1.0 Scope and Application 1.1 Analytes. Analyte CAS No. Sensitivity Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) 7783-06-4 8 Mg/M3—740 Mg/M3, (6
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Cadmium- Toxfaqs™
Cadmium- ToxFAQs™ CAS # 7440-43-9 This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about cadmium. For more information, call the CDC Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to cadmium happens mostly in the workplace where cadmium products are made. The general population is exposed from breathing cigarette smoke or eating cadmium contaminated foods. Cadmium damages the kidneys, lungs, and bones. Cadmium has been found in at least 1,014 of the 1,669 National Priorities List (NPL) sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What is cadmium? How might I be exposed to cadmium? Cadmium is a natural element in the earth’s crust. It is • Eating foods containing cadmium; low levels are usually found as a mineral combined with other elements found in all foods (highest levels are found in leafy such as oxygen (cadmium oxide), chlorine (cadmium vegetables, grains, legumes, and kidney meat). chloride), or sulfur (cadmium sulfate, cadmium sulfide). • Smoking cigarettes or breathing cigarette smoke. All soils and rocks, including coal and mineral fertilizers, • Breathing contaminated workplace air. contain some cadmium. Most cadmium used in the United States is extracted during the production of other metals • Drinking contaminated water. like zinc, lead, and copper. -
METASTABILITY of CADMIUM SULFATE and ITS EFFECT on ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE of SATURATED STANDARD CELLS by George W
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF C OMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS RESEARCH PAPER RP1389 Part of Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Volume 26, May 1941 METASTABILITY OF CADMIUM SULFATE AND ITS EFFECT ON ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE OF SATURATED STANDARD CELLS By George W. Vinal and Langhorne H. Brickwedde ABSTRACT Both solubility and electromot ive force measurements are concordant in fixing the transition temperature of CdSOf.8/3HzO to CdSOf.HzO, at 43.4°C. Previously the transition temperature was genera.lly believed to be 74° C. Cells recently were made with each modification. Their respective electromotive forces differ except at the transition temperature, where they, as well as the solubilitiesJ are equal. The temperature coefficient of cells containing CdSO•. HzO was founa to be positive, whereas the temperature coefficient for cells containing the ordi nary salt CdS04.8/3HzO is negative, as is well known. Both hydrates tend to persist in a metastable state, and measurements can be made over a wide range of temperatures. The free energy changes of the cells are discussed, and some practical applications for the cells are described. CONTENTS Page I. Introduction _____ __ ______ __ __________ ________ ______ ___ ___ __ ____ 455 II. Experimental procedure ___ ______________ _____ __ _________________ 457 1. Solubility det erminations __ __ __ ____ _____________ ______ _____ 457 2. Construction of cells __________________ ____ __ ___ __ ____ _____ 457 3. Temperature control of the cells and measurement of electromo- tive fo rce _______________________ _____ ___ _____ __________ 458 III. Experimental results ___________________________________________ _ 458 1. -
Draft Permit
Air Individual Permit Major Amendment 14900013-104 Permittee: DENCO II LLC Facility name: DENCO II LLC 227 County Road 22 Morris, MN 56267-4691 Stevens County Operating permit issuance date: May 1, 2019 Expiration date: May 1, 2024 * All Title I Conditions do not expire Major Amendment: [Action Issue Date] Permit characteristics: State; Limits to avoid Part 70/ Limits to avoid NSR; Limits to avoid NSR The emission units, control equipment and emission stacks at the stationary source authorized in this permit amendment are as described in the submittals listed in the Permit Applications Table. This permit amendment supersedes Air Emission Permit No. 14900013-103 and authorizes the Permittee to operate the stationary source at the address listed above unless otherwise noted in the permit. The Permittee must comply with all the conditions of the permit. Any changes or modifications to the stationary source must be performed in compliance with Minn. R. 7007.1150 to 7007.1500. Terms used in the permit are as defined in the state air pollution control rules unless the term is explicitly defined in the permit. Unless otherwise indicated, all the Minnesota rules cited as the origin of the permit terms are incorporated into the SIP under 40 CFR § 52.1220 and as such are enforceable by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator or citizens under the Clean Air Act. Signature: [ ] This document has been electronically signed. for the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency for Steven S. Pak, P.E., Manager Air Quality Permits Section Industrial Division Table of Contents Page 1. Permit applications table ............................................................................................................................................ -
