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Arctosa Stigmosa and A. Subamylacea Are Two Different Species (Araneae, Lycosidae)

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Arctosa Stigmosa and A. Subamylacea Are Two Different Species (Araneae, Lycosidae) 2007. The Journal of Arachnology 35:171–180 ARCTOSA STIGMOSA AND A. SUBAMYLACEA ARE TWO DIFFERENT SPECIES (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE) Jung-Sun Yoo1: Department of Terrestrial Invertebrates, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia; and School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; and Research Institute for Natural Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea. E-mail: [email protected] Volker W. Framenau: Department of Terrestrial Invertebrates, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia Joo-Pil Kim: Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea ABSTRACT. The Asian wolf spider Arctosa subamylacea (Bo¨senberg & Strand 1906), originally de- scribed from Japan, is currently treated as a junior synonym of the European Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell 1875). However, both species differ noticeably in genital and somatic morphology. Here, we remove A. subamylacea from its synonymy with A. stigmosa and redescribe both species from material recently collected in Asia and Europe. Both species differ in their habitat preferences, as A. stigmosa typically inhabits gravel and sandy habitats in alluvial river floodplains, whereas A. subamylacea lives in low vegetation near hills and in agricultural areas, sometimes near ponds and lakesides. Keywords: Lycosinae, synonymy, morphological character, tegular apophysis Wolf spiders (family Lycosidae Sundevall to Asian species, recent molecular data sug- 1833) are distributed worldwide and represent gests that Arctosa does not represent a mono- a very diverse family of typically ground liv- phyletic taxon (Murphy et al. 2006; Park et al. ing spiders. Wolf spiders are easily recognized 2007). by their distinct eye arrangement, a notched Arctosa subamylacea (Bo¨senberg & Strand trochanter and their mobile brood care (Don- 1906) was initially described from Japan and dale & Redner 1990), however the systematics later regarded as a senior synonym of Arctosa and taxonomy of the group below the family cervina Schenkel 1936, originally described level are still far from settled (Murphy et al. from China (Paik 1994). Earlier Zhang (1987) 2006). The genus Arctosa C.L. Koch 1848 synonymized A. cervina with the European A. represents a particularly puzzling systematic stigmosa (Thorell 1875) resulting in the cur- example. Recent molecular data could not rent synonymy of A. subamylacea and A. stig- confirm the traditional assumption that Arc- mosa (Platnick 2007). However, the synony- tosa is representative of the subfamily Lycos- my of both species has always been in dispute inae (e.g., Dondale 1986), and the genus may (Marusik et al. 2000; T. Kronestedt and H. Ta- represent a new subfamily altogether (Murphy naka pers. comm.). et al. 2006; see also Zehethofer & Sturmbauer To elucidate the separate identities of A. 1998; Vink et al. 2002). The limitation of Arc- subamylacea and A. stigmosa we examined tosa itself has caused considerable controver- representatives from across the known range sy for quite some time (e.g., Braun 1963; Oli- of the taxa in Europe and Asia, including ger et al. 2002) and, in particular, in relation specimens from near the type localities of both species, i.e., Ukraine in the case of A. 1 Current address: Graduate Program in Eco Sci- stigmosa, and Japan in the case of A. suba- ence, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, mylacea. Despite close similarities the de- Daehyun-dong 11-1, Seoul 120-750, Korea. tailed comparison of somatic and genitalic 171 172 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY characters revealed distinct and constant dif- Diagnosis (after Dondale & Redner 1983 ferences between specimens from Europe and and Paik 1994).—Medium to large spiders Asia that warrant a refutation of Zhang’s (5–16 mm). Carapace broad, rather low, and (1987) synonymy and a consideration of A. approximately even in height between median stigmosa and A. sybamylacea as distinct spe- furrow and posterior eye row; coloration gray- cies. ish-brown to black or mottled with gray or METHODS brown without properly defined longitudinal light bands. Chelicerae with two or three pro- We examined specimens collected in the marginal teeth and three retromarginal teeth. countries from which both species were orig- Abdomen usually pale and mottled, similar in inally described, i.e., Ukraine (A. stigmosa) and Japan (A. subamylacea) and additional color to carapace. Tegular apophysis of male spiders from their putative ranges. Species de- pedipalp prominent, sclerotized, elongate, scriptions are based on specimens preserved grooved or excavated on distal surface. Ter- and examined in 75% alcohol under an Olym- minal apophysis conspicuous, in two parts or pus SZH10 stereomicroscope. For scanning in one part, sometimes in different degrees of electron microscope photography with a Leo sclerotization. Embolus straight or curved. 