 6.2.5'Distribución………………………………………………………………..' 20' 6.2.6'Hospederos………………………………………………………………..' 20' 6.3'Psyllidae:'Freysuila(dugesi……………...................................................' 21' 6.3.1'Material'examinado.............................................................................' 21' 6.3.2'Diagnosis............................................................................................' 21' 6.3.3'Ninfa………………………………………………………………………..' 22' 6.3.4'Distribución………………………………………………………………..' 26' ! ! v! ! 6.3.5'Hospederos………………………………………………………………..' 26' 6.4'Euphaleurus(nidifex……………………...................................................' 26' 6.4.1'Material'examinado.............................................................................' 26' 6.4.2'Diagnosis............................................................................................' 26' 6.4.4'Biología…………………………………………………………………….' 27' 6.4.5'Distribución………………………………………………………………..' 28' 6.4.6'Hospederos………………………………………………………………..' 28' 6.5'Heteropsylla(cubana………….………...................................................' 29' 6.5.1'Material'examinado.............................................................................' 29' 6.5.2'Diagnosis............................................................................................'
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