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A Putative Oreocereus X Echinopsis Hybrid from Southern Bolivia

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Bradleya 31/2013 pages 31 – 43 A putative Oreocereus x Echinopsis hybrid from southern Bolivia Urs Eggli 1 & Mario Giorgetta 2 1 Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zürich, Mythenquai 88, CH-8002 Zürich, Switzerland. [email protected] 2 Mario Giorgetta, Oberfeldstrasse 87, CH-8408 Winterthur, Switzerland. [email protected] Photographs by Mario Giorgetta Abstract: Solitary plants of the putative inter- parents, and appear to be sterile. The importance generic cross Oreocereus celsianus × Echinopsis of intergeneric and interspecific crosses in the evo- tarijensis were found on two independent occa- lution of Cactaceae is briefly discussed, and the sions in the same general region of S Bolivia relative ease with which intergeneric hybrids can (Dept. Potosí). The plants are described and illus- be artificially obtained in cultivation is contrasted trated. They are intermediate in general appear- with the apparent rarity of naturally occurring in- ance and flower characters between the supposed tergeneric hybrids. Based on available evidence, parents, and appear to be sterile. The importance the impact of natural intergeneric hybridization of intergeneric and interspecific crosses in the evo- on cactus evolution appears to be limited. lution of Cactaceae is briefly discussed, and the relative ease with which intergeneric hybrids can be artificially obtained in cultivation is contrasted Introduction with the apparent rarity of naturally occurring in- Hybridization, both intergeneric (i.e. between tergeneric hybrids. Based on available evidence, species of different genera) and interspecific (i.e. the impact of natural intergeneric hybridization between species of the same genus), is a well on cactus evolution appears to be limited. known fact in Cactaceae (e.g. Hawkes 1982, 1983, Zusammenfassung: Bei zwei unabhängigen Rowley 1994, 2004a, 2004b). While there is a pro- Gelegenheiten wurde im selben Grossraum in fusion of hybrids produced artificially in cultiva- Südbolivien (Dept. Potosí) je eine Einzelpflanze tion (some of them of horticultural importance as der vermuteten intergenerischen Kreuzung Oreo- well as of great economic value, e.g. Hatiora cereus celsianus × Echinopsis tarijensis gefunden. ×graeseri, “Easter Cactus”, Schlumbergera × Die Pflanzen werden beschrieben und abgebildet. buckleyi, “Christmas Cactus”), the number of con- Sie stehen im generellen Aussehen sowie firmed naturally occurring hybrids is surprisingly bezüglich der Blütenmerkmale zwischen den ver- small. muteten Elternarten, und scheinen steril zu sein. Rowley (1994, 2004a) lists the known natu- Die Bedeutung von intergenerischen und inter- rally occuring intergeneric hybrid combinations, spezifischen Kreuzungen für die Evolution der and Rowley 2004b is a complete catalogue of Cactaceae wird kurz diskutiert, und die Verhält- known intergeneric hybrids, both naturally oc- nisse in Kultur mit verhältnismässig einfach kün- curring or produced in cultivation. Intergeneric stlich erzielbaren intergenerischen Hybriden cactus hybrids are only known from subfamily werden mit der offensichtlichen Seltenheit natür- Cactoideae, but not from Opuntioideae. In the few lich vorkommender Hybriden kontrastiert. Auf cases of natural intergeneric hybrids outside sub- der Basis des vorhandenen Wissens erscheint der tribe Trichocereinae, the number of hybrid indi- Einfluss natürlicherweise entstehender inter- viduals is always reported as small or very small generischer Hybriden auf die Evolution der Kak- (e.g. Bressler 2002 for ×Myrtgerocactus, of which teen gering zu sein. 1-2 adult plants are known only, with sterile Resumen: Solitary plants of the putative in- fruits; Bravo-Hollis 1978 for ×Pacherocactus, with tergeneric cross Oreocereus celsianus × Echinopsis a single adult plant only). An exception is a popu- tarijensis were found on two independent occa- lation of hybrids of Neobuxbaumia × Cephalo- sions in the same general region of S Bolivia cereus (Vite & al. 1996), which are again thought (Dept. Potosí). The plants are described and illus- to be sterile. trated. They are intermediate in general appear- In addition to these confirmed cases, hybrid ance and flower characters between the supposed Bradleya 31/2013 31 Figure 1 ×Oreonopsis individual at the Pampa Chuchuli locality. In the background a flowering speci- men of Echinopsis werdermanniana. Figure 2 Flower details of the Pampa Chuchuli Figure 3 Crown of the Pampa Chuchuli plant plant. with many dry flower remains, but no fruits. Table 1 (on pages 34 & 35): Known intergeneric crosses in Trichocereeinae, based primarily on Rowley (1994, 2004a, 2004b). Rowley (2004b) also lists many additional hybrid combinations which are most unlikely to have ever existed, and these are omitted from this list. Entries are arranged alphabetically, with the parent coming first in alphabetical sequence listed as parent A (e.g. reports of Echinopsis × Cleistocactus are listed under Cleistocactus × Echinopsis). For the columns Parent A and Parent B, generic names are used as in the original publications, followed by the accepted generic synonym in brackets according to Anderson 2005. In the column Nothogenus, the original nothogeneric name is listed, with a referral to the nothogeneric name based on the classification of Anderson 2005. The hybrid sign is omitted for clarity. 