Inorganic Chemistry Test for Cadmium Radical
Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Test for Cadmium Radical General Aim Method Detection of the presence of cadmium ion as a base Detection of the presence of cadmium as a base radical radical in inorganic salts such as cadmium sulfate. using specic chemical reagents. Learning Objectives (ILOs) Dene and dierentiate between members of the second group cations and those of other cation groups. Classify inorganic salts according to their base radicals. Compare between cadmium containing salts and other members of the same group in terms of chemical structures, properties and reactions. Identify cadmium radicals containing salts experimentally. Select the appropriate reagents to detect the presence of cadmium radical. Balance the chemical equations of chemical reactions. Theoretical Background/Context Cadmium (Cd) is one of the transition metals that are located in the d-block of the periodic table. Cadmium is located in the fth period and twelfth group of the periodic table. Cd possesses an atomic number of 48 and an atomic mass of 112.411g. It was rst discovered by the German scientist, Friedrich Strohmeyer in 1817 in Germany. At that time, cadmium was commonly used to protect iron and steel from corrosion as it was inserted as a sacricial anode. Additionally, it was used in the manufacture of nickel-cadmium batteries. Cadmium is a highly toxic element so it has to be handled with great caution. Abundance of Cadmium in Nature Cadmium cannot be easily found in its elemental form naturally. It has been detected in the Earth's Crust in very minute amounts that do not exceed 0.1 to 0.2 ppm. -
Cadmium Sulfide
SIGMA-ALDRICH sigma-aldrich.com SAFETY DATA SHEET Version 6.1 Revision Date 05/28/2017 Print Date 08/08/2019 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION 1.1 Product identifiers Product name : Cadmium sulfide Product Number : 208183 Brand : Aldrich Index-No. : 048-010-00-4 CAS-No. : 1306-23-6 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Synthesis of substances 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company : Sigma-Aldrich Inc. 3050 Spruce Street ST. LOUIS MO 63103 UNITED STATES Telephone : +1 314 771-5765 Fax : +1 800 325-5052 1.4 Emergency telephone number Emergency Phone # : +1-703-527-3887 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4), H302 Germ cell mutagenicity (Category 2), H341 Carcinogenicity (Category 1B), H350 Reproductive toxicity (Category 2), H361 Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure (Category 1), H372 Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H400 Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H410 For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16. 2.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements Pictogram Signal word Danger Hazard statement(s) H302 Harmful if swallowed. H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects. H350 May cause cancer. Aldrich- 208183 Page 1 of 9 H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary statement(s) P201 Obtain special instructions before use. -
Deposition of Cadmium Sulfide and Zinc Sulfide Thin Films by Aerosol
Turkish Journal of Chemistry Turk J Chem (2015) 39: 169 { 178 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/chem/ ⃝c TUB¨ ITAK_ Research Article doi:10.3906/kim-1407-37 Deposition of cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide thin films by aerosol-assisted chemical vapors from molecular precursors Ashfaque Ahmed MEMON1, Malik DILSHAD2, Neerish REVAPRASADU2, Mohammad Azad MALIK3, James RAFTERY3, Javeed AKHTAR4;5;∗ 1Department of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan 2Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa 3School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom 4Polymers & Materials Synthesis (PMS) Lab, Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan 5Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jummu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan Received: 12.07.2014 • Accepted: 13.10.2014 • Published Online: 23.01.2015 • Printed: 20.02.2015 n II II Abstract: New complexes with the general formula [M(S 2 CN Bu 2)2 ] [where M = Cd (1) and Zn (2)] were synthesized and used as single source precursors to deposit thin films of cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide by the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. The single crystal X-ray structures of 1 and 2 are also reported. Thermogravimetric analysis of 1 and 2 showed that both precursors decompose cleanly in a single step to produce their respective metal sulfides. The deposition of thin films was carried out on soda glass substrates in the 350{450 ◦ C temperature range under inert conditions. The as-deposited thin films were characterized by powdered X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Thin films of CdS deposited at low temperature (350 ◦ C) consist of densely packed granular crystallites with an average size of ca. -
United States Patent Office Patented Nov
