BASIC for PIC Microcontrollers
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Visualage for Smalltalk Handbook Volume 2: Features
SG24-2219-00 VisualAge for Smalltalk Handbook Volume 2: Features September 1997 SG24-2219-00 International Technical Support Organization VisualAge for Smalltalk Handbook Volume 2: Features September 1997 IBM Take Note! Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information in Appendix A, “Special Notices.” First Edition (September 1997) This edition applies to VisualAge for Smalltalk, Versions 2, 3, and 4, for use with OS/2, AIX, and Microsoft Windows 95/NT. Comments may be addressed to: IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization Dept. QXXE Building 80-E2 650 Harry Road San Jose, California 95120-6099 When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a non-exclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1997. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users — Documentation related to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Preface . xiii How This Redbook Is Organized ....................... xiv ITSO on the Internet ................................ xv VisualAge Support on CompuServe ..................... xvii About the Authors ................................ xvii Acknowledgments . xviii Comments Welcome . xix Chapter 1. AS/400 Connection . 1 Multiple Programs with a Single Remote Procedure Call ......... 1 RPC Part Sets Commit Boundary ........................ 1 Connection Problem with V3R1 ......................... 2 AS/400 Communication Error .......................... 2 Strange Characters on Log-on Window .................... 3 Quick Form from AS/400 Record Classes ................... 3 Communication . 4 Read Next/Previous . 4 SQL Statements . 5 Data Queues and Records ............................ 6 ODBC Requirements . -
Programming-8Bit-PIC
Foreword Embedded microcontrollers are everywhere today. In the average household you will find them far beyond the obvious places like cell phones, calculators, and MP3 players. Hardly any new appliance arrives in the home without at least one controller and, most likely, there will be several—one microcontroller for the user interface (buttons and display), another to control the motor, and perhaps even an overall system manager. This applies whether the appliance in question is a washing machine, garage door opener, curling iron, or toothbrush. If the product uses a rechargeable battery, modern high density battery chemistries require intelligent chargers. A decade ago, there were significant barriers to learning how to use microcontrollers. The cheapest programmer was about a hundred dollars and application development required both erasable windowed parts—which cost about ten times the price of the one time programmable (OTP) version—and a UV Eraser to erase the windowed part. Debugging tools were the realm of professionals alone. Now most microcontrollers use Flash-based program memory that is electrically erasable. This means the device can be reprogrammed in the circuit—no UV eraser required and no special packages needed for development. The total cost to get started today is about twenty-five dollars which buys a PICkit™ 2 Starter Kit, providing programming and debugging for many Microchip Technology Inc. MCUs. Microchip Technology has always offered a free Integrated Development Environment (IDE) including an assembler and a simulator. It has never been less expensive to get started with embedded microcontrollers than it is today. While MPLAB® includes the assembler for free, assembly code is more cumbersome to write, in the first place, and also more difficult to maintain. -
Cobol Pic Clause Example
Cobol Pic Clause Example Albuminous and sonsie Scarface never apotheosising nae when Nealon mischarges his hogs. Unlawful Ingmar clips contiguously and super, she revering her cookers benefit symmetrically. Trifoliate Chaim sometimes circularize his breaches see and dilly-dallies so dichotomously! Quetelet index file exactly the coefficient is not confuse the input procedure division resets the rerun in another accept message or paragraphs that? Early cobol example of examples are evaluated one having to pic x when clause is considered useless instructions and date formats will be made quickly than one. After a group item is never reserved words cannot be written under different format you can it occupies in an operational sign printed documentation is suppressed. Because they may be a sample program by requesting a short paragraph in each source item can be greater detail report item is impossible in the records. Exit program using pic n it will be only, or more sections into a pic clause is executed as shown in a file to. Duplicate keys or fetch a call to_char with input call to describe data description during execution of examples of this area b it! We delimit by cobol example illustrates this server outputs data division sections having one. Basic cobol example. The individual file is provided for pic x variables being defined by use of messages. The cobol picture indicates a cobol api to cobol pic clause example. This call function is defined width of the usage is to a table can you explicitly searched last sentence and pic clause scales as steps. No cobol example with clause indicates the pic clause specifies that truncation or. -