1420VP scanning electron microscope (Carl Epigynum of female usually with conspicuous Zeiss, Oberhofen/Germany), a dissected right atrium divided by median septum, no anterior pedipalp of A. subamylacea (lodged at hoods. NIAST) was fixed with Karnovsky’s fixative Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell 1875) and osmic acid, and sputter coated with gold. Figs. 1–5, 11, 12 Morphological nomenclature follows Framen- Trochosa stigmosa Thorell 1875a:107–108; Thorell au & Yoo (2006). All measurements are in 1875b:175–176; Chyzer & Kulczyn´ski 1891:74, millimeters (mm) and are based on adult spi- pl. 3, fig. 13. ders. Lycosa stigmosa (Thorell): Simon 1876:280. Abbreviations.—Measurements (in mm): Lycosa vigilans L. Koch 1881:69–71, fig. 13 (syn- total length (TL), carapace length (CL) and onymy established in Dahl 1908). width (CW), abdomen length (AL) and width Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell): Dahl 1908:308, 321, (AW). Eyes: anterior row of eyes (AER), an- fig. 38; Lugetti & Tongiorgi 1966:139–141, fig. terior median (AME), anterior lateral (ALE), II (1–4); Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1971:187– posterior row of eyes (PER), posterior median 189, figs. 92a–e; Miller 1971:165, pl. 25, fig. 29, (PME), posterior lateral (PLE). QPE ϭ quad- pl. 36, fig. 2; Loksa 1972:55, fig. 49C–D; Heimer rangle of posterior eyes. Collections: ASJ ϭ & Nentwig 1991:320, fig. 855; Aakra 2000:157, figs. 3A–B, 4. Arachnological Society of Japan, Otemon ϭ Arctosa turbida Rosca 1935: 252–254, figs. 11-12 Gakuin University, Osaka, Japan; IKAS In- (synonymy established in Fuhn & Niculescu-Bur- stitute of the Korean Arachnological Society, lacu 1971). Namyangju-si, Korea; NIAST ϭ National In- Lycosa turbida (Rosca): Roewer 1955:270. stitute of Agricultural and Technology, RDA, Cynosa stigmosa (Thorell): Roewer 1955:239. Suwon-si, Korea; SMF ϭ Senckenberg Mu- seum, Frankfurt, Germany; SMNH ϭ Swedish Type specimens.—Trochosa stigmosa: ho- Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Swe- lotype female, UKRAINE: Dnipropetrovsk Ob- den; WAM ϭ Western Australian Museum, last: Dnipropetrovsk (ca. 48Њ28ЈN35Њ00ЈE), Al. Perth, Australia; ZMB ϭ Museum fu¨r Natur- v. Nordmann (Thorell 1875a) [depository un- kunde, Zentralinstitut der Humboldt-Univer- known. The specimen is not present in SMNH sita¨t, Berlin, Germany; ZMH ϭ Zoologisches or Zoological Museum of the University, Hel- Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Universi- sinki where Thorell’s (1875a) types are expected ta¨t Hamburg, Germany. to be housed, T. Kronestedt pers. comm.]. TAXONOMY Lycosa vigilans: holotype female, GER- MANY: Saxonia: near Niesky (ca. 51Њ17ЈN Lycosidae Sundevall 1833 14Њ49ЈE) [depository unknown; seen by Dahl Arctosa C.L. Koch 1847 1908; not in ZMB (Moritz 1992) or ZMH Type species.—Aranea cinerea Fabricius (Rack 1961)]. 1777, by subsequent designation of Simon Arctosa turbida: unknown number of syn- (1937). type males and females, ROMANIA: Sereth: YOO ET AL.—SYNONYMY OF ARCTOSA SPECIES 173 Figures 1–5.—Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell), male and female from Norway (SMNH): 1. Female, dorsal view; 2. Epigynum, ventral view; 3. Male, dorsal view; 4. Male, left pedipalp, ventral view; 5. Left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar: 3.87 mm (Fig. 1); 0.25 mm (Fig. 2); 4.08 mm (Fig. 3); 0.72 mm (Figs. 4, 5). 174 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Horaitz, Baˇlcaˇut¸i (47Њ54ЈN26Њ05ЈE), Calafin- PLE to the end of dark median groove (Fig. des¸ti (47Њ51ЈN26Њ07ЈE) (Rosca 1935) (depos- 3); light spots present near lateral margins but itory unknown; the study was carried out at almost fused to light median band. AER near- the Zoological Institute of the University of ly straight in frontal view and slightly shorter Chernivtsi, Ukraine). than PMR; AME larger than ALE. QPE wider Material examined.—NORWAY: Sør- than long (ratio 100:148). Clypeus height sim- Trøndelag: 1 (,1&, Melhus, Gauldal ilar to the diameter of AME. Chelicerae dark (63Њ16ЈN, 10Њ16ЈE), 5 April 1994, K. Aakra brown. Endites basally brown, apical part off- (SMNH). GERMANY: Bavaria: 1 &, 1 ju- white with pale edge. Labium dark brown, re- venile, Isar River near Vorderriß (river-km bordered whitish. Sternum dark brown with 241) (47Њ34ЈN, 11Њ25ЈE), 16 August 1994, R. lighter edge, sparse black, erect setae that are Manderbach (WAM T56418); 1 &, same lo- denser at margins. Legs light brown, with dark cality, 15 June 1995, R. Manderbach (WAM brown annulations except tarsi I–IV; coxae T56419): 1 (, same locality, 26 August 1994, light brown dorsally and yellowish-brown ( R. Manderbach (WAM T56420); 1 , same ventrally. Leg formula 4123. Spination of leg locality, 15 June 1995, R. Manderbach (WAM I: femur: 3 dorsal (apical spine small), 1 api- ( T56421); 1 , Isar River near Vorderriß (riv- coprolateral; tibia: 2 prolateral (sometimes 1 Њ Ј Њ Ј er-km 242) (47 34 N, 11 26 E), 2 September apicoprolateral), 2 ventral pairs; metatarsus: 1 ( 1994, VWF (WAM T56422); 1 , same lo- prolateral, 2 ventral pairs and 3 apicoventral. cality, 20 May 1994, VWF (WAM T56423); Abdomen dorsally gray; yellow-brown lance- ( 1 , same locality, 13 June 1994, VWF olate cardiac mark with irregular markings ( (WAM T56424); 1 , 1 juvenile same local- (Fig. 3); venter yellowish-brown without pat- ity, 17 June 1994, VWF (WAM T56425); 1 ( Њ Ј tern.
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