DOCSLIB.ORG

Analysis of Climate Change Impact on Water Supply in Northern Istria (Croatia)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analysis of Climate Change Impact on Water Supply in Northern Istria (Croatia) ISSN 1330-3651 (Print), ISSN 1848-6339 (Online) https://doi.org/10.17559/TV-20170809140304 Original scientific paper Analysis of Climate Change Impact on Water Supply in Northern Istria (Croatia) Barbara KARLEUŠA, Josip RUBINIĆ, Maja RADIŠIĆ, Nino KRVAVICA Abstract: This paper analyses impacts of climate change and anthropogenic pressure on groundwater resources in the Mirna river catchment used for water supply in Northern Istria (Croatia) up to 2050. Using Regional Climate Models simulations and hydrologic model, the future average annual and the characteristic (in critical period) water resource availabilities were calculated. Current and five future water demand scenarios were analysed. Water Exploitation Index (WEI) and modified Characteristic Water Exploitation Index (CWEI) were calculated. In 2050, the analysed springs will be subject to climate change consequences, with more extreme changes and intense variations. The WEI for average conditions indicates little risk of unmet future water demand. Considering seasonal variability, the future CWEIs indicates strong risk for most future water demand scenarios and overexploitation for water demand increases over 20%. The 2012 drought, more extreme than any considered future scenario, was also examined. Keywords: climate change; drinking water supply; water resources availability 1 INTRODUCTION Regardless of the methodology used to simulate climate change, the impact of climate change on the water The Mediterranean basin, including the Adriatic Sea resources in the Mediterranean has been confirmed in region, is a region that is very sensitive to climate change different studies [13-15]. Based on scenarios of varying and anthropogenic impacts [1]. According to Xoplaki et al. future temperature and precipitation to analyse the changes [2], since the 1970s, the mean annual temperatures in the in groundwater recharge and in agricultural water demand Mediterranean region have increased by 0.1 °C per decade, for the West Bank of the Mediterranean basin, Mizyed 15] and precipitation has decreased by 25 mm per decade. concluded that the groundwater recharge could decrease by Temperatures are expected to increase by 1.5-2.5°C, and up to 50%. precipitation is expected to decrease by 5% to 20% up to Water supply system and sources vulnerability due to 2050 [3], which could significantly decrease (30-50%) climate change are analysed by researchers in the freshwater resources throughout the Mediterranean basin. Monterrey Metropolitan Area of northern Mexico [7] and In the Adriatic region, the decrease of 15% of freshwater is on Mexico City [16]. However, only a small number of expected in northern Italy and the Balkans [3]. Climate papers have investigated mitigation measures and adaptive changes cause more frequent drought and flood strategies for drinking water supply [4, 17]. occurrence. On the other hand, an increase in water Impact of climate change on water resources used for demand is expected due to increasing urbanisation, drinking water supply in the Adriatic region has been agricultural production and tourism activities, increasing investigated within the DRINKADRIA project [18, 19]. the withdrawal of and pressures on regional water This paper presents the investigation of the climate resources [4]. Changes in land use potentially affect the change impacts and the anthropogenic pressure on available water resources too (e.g. increased intercepted groundwater resources in the river Mirna catchment that precipitation in case of enlarging the forest area [5]). are used for drinking water supply in Northern Istria Water resource and supply vulnerability and risk (Croatia, Northern part of the Adriatic sea region) to give assessments, water scarcity estimates and drought analyses the basis for preparation of adaptation and mitigation due to climate change impacts are necessary for avoiding strategies up to year 2050. Analysing the impacts of future water crises and preparing adaptation measures to climate change on water resource availability consists of mitigate the consequences of such crises [6,7]. using RCMs to simulate the change in temperature and Numerous studies have investigated the impact of precipitation up to 2050. Then, based on the results from climate change on water resources worldwide (e.g. [8]); climate modelling, a hydrological model is applied to many have also analysed the impacts of human activities calculate the future average annual water resource on water resources (e.g. [9]). Recently, more research has availability and characteristic renewable water resources been conducted to simulate the impacts of climate change availability (critical period), which are compared to past on water resources in future. This can be done by using availability to estimate the changes. various methodologies [10]: coupling Global Circulation Water demand analysis was conducted for the present Models (GCMs) with hydrologic models through demand and for five future water demand scenarios. To downscaling techniques, coupling high-resolution estimate the water resource vulnerability in Northern Istria, Regional Climate Models (RCMs) with hydrologic models the Water Exploitation Index (WEI) was calculated [20]. and using hypothetical scenarios as inputs to hydrologic However, to encompass the strong seasonal variability of models. Coupling high-resolution RCMs with hydrologic the water demand and water resource availability, a models has frequently been used to model the climate modified Characteristic Water Exploitation Index (CWEI) change impacts on hydrological regimes and water was also used. resources in the mid- to long-term future in Europe [11, The 2012 drought, which was more extreme than any 12]. considered future scenario, was also examined. 