3,007,959 United States Patent Office Patented Nov. 7, 1961 2 temperature between about 140 C. and 350° C. The 3,007,959 reaction is carried out until the desired degree of conver ESTERFICATION OF TEREPHTHALIC ACD N sion of carboxyl groups or equilibrium condition has been THE PRESENCE OF CADMUM, SULFATE CAT ALYST reached. This time is dependent upon the particular acid Delbert H. Meyer, Highland, Ind., assignor to Standard and particular alcohol present in the reaction Zone. In Oil Company, Chicago, I., a corporation of Indiana general, the higher the temperature maintained in the No Drawing. Filed Jan. 22, 1959, Ser. No. 788,275 reaction zone the shorter the time needed to reach the 2 Claims. (C. 260-475) desired degree of carboxyl group conversion or equilib rium condition. This invention relates to the esterification of aromatic O Theoretically only 1 mol of alcohol is needed for each carboxylic acids with primary aliphatic alcohols. More mol of carboxyl groups to be esterified, however the de particularly, the invention relates to an improved catalyst gree of conversion and the conversion rate are improved for this reaction. by the presence of excess alcohol in the reaction Zone. Esters of aliphatic alcohols and aromatic carboxylic In general between about 2 and 30 mols of alcohol are acids are widely used in industry, particularly as plasti 15 present in the reaction zone per mol of carboxyl groups cizers and as intermediates in the preparation of poly to be esterified. ester resins. The rate of esterification is usually quite The amount of catalyst present may be very small, for slow and catalysts have been used to increase this re example 0.0005 weight percent based on aromatic acid action rate. -
Material Safety Data Sheet Cadmium Sulfate
6/20/13 12:15 PM Material Safety Data Sheet Cadmium sulfate ACC# 00345 Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification MSDS Name: Cadmium sulfate Catalog Numbers: AC270560000, AC270561000, AC270565000, AC403760000, AC403760050, AC403765000, C19-100, C19-500, C20-500 Synonyms: Cadmium sulphate. Company Identification: Fisher Scientific 1 Reagent Lane Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 For information, call: 201-796-7100 Emergency Number: 201-796-7100 For CHEMTREC assistance, call: 800-424-9300 For International CHEMTREC assistance, call: 703-527-3887 Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients CAS# Chemical Name Percent EINECS/ELINCS 10124-36-4 Cadmium sulfate 99+ 233-331-6 Section 3 - Hazards Identification EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Appearance: white solid. Danger! Toxic if swallowed. Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed. May be fatal if inhaled. May impair fertility. May cause harm to the unborn child. Cancer hazard. Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. May cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. May cause heritable genetic damage. Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air). Target Organs: Blood, kidneys, liver, lungs, respiratory system, skeletal structures. Potential Health Effects Eye: May cause eye irritation. Skin: May cause skin irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. Ingestion: May cause irritation of the digestive tract. Ingestion of large amounts may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomort. Toxic if swallowed. Inhalation: May be fatal if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. May cause dyspnea (difficult or labored breathing). Inhalation may produce coughing, nausea, and pulmonary edema. http://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/00345.htm Page 1 of 7 6/20/13 12:15 PM Chronic: Repeated inhalation may cause chronic bronchitis. -
Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions From Sources of Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air and Radiation Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Locating and Estimating Air Emissions From Sources of Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds Prepared for: Anne Pope Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Technical Support Division U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711 Prepared by: Midwest Research Institute 401 Harrison Oaks Boulevard, Suite 350 Cary, North Carolina 27513 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT ..................1-1 REFERENCES ....................1-4 2 OVERVIEW OF DOCUMENT CONTENTS .............2-1 3 BACKGROUND.......................3-1 NATURE OF POLLUTANT ................3-1 OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, USE, AND EMISSIONS ....3-4 Production..................3-4 Use.....................3-6 Emissions ..................3-6 REFERENCES ................... 3-13 4 EMISSIONS FROM CADMIUM PRODUCTION ...........4-1 CADMIUM REFINING AND CADMIUM OXIDE PRODUCTION ...4-1 Process Description .............4-3 Emissions and Controls ............4-6 CADMIUM PIGMENTS PRODUCTION ........... 4-11 Process Description ............ 4-14 Emissions and Controls ........... 4-19 CADMIUM STABILIZERS PRODUCTION ......... 4-20 Process Description ............ 4-22 Emission and Controls ........... 4-24 OTHER CADMIUM COMPOUND PRODUCTION ........ 4-25 Process Descriptions ............ 4-25 Emissions and Controls ........... 4-29 REFERENCES ................... 4-32 5 -
