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Azzurro Orsa Maggiore 2 0.Pdf Guida Semplice alle Costellazioni del Cielo Ursa Major Simple Guide to the Heaven Constellation Marcello Scarponi friend of the Team of the International Teaching Astronomy Project versione 02 .00 pagina 1 Questo lavoro è parte del Progetto Internazionale per l’Insegnamento dell’Astronomia ed è dedicato ad attività educative. Quindi non è per profitto e non può essere venduto o usato per fini commerciali. Dobbiamo un ringraziamento a tutti coloro che ci hanno messo a disposizione le loro foto. Queste sono usate esclusivamente per finalità educative all’interno del progetto e hanno requisiti scientifici, educativi e non per profitto. Le immagini usate rimangono di proprietà degli autori e a questo scopo sulle immagini del database fotografico del progetto è scritto il loro nome. In questo lavoro sono scritti solo i nomi diversi da quelli degli autori di questo volume. Questa prima edizione sarà sicuramente oggetto di revisioni effettuate, nell'ambito del progetto, sulla base di collaborazioni con gli altri paesi partecipanti. This work is part of the International Teaching Astronomy Project and is dedicated to educational activities. It has therefore not for profit and may not be sold or used for commercial purposes . We owe thanks to all those from whom we took some photos. These were used exclusively for educational purposes within the project and meet the requirements in terms of scientific , educational and not for profit usage. The images used remain the property of the authors and for this purpose on the images of the photographic database of the project is written their name. In this work, are written only the names different by the authors of this volume. This first edition will surely be subject to revisions that will aris, in the context of the project , based on collaborations with the other participating countries . pagina 2 URSA MAIOR - ORSA MAGGIORE (UMA) URSA MAIOR - ORSA MAGGIORE (UMA) Questa costellazione è certamente fra tutte quella This constellation is certainly among the most più popolare ed è la costellazione più facilmente popular and is the The most recognizable riconoscibile dell'emisfero boreale. È la terza per constellation of the Northern Hemisphere. It's ordine di grandezza di tutto il firmamento. Già fra the third for Order of magnitude of all gli antichi sumeri era conosciuta con il nome di firmament. Already among the ancient MAR.GID.DA, che significa il carro, mentre gli Sumerians was known as MAR.GID.DA, which Egiziani vi videro un ippopotamo. Per i romani Means the chariot, while the Egyptians saw a erano Septem Triones, i sette buoi incastonati in hippo. For the Romans Were Septem Triones, cielo dei quali è guardiano Boote; da questo the seven buons set in heaven who are guardians deriva il vocabolo settentrione (il nord). Per i Galli Boote; From this comes the northern word (the era un cinghiale. mentre per gli Arabi esse north). For the Gauls it was a boar. While for the rappresentavano un feretro e gli inglesi la Arabs they represented a coffin and the British chiamano "la casseruola". In Irlanda era They call "the casserole". In Ireland it was conosciuta con il nome di King David's Chariot, il known as King David's Chariot, King David's carro di Re Davide, uno degli antichi re dell'isola. chariot, one of the old kingdoms on the island. I contadini del continente eurasiatico la vedevano The peasants of the Eurasian continent saw them come un aratro tirato da buoi. Altri immaginarono as a plow pulled by oxen. Others They imagined di vedere in quel gruppo di stelle chi un mestolo to see in that group of stars who a ladle who one chi una mannaia, chi addirittura una chioccia Grasshopper, who even a chicken followed by seguita dai pulcini. Curiosamente anche gli indiani chicks. Curiously too The Indians of America d'America immaginavano in questo asterismo una imagined in this asterism a golden figure. figura d'orsa. A causa della precessione degli Because of the precession of equinoxes once the equinozi un tempo la costellazione dell'Orsa constellation of Orsa The greater was closer to Maggiore era più vicina al polo celeste, per cui si the celestial pole, so it can be assumed that the può ipotizzare che il termine artico sia derivato Arctic term is derived from the word árktos and dalla parola árktos che in greco significa "orso". in Greek means "bear". Two are the recurring Due sono i miti ricorrenti nella mitologia greca myths in classical Greek mythology. The first classica. Il primo identifica le due orse con le due identifies The two bears with the two mothers of nutrici di Zeus, e Ida. Crono, padre di Zeus, Zeus, and Ida. Crono, father of