366 Technical Gazette 25, Suppl. 2(2018), 366-374 Barbara KARLEUŠA et al.: Analysis of Climate Change Impact on Water Supply in Northern Istria (Croatia) 2 STUDY AREA The area of the Mirna catchment is most significant in terms of the available groundwater and surface water The river Mirna catchment is the largest drainage basin resources included in the water supply system of Istarski and watercourse in the Istria peninsula and covers vodovod (Water Utility of Istria), the largest of the three approximately 700 km2 (Fig. 1). water supply companies in Istria County. Using spring water for water supply adds pressure to the water resources and the ecosystem of the Mirna River, particularly during the extremely dry years that are becoming increasingly more frequent. The coastal area that is supplied by these springs mostly host tourist activity, leading to increased water demand in the summer months, when the spring yield is the lowest. Severe dry events during the last several decades (e.g., 1986-89, 2002-03, and 2011-12) have shown that the exploitable water resources available in Istria within the constructed water supply systems are at the limit of meeting the current needs. A potential solution is to better optimise the provision of seasonal water reserves from the Butoniga reservoir (45°19'57.8" N 13°55'25.3" E), which also lies in the Mirna catchment (Fig. 1). This reservoir has a volume of approximately 20 million m3, 8 million m3 of Figure 1 Mirna River catchment and location of springs Sv. Ivan, Bulaž and water is used for water supply annually. Gradole and Butoniga reservoir Due to the proximity of the individual spring catchments and the close occurrences of both wet and dry The area of Istrian Peninsula is spreading over 3476 2 2 periods, the water balance characteristics of these three km , of which 2820 km administratively belongs to Istria most significant spring water intakes in this area (i.e., Sv. County. The Mirna catchment area belongs to the Ivan, Gradole and Bulaž) are presented and analysed in the periphery of the Adriatic Carbonate platform. This aggregate in this paper (Fig. 2). geological structure includes carbonate and clastic deposits with stratigraphic ranges from the Upper Jurassic to the Eocene. The parts of the Istrian Peninsula where the surface watercourses are developed are mostly composed of flysch. The northern and northeastern parts of Istria are characterized by significant structural disturbances of the high carbonate massif of Mt Učka and Mt Ćićarija. The central and southeastern parts of Istria belong to the Pazin flysch basin, while the northwestern edge of this area belongs to the Trieste flysch basin. The Buje carbonate anticline rises between these basins, while the western and southwestern parts belong to the western Istrian carbonate anticline. The Mirna River formed its course between the abovementioned structures and partly through a valley area composed of an alluvial deposit reaching deep below sea level, thus retarding groundwater flow. Groundwater emerges from the aquifer, in the form of several significant karst springs in the Mirna catchment at a contact point between the karst hinterland and the alluvial deposits. These springs are Sv. Ivan in the upper Mirna course (45°24'03.2" N 13°58'39.5" E), Bulaž in its middle course (45°22'46.5" N 13°53'17.4" E), and Gradole in its lower course (45°20'37.9" N 13°42'10.9" E) (Fig. 1). The already observed manifestations of climate change are predicted to intensify in this area, where the majority of Figure 2 Distribution of: a) the average monthly discharge and abstracted flow run-off goes underground, and karst springs are the main of Sv. Ivan, Gradole and Bulaž springs and Butoniga reservoir (2003-2014); b) water supply resource
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Article N° 09 Conf. CM², Split, Croatie, 2017
    Conférence Méditerranéenne Côtière et Maritime EDITION 4, SPLIT, CROATIA (2017) Coastal and Maritime Mediterranean Conference Disponible en ligne – http://www.paralia.fr – Available online Adriatic karstic estuaries, their characteristics and evolution Mladen JURAČIĆ 1 1. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia. [email protected] Abstract: The coastal area of the eastern Adriatic is characterized with a prevalence of carbonate rocks and well-developed karst. Present freshwater input into the Adriatic is quite large, mostly through coastal and submarine springs. However, there are also a number of rivers debouching in the Adriatic from the eastern coast. Most of them have canyon like fluviokarstic valleys that were carved dominantly during Pleistocene and were drowned during post-LGM sea-level rise forming estuaries. These estuaries are filled to a different extent during Holocene highstand (last 7.500 years). The intraestuarine delta progradation is rather different in those estuaries depending on the quantity of the river- borne material. Human impact on progradation rate in some of the estuaries has been shown. Keywords: Estuaries, Sedimentation, Intraestuarine delta, Progradation, Allogenic river, Anthopo- genic influence. https://dx.doi.org/10.5150/cmcm.2017.009 45 Mediterranean rocky coasts: Features, processes, evolution and problems 1. Introduction Eastern Adriatic coastal area is formed predominantly in Mesozoic carbonate rocks with well-developed karst (PIKELJ & JURAČIĆ, 2013). Due to prevalent humid climatic conditions and karst maturation present freshwater input into the Adriatic is large, mostly through coastal and submarine springs (vruljas). However, there are also a number of rivers debouching into the Adriatic.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundwater Bodies at Risk
