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MATLAB® 7 External Interfaces How to Contact MathWorks www.mathworks.com Web comp.soft-sys.matlab Newsgroup www.mathworks.com/contact_TS.html Technical Support [email protected] Product enhancement suggestions [email protected] Bug reports [email protected] Documentation error reports [email protected] Order status, license renewals, passcodes [email protected] Sales, pricing, and general information 508-647-7000 (Phone) 508-647-7001 (Fax) The MathWorks, Inc. 3 Apple Hill Drive Natick, MA 01760-2098 For contact information about worldwide offices, see the MathWorks Web site. MATLAB® External Interfaces © COPYRIGHT 1984–2010 by The MathWorks, Inc. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used or copied only under the terms of the license agreement. No part of this manual may be photocopied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent from The MathWorks, Inc. FEDERAL ACQUISITION: This provision applies to all acquisitions of the Program and Documentation by, for, or through the federal government of the United States. By accepting delivery of the Program or Documentation, the government hereby agrees that this software or documentation qualifies as commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation as such terms are used or defined in FAR 12.212, DFARS Part 227.72, and DFARS 252.227-7014. Accordingly, the terms and conditions of this Agreement and only those rights specified in this Agreement, shall pertain to and govern theuse,modification,reproduction,release,performance,display,anddisclosureoftheProgramand Documentation by the federal government (or other entity acquiring for or through the federal government) and shall supersede any conflicting contractual terms or conditions. If this License fails to meet the government’s needs or is inconsistent in any respect with federal procurement law, the government agrees to return the Program and Documentation, unused, to The MathWorks, Inc. Trademarks MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. See www.mathworks.com/trademarks for a list of additional trademarks. Other product or brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Patents MathWorks products are protected by one or more U.S. patents. Please see www.mathworks.com/patents for more information. Revision History December 1996 First printing New for MATLAB 5 (release 8) July 1997 Online only Revised for MATLAB 5.1 (Release 9) January 1998 Second printing Revised for MATLAB 5.2 (Release 10) October 1998 Third printing Revised for MATLAB 5.3 (Release 11) November 2000 Fourth printing Revised and renamed for MATLAB 6.0 (Release 12) June 2001 Online only Revised for MATLAB 6.1 (Release 12.1) July 2002 Online only Revised for MATLAB 6.5 (Release 13) January 2003 Online only Revised for MATLAB 6.5.1 (Release 13SP1) June 2004 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.0 (Release 14) October 2004 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.0.1 (Release 14SP1) September 2005 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.1 (Release 14SP3) March 2006 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.2 (Release 2006a) September 2006 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.3 (Release 2006b) March 2007 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.4 (Release 2007a) September 2007 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.5 (Release 2007b) March 2008 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.6 (Release 2008a) October 2008 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.7 (Release 2008b) March 2009 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.8 (Release 2009a) September 2009 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.9 (Release 2009b) March 2010 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.10 (Release 2010a) September 2010 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.11 (Release 2010b) Contents Importing and Exporting MAT-Files from C/C++ and Fortran Programs 1 Custom Applications to Read and Write MAT-Files ... 1-2 Why Write Custom Applications? .................... 1-2 What You Need ................................... 1-3 MAT-File Interface Library ......................... 1-4 Finding Associated Files ............................ 1-5 Exchanging Data Files Between Platforms ............. 1-6 Copying External Data into MAT-File Format with Standalone Programs ............................ 1-7 Overview of matimport.c Example ................... 1-7 Declare Variables for External Data .................. 1-8 Create mxArray Variables .......................... 1-9 Create MATLAB Variable Names .................... 1-9 Read External Data into mxArray Data ............... 1-9 Create and Open MAT-File ......................... 1-10 WritemxArrayDatatoFile ......................... 1-10 Clean Up ........................................ 