Zeus, devoured divorava tutti i suoi figli poiché un oracolo gli All his children, because an oracle had aveva profetizzato che uno dei suoi figli, divenuto prophesied that one of his own Children, who adulto, lo avrebbe detronizzato. Zeus fu nascosto became adult, would dethrone him. Zeus was alla vista del padre sul monte Ida, allevato dalle hiding at the sight of the Father on Mount Ida, due nutrici e sorvegliato dai Cureti, guerrieri raised by the two nurses and guarded by the cretesi, che continuamente battevano le loro lance Cureti, Cretan warriors, who continually beat contro gli scudi per sovrastare con quel rumore il their spears against the shields To overwhelm pianto del divino bambino. Come premio del loro the cry of the divine child with that noise. As the servigio Zeus pose in cielo Adrastiea con le award of the Their service Zeus posed in sembianze di orsa maggiore e Ida con quelle di Adrastiea sky with the semblance of bigger bear orsa minore. L'altro mito più conosciuto invece and Ida with those of smaller bear. The other identifica l'Orsa Maggiore con la ninfa Callisto. best-known myth instead identifies the Big Bear Callisto era, a seconda delle tradizioni, o una with the nymph Callisto. Callisto was, depending vergine ninfa dei boschi o una vergine figlia di on the traditions, or a virgin nymph of the Licaone re dell'Arcadia, che faceva parte del Woods or a virgin daughter of Licaeus king of corteo di Artemide. Un giorno Zeus la vide e se ne the Arcadia, who was part of the Artemide innamorò. Siccome Callisto fuggiva da tutti gli procession. One day Zeus saw her and fell in uomini, Zeus per avvicinarla assunse le sembianze love. As Callisto Fleeing from all men, Zeus to di Artemide e una volta che la ebbe tra le braccia approach her assumed the semblance of Artemis pagina 3 si rivelò e si unì a lei. Callisto cercò in tutti i modi and once she had her in her arms, she turned and di nascondere la gravidanza sino a quando joined her. Callisto sought in all ways to conceal Artemide, accaldata, propose a tutte le sue pregnancy as long as Artemis, warm, suggested accompagnatrici di bagnarsi nude in ruscello. to all her escorters to bathe naked In the brook. Venuta a conoscenza dell'accaduto, meditò la sua When he learned of the incident, he meditated on vendetta. Una volta che Callisto ebbe dato alla his revenge. A When Callisto gave birth to his luce suo figlio Arcade, la trasformò in orsa. son Arcade, he turned it into gold. Callisto Callisto mantenne una coscienza umana e maintained a human conscience and continued to continuò a vagare per i boschi lamentandosi della wander through the woods Lamenting her sua condizione fino al giorno in cui Arcade, ormai condition until the day when Arcade, by now quindicenne e ignaro della sorte della madre, la Fifteen years old and ignorant of the mother's uccise. A seguito dell'accaduto Callisto fu portata fate, she killed her. Following the incident in cielo con le sembianze di Orsa Maggiore e Callisto was brought to heaven with the Arcade con quelle del Boote. Era, adirata per appearance of Orsa Maggiore and Arcade with l'ulteriore affronto patito da Zeus, chiese ed Those of Boote. He was angry for the further ottenne che la costellazione dell'Orsa Maggiore affliction suffered by Zeus, he asked And he vagasse perennemente i cielo senza mai trovare found that the Big Bear constellation wandered riposo nelle acque dell'Oceano, ovvero non perennially Heaven without ever resting in the potesse mai tramontare. La alpha Ursae Majoris è waters of the ocean, or could not never go down. detta Dubhe, abbreviazione dall'arabo "al tharr al The alpha Ursae Majoris is called Dubhe, dubb al akbar" che significa il "dorso della grande abbreviation of the Arabic "al tharr al Dubb to orsa". Beta Ursae Majoris è chiamata Mérak, da the akbar "which means the" back of the big "al marakk" (il "lombo", mentre per altri è "le reni bear". Beta Ursae Majoris is called Mérak, from del grande orso"). La gamma è Fegda (la coscia), "to marakk" (the "loose", while for Others are la delta è Megrez (la radice della coda), la epsilon "the big bear kidneys"). The range is Fegda (the è Alioth (il cavallo nero). L'ultima stella della thigh), the delta is Megrez (the root of the tail), coda, eta Ursae Majoris, viene indicata come the epsilon is Alioth (the black horse). The last Benetnasch dall'arabo "al ka'id al na'ash", la Star of the tail, eta Ursae Majoris, is referred to "prima delle prefiche", in quanto gli antichi arabi as Benetnasch by the Arab "Al ka'id al na'ash", preislamici vedevano nella costellazione una "bara "the first of the prefics", as the ancient Arabs seguita da tre sorelle piangenti".
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