    Results of initial characterization of the groundwater bodies in Croatian karst Zeljka Brkic Croatian Geological Survey Department for Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Zagreb, Croatia Contractor: Croatian Geological Survey, Department for Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Team leader: dr Zeljka Brkic Co-authors: dr Ranko Biondic (Kupa river basin – karst area, Istria, Hrvatsko Primorje) dr Janislav Kapelj (Una river basin – karst area) dr Ante Pavicic (Lika region, northern and middle Dalmacija) dr Ivan Sliskovic (southern Dalmacija) Other associates: dr Sanja Kapelj dr Josip Terzic dr Tamara Markovic Andrej Stroj { On 23 October 2000, the "Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy" or, in short, the EU Water Framework Directive (or even shorter the WFD) was finally adopted. { The purpose of WFD is to establish a framework for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater (protection of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, reduction in pollution groundwater, protection of territorial and marine waters, sustainable water use, …) { WFD is one of the main documents of the European water policy today, with the main objective of achieving “good status” for all waters within a 15-year period What is the groundwater body ? { “groundwater body” means a distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer or aquifers { Member States shall identify, within each river basin district: z all bodies of water used for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption providing more than 10 m3 per day as an average or serving more than 50 persons, and z those bodies of water intended for such future use.
    [Show full text]
  • Transboundary Aquifers in Asia Unesdoc.Unesco.Org/Images/0015/ with Special Emphasis to China, UNESCO- 001589/158963S.Pdf>
    The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion what- soever on the part of UNESCO and or UNILC, in particular concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontier or boundaries. Ms Raya Marina Stephan, Expert in international water law, consultant at UNESCO-IHP, Coordinator of the UNESCO ISARM legal component. This brochure has been prepared for the International Hydrological Program IHP. The editor wishes to thank the UNESCO-IHP Secretariat for its support and in particular Mr. Farès Kessasra and Ms Rosalind Wright. Published in 2009 By the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP Composed by Eric Loddé, 93200 Saint-Denis, France. Printed by UNESCO SC-2008/WS/35 REV ©UNESCO 2009 Printed in France #*#-*0(3"1): Appelgren B. Managing Shared Aquifer Resour- Internationally Shared (Transboundary) Aquifer ces in Africa, IHP-VI, UNESCO, Series on Resources Management, Their Significance and Groundwater No. 8, Paris, France, 2004, Sustainable Management. A framework Docu- <http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/ ment, IHP-VI, Paris, France, November 0013/001385/138581m.pdf>. 2001. <http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ Da Franca N., Miletto M., Donoso M.C et images/0012/001243/124386e.pdf>. al., Sistemas Acuiferos transfronterizos en las Stephan R., Amani A., Otchet A. ‘A Blue Américas: Evaluacion preliminar, Programa Goldmine in Need of Protection’ in UNESCO/OEA ISARM Americas World of Science, Vol. 5, No. 3, July-Sep- No. 1, Montevideo, Washington D.C tember 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Museums and the Representation of Cultural Boundaries in the Upper Adriatic
    Nar. umjet. 43/1, 2006, pp. 15-39, P. Ballinger, Lines in the Water, Peoples on the Map… Original scientific paper Received: 10th Jan. 2006 Accepted: 13th March 2006 UDK 341.222:556.1(497.5-3) PAMELA BALLINGER Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick LINES IN THE WATER, PEOPLES ON THE MAP: MARITIME MUSEUMS AND THE REPRESENTATION OF CULTURAL BOUNDARIES IN THE UPPER ADRIATIC This article explores the relationship between political and symbolic borders in the Gulf of Trieste. The author inquires into the persistence of understandings that map peoples onto specific territories and terrains, such as the stereotypical association of Italians with the coast and Slavic peoples (Slovenes and Croats) with the rural interior. Focusing on representations of maritime culture along two contentious political borders – that between Italy and Slovenia and that between Slovenia and Croatia – the analysis demonstrates that museums become powerful sites for the reproduction of the coast/interior cultural boundary, even when the specific ethnic groups it maps onto change. Keywords: Adriatic, Istria, borders, maritime culture, museums, representations, stereotypes In The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, Fernand Braudel famously argued that, at least into the 17th century, "The Adriatic is perhaps the most unified of all the regions of the sea" (Braudel 1972:125).1 In the succeeding centuries, however, the Adriatic has often been imagined as constituting a border zone between culture areas, languages, religions, and environments. In the 19th century, distinctions between peoples living along the coast and in the interior of the Eastern Adriatic increasingly became mapped onto ethno-national divisions even as the Habsburg Empire fostered a multi-ethnic maritime culture centered on Trieste/Trst and 1 The research for this article was made possible by monies from the Rusack Fund at the Coastal Studies Center at Bowdoin College.