32 Bradleya 31/2013 Figure 4 ×Oreonopsis individual at the Abra Figure 5 Flowering ×Oreonopsis individual at Blanca locality. Abra Blanca in top view. Figure 6 ×Oreonopsis individual at the Abra Figure 7 Echinopsis tarijensis, Pampa Chuchuli, Blanca locality, with last open flowers and many photographed in late February with open flowers dry flower remains from this and the previous and developing fruits from the first flush of flow- flowering period, but without fruits. ers around Christmas. Figure 8 Echinopsis tarijensis produces an impressive flush of flowers towards the end of December. (Photographed at Torre Waykho) Bradleya 31/2013 33 Parent A Parent B Nothogenus Wild Reference Acanthocalycium Echinopsis Acanthechinopsis Rowley 2004b Akersia Borzicactus Borkersia → Cleistocactus Rowley 2004b (Cleistocactus) (Cleistocactus) Akersia Oreocereus Oreokersia → Cleistoreocereus Hans & al. 2012 (Cleistocactus) Bolivicereus Echinopsis Not named → Cleistopsis (Cleistocactus) Bolivicereus Matucana Not named → Cleistocana Hans & al. 2012: 269 (Cleistocactus) Chamaeborzicactus nom. inval. = Borzicactus Chamaecereus Chamaezicactus nom. inval. → Rowley 2004b (Cleistocactus) (Echinopsis) Cleistopsis Borzicactus Cleistoborzicactus Cleistocactus Rowley 2004b (Cleistocactus) → Cleistocactus Borzicactus Denmoza Borzimoza → Cleistoza Rowley 2004b (Cleistocactus) Borzicactus Echinopsis Borzinopsis → Cleistopsis Rowley 2004b (Cleistocactus) Borzicactus Ritter 1981, Espostoa Borzipostoa → Espostocactus X (Cleistocactus) Rowley 2004b Borzicactus Matucana Not named → Cleistocana X Ritter 1981 (Cleistocactus) Borzicactus Oroya Borziroya → [unnamed] Rowley 2004b (Cleistocactus) Chamaecereus Cleistochamaecereus Cleistocactus Rowley 2004b (Echinopsis) → Cleistopsis Chamaecereus Echinopsis Chameaecereopsis → Echinopsis Rowley 2004b (Echinopsis) Chamaecereus Chamygmaeocereus Pygmaeocereus Mordhorst 2007 (Echinopsis) → [unnamed] Cleistocactus Denmoza Cleistoza Rowley 2004a Cleistocactus Echinopsis Cleistopsis Rowley 2004b Ritter 1981, Cleistocactus Espostoa Espostocactus X Rowley 2004b Cleistocactus Haageocereus Cleistaageocereus Mordhorst 2011 Ritter 1981, Cleistocactus Matucana Cleistocana X Rowley 1994 Ritter 1981, Cleistocactus Oreocereus Cleistoreocereus X Rowley 2004a 34 Bradleya 31/2013 Parent A Parent B Nothogenus Wild Reference Cleistocactus Samaipaticereus Cleipaticereus X Rowley 1994 Ritter 1981, Cleistocactus Yungasocereus Yungastocactus X Rowley 2004a Rowley 2004a, Font & Denmoza Echinopsis Echinomoza X Pica 2001, Font 2004 Seticereus Denmoza Setidenmoza → Cleistoza Rowley 2004b (Cleistocactus) Trichocereus Denmoza Trichomoza → Echinomoza X Rowley 2004b (Echinopsis) Echinopsis Haageocereus Echinaageocereus Mottram 2008 Rowley 1982, Echinopsis Harrisia Harrisinopsis Rowley 2004b Hildewintera Hildewintopsis (nom. inval., Echinopsis Hans & al. 2012 (Cleistocactus) Art. H9.1) → Cleistopsis Lobivia Echinopsis Echinobivia → Echinopsis Rowley 2004b (Echinopsis) Ritter 1981, Rowley 1994, Lowry 2000, Echinopsis Oreocereus Oreonopsis X Pinto & Kirberg 2009, Bates 2012 Ritter 1981, Rowley Espostoa Haageocereus Haagespostoa X 1982 Ritter 1981, Heath Espostoa Matucana Espocana X 1992, Rowley 2004 Espostoa Rauhocereus Unnamed X Ritter 1981 Weberbauero - Ritter 1981, Espostoa Weberbostoa X cereus Rowley 1994 Hans & al. 2012: 265 Haageocereus Matucana Unnamed ref. 690 Lobivia Oreocereus Oreobivia → Oreonopsis Rowley 2004b (Echinopsis) Morawetzia Matucana Not named → Oreocana Hans & al. 2012: 268 (Oreocereus) Ritter 1981, Heath Matucana Oreocereus Oreocana X 1992, Rowley 2004a Ritter 1981, Heath Matucana Oroya Maturoya X 1992, Rowley 2004a Morawetzia Arequipa Moraquipa → Orcoereus Baumgärtner 2012 (Oreocereus) (Oreocereus) Trichocereus Oreocereus Oreotrichocereus → Oreonopsis Rowley 2004b (Echinopsis) Weberbauero - Charles 2000, for Oreocereus Unnamed X cereus Oreocereus tacnaensis Bradleya 31/2013 35 Appendix to Table 1 Triparental hybrids: ×Cleistoechinocana : → × Schickara ×Graeserara Mordhorst 2011: Cleistocactus × Echinopsis × Haageocereus ×Schickara Mordhorst 2011: (= × Cleistoechinocana ) = Cleistocactus × Echinopsis × Matucana Hybrids with one parent from outside tribe Trichocereeae: Cleistocactus
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  • Two New Opuntia Species (Cactaceae) from Bolivia and Argentina 57- 63 © Landesmuseum Für Kärnten; Download