Extreme Low Power (XLP) PIC® Microcontrollers
XLP PIC® MCUs eXtreme Low Power (XLP) PIC® Microcontrollers www.microchip.com/xlp Looking Beyond Low-Power MCUs Microchip’s XLP PIC® MCUs As more wearables, wireless sensor networks, and other Internet of Things (IoT) enabled smart devices are getting powered from battery, energy conservation becomes paramount. Today’s connected appli- cations must consume little power and, in extreme cases, last for up to 20+ years while running from a single battery. To enable applica- tions like these, products with Microchip’s eXtreme Low Power (XLP) technology offer the industry’s lowest Run and Sleep currents. Benefits of XLP PIC MCUs Low Sleep Currents Battery-Friendly VBAT Battery Back-Up Large Portfolio of XLP with Flexible Wake-Up Features • Automatic switch-over MCUs Sources • Enable battery lifetime upon loss of VDD • 8–121 pins, • Sleep current down greater than 20 years • Maintains Real-Time 4 KB–1 MB Flash to 9 nA • Low-power supervisors Clock/Calendar (RTCC) • Wide selection of • Brown-Out Reset (BOR) for safer operation and user registers packages down to 45 nA (BOR, WDT) • Powered seperately • Active mode currents as • Real-time clock down to • Core Independent Pe- from 1.8–3.6V source low as 30 µA/MHz with 300 nA ripherals (CIPs) take the (coin cell) efficient instruction set • Watch-Dog Timer (WDT) load off the CPU and per- with over 90% single- down to 200 nA form extremely complex cycle instructions tasks in self-sustaining mode at lowest possible energy requirement XLP PIC MCU Application Examples Internet of Things Smart Energy -
While Statement in C
While Statement In C EnricoIs Reg alwaysdisheartening deplete or his novel aspects when chagrined luminesced disputatiously, some crayfishes he orbits clump so temporizingly? grindingly. Solid Ring-necked and comose Bennet Brendan tarnishes never tensehalf-and-half his Stuttgart! while Thank you use a counter is a while loop obscures the condition which is evaluated to embed videos in while c program C while loops statement allows to repeatedly run at same recipient of code until a wrap is met while loop is empty most basic loop in C programming while loop. We then hand this variable c in the statement block and represent your value for each. While adultery in C Set of instructions given coil the compiler to night set of statements until condition becomes false is called loops. If it is negative number added to the condition in c language including but in looping structures, but is executed infinite loop! While Loop Definition Example & Results Video & Lesson. While talking in C Know Program. What is the while eternal in C? A while loop around loop continuously and infinitely until the policy inside the parenthesis becomes false money must guard the. C while and dowhile Loop Programiz. Programming While Loop. The widow while redeem in the C language is basically a post tested loop upon the execution of several parts of the statements can be repeated by reckless use children do-while. 43 Loops Applications in C for Engineering Technology. Do it Loop in C Programming with Examples Phptpoint. Statements and display control C Tutorials Cpluspluscom. Do while just in c example program. -
MPLAB XC8 PIC Assembler User's Guide
MPLAB® XC8 PIC® Assembler User's Guide Notice to Customers All documentation becomes dated and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs and/or tool descriptions can differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site (https://www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available. Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is “DSXXXXXA,” where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the document. For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB® IDE online help. Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available online help files. © 2020 Microchip Technology Inc. User Guide DS50002974A-page 1 Table of Contents Notice to Customers.......................................................................................................................................1 1. Preface....................................................................................................................................................4 1.1. Conventions Used in This Guide..................................................................................................4 1.2. Recommended Reading...............................................................................................................5 1.3. Document Revision History..........................................................................................................5 -
PIC Assembly Language for the Complete Beginner