1-10 Build the Application .............................. 1-10 Create the MAT-File ............................... 1-11 Import Data into MATLAB ......................... 1-11 Examples of MAT-File Applications ................. 1-12 List of Examples .................................. 1-12 Creating a MAT-File in C ........................... 1-13 Creating a MAT-File in C++ ......................... 1-13 Reading a MAT-File in C/C++ ....................... 1-13 Creating a MAT-File in Fortran ...................... 1-14 Reading a MAT-File in Fortran ...................... 1-15 Compiling and Linking MAT-File Programs .......... 1-16 Building on UNIX Operating Systems ................. 1-16 Building on Windows Operating Systems .............. 1-18 Deploying MAT-File Applications .................... 1-18 v MATLAB Interface to Shared Libraries 2 Calling Functions in Shared Libraries ............... 2-2 What Is a Shared Library? .......................... 2-2 Loading the Library ............................... 2-3 Unloading the Library ............................. 2-4 Viewing Library Functions .......................... 2-4 Invoking Library Functions ......................... 2-7 Limitations to Shared Library Support ................ 2-8 Passing Arguments to Shared Library Functions ..... 2-12 C and MATLAB Equivalent Types .................... 2-12 Passing Arguments ................................ 2-14 Examples of Passing Data to Shared Libraries .......... 2-15 Passing Pointers .................................. 2-21 Passing a NULL Pointer ............................ 2-22 Manually Converting Data Passed to Functions ......... 2-22 Working with Pointers ............................. 2-23 The libpointer Object .............................. 2-23 Constructing a libpointer Object ..................... 2-24 Creating a Pointer to a Primitive Type ................ 2-24 Creating a Pointer to a Structure .................... 2-28 Passing a Pointer to the First Element of an Array ...... 2-30 Putting a String into a Void Pointer .................. 2-30 Passing an Array of Strings ......................... 2-31 Memory Allocation for an External Library ............ 2-33 Multilevel Pointers ................................ 2-34 Working with Structures ........................... 2-37 Structure Argument Requirements ................... 2-37 Working with Structures Examples ................... 2-37 Finding Structure Field Names ...................... 2-38 Example of Passing a MATLAB Structure ............. 2-39 Passing a libstruct Object ........................... 2-39 Using the Structure as an Object ..................... 2-42 vi Contents Calling C/C++ and Fortran Programs from MATLAB Command Line 3 Introducing MEX-Files ............................. 3-2 What Are MEX-Files? .............................. 3-2 Definition of MEX ................................. 3-3 MEX and MX Matrix Libraries ...................... 3-3 Introduction to Source MEX-Files .................... 3-3 Overview of Creating a Binary MEX-File .............. 3-4 Configuring Your Environment ...................... 3-4 Using MEX-Files to Call C/C++ and Fortran Programs ....................................... 3-5 Creating a Source MEX-File ......................... 3-5 Workflow of a MEX-File ............................ 3-10 UsingBinaryMEX-Files ............................ 3-15 Binary MEX-File Placement ......................... 3-16 Using Help Files with MEX-Files .................... 3-16 Workspace for MEX-File Functions ................... 3-17 MATLAB Data ..................................... 3-18 The MATLAB Array ............................... 3-18 Data Storage ..................................... 3-18 MATLAB Types ................................... 3-20 Sparse Matrices ................................... 3-21 Using Data Types ................................. 3-22 Building MEX-Files ................................ 3-24 What You Need to Build MEX-Files .................. 3-24 Selecting a Compiler on Windows Platforms ............ 3-24 Selecting a Compiler on UNIX Platforms .............. 3-30 Linking Multiple Files ............................. 3-33 Overview of Building the timestwo MEX-File ........... 3-34 Troubleshooting MEX-Files ......................... 3-36 Technical Support ................................. 3-36 Configuration Issues ............................... 3-36 Understanding MEX-File Problems ................... 3-39 Compiler and Platform-Specific Issues ................ 3-43 Memory Management Issues ........................ 3-44 vii Custom Building MEX-Files ........................ 3-50 WhoShouldReadThisChapter ...................... 3-50 MEX Script Switches .............................. 3-50 Custom Building on UNIX Systems ................... 3-54 Custom Building on Windows Systems ................ 3-59 Calling LAPACK
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