    Two New Opuntia Species (Cactaceae) from Bolivia and Argentina 57- 63 © Landesmuseum Für Kärnten; Download

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Wulfenia Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 12 Autor(en)/Author(s): Mucher sen. Walter Artikel/Article: Two new Opuntia species (Cactaceae) from Bolivia and Argentina 57- 63 © Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.biologiezentrum.at Wulfenia 12 (2005): 57–63 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Two new Opuntia species (Cactaceae) from Bolivia and Argentina Walter Starmühler & Walter Mucher sen. Summary: We describe two new species of the genus Opuntia (Cactaceae): the yellow flowering Opuntia fuscolineata Starmühler & Mucher spec. nova from the province Chiquitos in the most southeastern part of Bolivia and the white flowering Opuntia mucheri Starmühler spec. nova from the province Salta in the northeast of Argentina. Keywords: Opuntia fuscolineata, Opuntia mucheri, Cactaceae, Bolivia, Argentina, new species The east, the southeast and the south of Bolivia is covered by the Chaco, a dry woodland with mainly spiny shrubs, only 1–6m high. The Chaco is the succeeding vegetation after deforestation of the natural woody vegetation. From December to January there is only sporadic rainfall. All over the year, occasional rainy weather (no rain periods), coming up from the south, brings some rain into the Chaco area. In spite of the ideal growing conditions for Cactaceae, just about one dozen genera of the Cactus family occur in Bolivia at all. In Argentina, cacti grow in the Chaco (in the north, northeast and northwest of Argentina) as well as in the Andes mountain range. Here the conditions are similar to those of the Chaco, but the cacti in the Andes are not sheltered by shrubs and grow commonly in open habitats.
  • Some Major Families and Genera of Succulent Plants