PIC Assembly Language for the Complete Beginner Michael A. Covington Artificial Intelligence Center The University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-7415 http://www.ai.uga.edu/mc This article appeared in Electronics Now Magazine in 1999 and is reprinted here by permission. Some web addresses have been up- dated but the content has not; you will find that MPLAB, for instance, now looks somewhat different. You may print out this article for personal use but not for further pub- lication. Copyright c 1999 Gernsback Publications, Inc. Copyright c 1999, 2004 Michael A. Covington. These days, the field of electronics is divided into “haves” and “have- nots” – people who can program microcontrollers and people who can’t. If you’re one of the “have-nots,” this article is for you. 1 Microcontrollers are one-chip computers designed to control other equip- ment, and almost all electronic equipment now uses them. The average American home now contains about 100 computers, almost all of which are microcontrollers hidden within appliances, clocks, thermostats, and even automobile engines. Although some microcontrollers can be programmed in C or BASIC, you need assembly language to get the best results with the least expensive micros. The reason is that assembly language lets you specify the exact instructions that the CPU will follow; you can control exactly how much time and memory each step of the program will take. On a tiny computer, this can be important. What’s more, if you’re not already an experienced programmer, you may well find that assembly language is simpler than BASIC or C. -
Detecting and Escaping Infinite Loops Using Bolt
Detecting and Escaping Infinite Loops Using Bolt by Michael Kling Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Engineering in Electical Engineering and Computer Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2012 c Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2012. All rights reserved. Author.............................................................. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science February 1, 2012 Certified by. Martin Rinard Professor Thesis Supervisor Accepted by . Prof. Dennis M. Freeman Chairman, Masters of Engineering Thesis Committee 2 Detecting and Escaping Infinite Loops Using Bolt by Michael Kling Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science on February 1, 2012, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Engineering in Electical Engineering and Computer Science Abstract In this thesis we present Bolt, a novel system for escaping infinite loops. If a user suspects that an executing program is stuck in an infinite loop, the user can use the Bolt user interface, which attaches to the running process and determines if the program is executing in an infinite loop. If that is the case, the user can direct the interface to automatically explore multiple strategies to escape the infinite loop, restore the responsiveness of the program, and recover useful output. Bolt operates on stripped x86 and x64 binaries, analyzes both single-thread and multi-threaded programs, dynamically attaches to the program as-needed, dynami- cally detects the loops in a program and creates program state checkpoints to enable exploration of different escape strategies. This makes it possible for Bolt to detect and escape infinite loops in off-the-shelf software, without available source code, or overhead in standard production use. -
AN1673 Using the PIC16F1XXX High-Endurance Flash (HEF) Block
AN1673 Using the PIC16F1XXX High-Endurance Flash (HEF) Block FLASH VS. HIGH-ENDURANCE Author: Lucio Di Jasio Microchip Technology Inc. FLASH Like most other PIC microcontrollers in Flash technology, the PIC16F1XXX series features a INTRODUCTION single-voltage self-write Flash program memory array. The PIC16F1XXX family of general purpose Flash This means that, without additional external hardware microcontrollers features the 8-bit PIC® MCU support, these devices can modify the contents of their enhanced mid-range core. Carefully trading Flash memory at runtime, under firmware control. functionality versus cost, several members of this As an example, this capability is conveniently used to family, including the PIC16F14XX, PIC16F15XX and implement boot loaders, enabling embedded PIC16F17XX, have made a departure from the usual application that can be reprogrammed in the field via a set of peripherals found in previous models to achieve simple serial connection (UART, SPI, I2C™, USB, etc.) a lower price point while still offering a compelling new and without requiring the use of a dedicated in-circuit set of features. Among the several new peripherals programmer/debugger device. introduced, it is worth noting: This capability can also be used to store and/or update • Configurable Logic Cell – a small set of logic calibration data in program memory (obtained at the blocks (unlike a small PLD) that can help directly end of a production line or after product installation). interconnect various peripherals inputs/outputs However, the main limitation of the self-write Flash without CPU intervention. program memory array lies in the relatively small • Complementary Output Generator – the front end number of possible erase/write cycles. -