Division 2, Subdivision Z, 1910.1027, Cadmium
Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division CADMIUM Z OAR 437, DIVISION 2 GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES SUBDIVISION Z – TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 437-002-0360 Adoption by Reference. In addition to, and not in lieu of, any other safety and health codes contained in OAR Chapter 437, the Department adopts by reference the following federal regulations printed as part of the Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR 1910, in the Federal Register: (23) 29 CFR 1910.1027 Cadmium, published 3/26/12, FR vol. 77, no. 58, p. 17574. These standards are available at the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division, Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services, and the United States Government Printing Office. Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: APD Admin. Order 13-1988, f. 8/2/88, ef. 8/2/88 (Benzene). APD Admin. Order 14-1988, f. 9/12/88, ef. 9/12/88 (Formaldehyde). APD Admin. Order 18-1988, f. 11/17/88, ef. 11/17/88 (Ethylene Oxide). APD Admin. Order 4-1989, f. 3/31/89, ef. 5/1/89 (Asbestos-Temp). APD Admin. Order 6-1989, f. 4/20/89, ef. 5/1/89 (Non-Asbestiforms-Temp). APD Admin. Order 9-1989, f. 7/7/89, ef. 7/7/89 (Asbestos & Non-Asbestiforms-Perm). APD Admin. Order 11-1989, f. 7/14/89, ef. 8/14/89 (Lead). APD Admin. Order 13-1989, f. 7/17/89, ef. 7/17/89 (Air Contaminants). OR-OSHA Admin. -
One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Thioglycolic Acid Capped Cds
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN One-step hydrothermal synthesis of thioglycolic acid capped CdS quantum dots as fuorescence Received: 1 March 2018 Accepted: 24 May 2018 determination of cobalt ion Published: xx xx xxxx Zhezhe Wang1,2, Xinxin Xing1,2, Yue Yang1,2, Rongjun Zhao1,2, Tong Zou3, Zidong Wang3 & Yude Wang2,3 Highly luminescent CdS quantum dots capped with thioglycolic acid (TGA@CdS QDs) were synthesized from cadmium chloride and thiourea as cadmium and sulfur sources via simple hydrothermal method. The room temperature photoluminescence (RTPL) properties of TGA@CdS QDs were investigated. The results indicate that the polarity of the solvent and the surface trap state resulted in the broadness Stokes shift between the maximum absorption wavelength and the emission wavelength of TGA@ CdS QDs. The Co2+ sensing properties of fuorescence determination were investigated using TGA@ CdS QDs. The as-synthesized CdS QDs exhibits the excellent selectivity and sensitivity of fuorescence quenching for cobalt ion (Co2+). The limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 0.05 μM which is much lower than maximum limit of cobalt ions in drinking water. The linear response range of Co2+ was from 0.5 to 80 μM. The sensing system revealed the advantages of low detection limit, excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, convenience and low cost. The color change of CdS QDs shows potential applications in the detection of Co2+. Cobalt, as an important micronutrient, is an essential component of vitamin B12, and plays a vitally important role in humans and biological systems1–3. However, cobalt could be a toxic compound at high concentrations which could cause many diseases such as asthma, decreased cardiac output, cardiac enlargement, heart disease, lung disease, dermatitis and vasodilation4. -
Simple Synthesis of Zinc Sulfide and Cadmium Sulfide Under
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 119 [1] 55-59 2011 Paper Simple synthesis of zinc sulfide and cadmium sulfide under hydrothermal conditions Keitaro TEZUKA,³ Hirokatsu TAKAGI, Yue Jin SHAN and Hideo IMOTO Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7–1–2 Yoto, Utsunomiya 321–8585 Pure ZnS and CdS were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The reactions of Zn or ZnO with S at 240°C yielded pure ZnS. Similar reactions at lower temperatures gave plate crystalsof an unknown phase along with ZnS and ZnO. Pure CdS was obtained by the reaction between CdO and S at 240°C while the reaction of metal Cd and S gave a mixture. The as-prepared CdS crystals had rod shapes. ©2011 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved. Key-words : Hydrothermal synthesis, Zinc, Cadmium, Sulfide [Received September 10, 2010; Accepted November 5, 2010] water inaTeflon-lined pressure vessel with the capacity of 1. Introduction 25 mL. Then, the pressure vessel was sealed and heated at 180 Metal sulfides are traditionally prepared by thermal reactions 240°C (at 30°C interval) for 1, 10, 40, or 60 h. After heating, the of the elements in an evacuated silica tube at high temperature or pressure vessel was allowed to cool to room temperature. The by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide gas with the aqueous solution precipitates were filtered and washed with distilled water several of the metal salt. Both of the two methods have advantages and times. After drying in a desiccator for 12 h, the powder was disadvantages.