    Some Major Families and Genera of Succulent Plants

    SOME MAJOR FAMILIES AND GENERA OF SUCCULENT PLANTS Including Natural Distribution, Growth Form, and Popularity as Container Plants Daniel L. Mahr There are 50-60 plant families that contain at least one species of succulent plant. By far the largest families are the Cactaceae (cactus family) and Aizoaceae (also known as the Mesembryanthemaceae, the ice plant family), each of which contains about 2000 species; together they total about 40% of all succulent plants. In addition to these two families there are 6-8 more that are commonly grown by home gardeners and succulent plant enthusiasts. The following list is in alphabetic order. The most popular genera for container culture are indicated by bold type. Taxonomic groupings are changed occasionally as new research information becomes available. But old names that have been in common usage are not easily cast aside. Significant name changes noted in parentheses ( ) are listed at the end of the table. Family Major Genera Natural Distribution Growth Form Agavaceae (1) Agave, Yucca New World; mostly Stemmed and stemless Century plant and U.S., Mexico, and rosette-forming leaf Spanish dagger Caribbean. succulents. Some family yuccas to tree size. Many are too big for container culture, but there are some nice small and miniature agaves. Aizoaceae (2) Argyroderma, Cheiridopsis, Mostly South Africa Highly succulent leaves. Iceplant, split-rock, Conophytum, Dactylopis, Many of these stay very mesemb family Faucaria, Fenestraria, small, with clumps up to Frithia, Glottiphyllum, a few inches. Lapidaria, Lithops, Nananthus, Pleisopilos, Titanopsis, others Delosperma; several other Africa Shrubs or ground- shrubby genera covers. Some marginally hardy. Mestoklema, Mostly South Africa Leaf, stem, and root Trichodiadema, succulents.
  • Rethinking Phylogenetics Using Caryophyllales (Angiosperms), Matk Gene and Trnk Intron As Experimental Platform

    Rethinking Phylogenetics Using Caryophyllales (Angiosperms), Matk Gene and Trnk Intron As Experimental Platform

    Rethinking phylogenetics using Caryophyllales (angiosperms), matK gene and trnK intron as experimental platform Sunny Sheliese Crawley Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Biological Sciences Khidir W. Hilu Eric P. Beers Carla V. Finkielstein Jill C. Sible December 2, 2011 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: (phylogeny, missing data, caryophyllids, trnK intron, matK, RNA editing, gnetophytes) Copyright 2011, Sunny Sheliese Crawley Rethinking phylogenetics using Caryophyllales (angiosperms), matK gene and trnK intron as experimental platform Sunny Sheliese Crawley ABSTRACT The recent call to reconstruct a detailed picture of the tree of life for all organisms has forever changed the field of molecular phylogenetics. Sequencing technology has improved to the point that scientists can now routinely sequence complete plastid/mitochondrial genomes and thus, vast amounts of data can be used to reconstruct phylogenies. These data are accumulating in DNA sequence repositories, such as GenBank, where everyone can benefit from the vast growth of information. The trend of generating genomic-region rich datasets has far outpaced the expasion of datasets by sampling a broader array of taxa. We show here that expanding a dataset both by increasing genomic regions and species sampled using GenBank data, despite the inherent missing DNA that comes with GenBank data, can provide a robust phylogeny for the plant order Caryophyllales (angiosperms). We also investigate the utility of trnK intron in phylogeny reconstruction at relativley deep evolutionary history (the caryophyllid order) by comparing it with rapidly evolving matK. We show that trnK intron is comparable to matK in terms of the proportion of variable sites, parsimony informative sites, the distribution of those sites among rate classes, and phylogenetic informativness across the history of the order.