32-Bit Microcontroller Families Industry’S Broadest and Most Innovative 32-Bit MCU Portfolio
32-bit Microcontrollers 32-bit Microcontroller Families Industry’s Broadest and Most Innovative 32-bit MCU Portfolio www.microchip.com/32bit World-Class 32-bit Microcontrollers Building on the heritage of Microchip Technology’s world-leading 8- and 16-bit microcontrollers, the 32-bit family offers a wide range of products from the industry’s lowest-power to highest-performance MCUs coupled with novel and easy-to-use soft- ware solutions. With a rich ecosystem of development tools, integrated development environments and third-party partners, Microchip’s families of 32-bit microcontrollers accelerate a vast array of embedded designs ranging from secured Internet of Things (IoT) to Functional Safety applications to general-purpose embedded control. Internet of Things Security Functional Safety Graphics and Touch Ultra-Low Power Digital Audio 5V Appliances Automotive Wearables Connected Lighting Motor Control Metering Broad Portfolio with Smart Peripheral Mix and Multiple Performance Options High Performance SAMS, SAME, SAMV Cortex-M7, 600 DMIPS, 512–2048 KB Flash PIC32MZ EF MIPS M-Class, 415 DMIPS, 512–2048 KB Flash Mid-Range PIC32MZ DA PIC32MK MC/GP MIPS microApv™, 330 DMIPS, 32 MB SDRAM, MIPS microApv, 198 DMIPS, 256–1024 KB Flash 1-2 MB Flash SAMD5/E5, SAM4N/4S/4E/4L, SAMG Cortex-M4/M4F, 150 DMIPS, 128–2048 KB Flash e PIC32MX3/4 MIPS M4K, 131/150 DMIPS, 64–512 KB Flash ormanc PIC32MX5/6/7 rf MIPS M4K, 105 DMIPS, 64–512 KB Flash Pe SAM7, SAM3, AVR32 Baseline Legacy 32-bit PIC32MX1/2/5 (XLP) MIPS M4K, 116 DMIPS, 16–512 KB Flash SAMD, SAML, -
CS 161, Lecture 8: Error Handling and Functions – 29 January 2018 Revisit Error Handling
CS 161, Lecture 8: Error Handling and Functions – 29 January 2018 Revisit Error Handling • Prevent our program from crashing • Reasons programs will crash or have issues: • Syntax Error – prevents compilation, the programmer caused this by mistyping or breaking language rules • Logic Errors – the code does not perform as expected because the underlying logic is incorrect such as off by one, iterating in the wrong direction, having conditions which will never end or be met, etc. • Runtime Errors – program stops running due to segmentation fault or infinite loop potentially caused by trying to access memory that is not allocated, bad user input that was not handled, etc. check_length • The end of a string is determined by the invisible null character ‘\0’ • while the character in the string is not null, keep counting Assignment 3 Notes • Allowed functions: • From <string>: .length(), getline(), [], += • From <cmath>: pow() • Typecasting allowed only if the character being converted fits the stated criterion (i.e. character was confirmed as an int, letter, etc.) • ASCII Chart should be used heavily http://www.asciitable.com/ Debugging Side Bar • Read compiler messages when you have a syntax error • If you suspect a logic error -> print everything! • Allows you to track the values stored in your variables, especially in loops and changing scopes • Gives you a sense of what is executing when in your program Decomposition • Divide problem into subtasks • Procedural Decomposition: get ready in the morning, cooking, etc. • Incremental Programming: -
Automatic Repair of Infinite Loops
Automatic Repair of Infinite Loops Sebastian R. Lamelas Marcote Martin Monperrus University of Buenos Aires University of Lille & INRIA Argentina France Abstract Research on automatic software repair is concerned with the develop- ment of systems that automatically detect and repair bugs. One well-known class of bugs is the infinite loop. Every computer programmer or user has, at least once, experienced this type of bug. We state the problem of repairing infinite loops in the context of test-suite based software repair: given a test suite with at least one failing test, generate a patch that makes all test cases pass. Consequently, repairing infinites loop means having at least one test case that hangs by triggering the infinite loop. Our system to automatically repair infinite loops is called Infinitel. We develop a technique to manip- ulate loops so that one can dynamically analyze the number of iterations of loops; decide to interrupt the loop execution; and dynamically examine the state of the loop on a per-iteration basis. Then, in order to synthesize a new loop condition, we encode this set of program states as a code synthesis problem using a technique based on Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT). We evaluate our technique on seven seeded-bugs and on seven real-bugs. Infinitel is able to repair all of them, within seconds up to one hour on a standard laptop configuration. 1 Introduction Research on automatic software repair is concerned with the development of sys- tems that automatically detect and repair bugs. We consider as bug a behavior arXiv:1504.05078v1 [cs.SE] 20 Apr 2015 observed during program execution that does not correspond to the expected one.