    [Show full text]
  • Olm, Proteus Anguinus
    Olm, Proteus anguinus Compiler: Jelić, D. Contributors: Jelić, D.; Jalžić, B.; Kletečki, E.; Koller, K.; Jalžić, V.; Kovač-Konrad, P. Suggested citation: Jelić, D. (2014): A survival blueprint for the olm, Proteus anguinus. Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Croatian Herpetological Society, Zagreb, Croatia. 1. STATUS REVIEW 1.1 Taxonomy: Chordata > Amphibia > Caudata > Proteidae > Proteus > anguinus Most populations are assigned to the subterranean subspecies Proteus anguinus anguinus. Unlike the nominate form, the genetically similar subspecies P.a. parkelj from Bela Krajina in Slovenia is pigmented and might represent a distinct species, although a recent genetic study suggests that the two subspecies are poorly differentiated at the molecular level and may not even warrant subspecies status (Goricki and Trontelj 2006). Isolated populations from Istria peninsula in Croatia are genetically and morphologically differentiated as separate unnamed taxon (Goricki and Trontelj 2006). Croatian: Čovječja ribica English: Olm, Proteus, Cave salamander French: Protee Slovenian: Čovješka ribica, močeril German: Grottenolm 1.2 Distribution and population status: 1.2.1 Global distribution: Country Population Distribution Population trend Notes estimate (plus references) (plus references) Croatia 68 localities (Jelić 3 separate Decline has been et al. 2012) subpopulations: observed through Istria, Gorski devastation of kotar and several cave Dalmatia systems in all regions (Jelić et al. 2012) Italy 29 localities (Sket Just the A decline has been 1997) easternmost observed in the region around population of Trieste, Gradisce Goriza (Italy) (Gasc and Monfalcone et al. 1997). Slovenia 158 localities 4 populations A decline has been (Sket 1997) distributed from observed in the Vipava river in the population in west (border with Postojna (Slovenia) Italy) to Kupa (Gasc et al.
    [Show full text]
  • LANDSCAPE STUDY of the ISLAND of CRES Local Development LOCAL DEVELOPMENT Pilot Project ISLAND of PILOT PROJECT “ISLAND CRES of CRES”
    Local development pilot project LANDSCAPE STUDY OF THE ISLAND OF CRES Local Development LOCAL DEVELOPMENT Pilot Project ISLAND OF PILOT PROJECT “ISLAND CRES OF CRES” PROJECT IMPLEMENTED BY: OTRA d.o.o. PROJECT FINANCIALLY SUPPORTED BY: Council of Europe Ministry of culture Primorje-Gorski kotar County Town of Cres ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document would not have been possible without cooperation and contribution of all the stakeholders involved in this project: Institutions: Ministry of culture of the Republic of Croatia │ Ministry of environmental and nature protection of the │ Republic of Croatia │ Oikon d.o.o. │ 3e projekti d.o.o. Members of the coordination team: dr. sc. Tatjana Lolić │ dr. sc. Ugo Toić │ Tanja Kremenić, mag. geogr. │ Mirna Bojić, dipl. ing. agr. │ dr. sc. Goran Andlar │ dr. sc. Biserka Dumbović-Bilušić │ mr. sc. Ksenija Petrić, dipl. ing. arh. │ Višnja Šteko, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Narrators: Inhabitants of the island of Cres and experts involved in this project LANDSCAPE STUDY OF THE ISLAND OF CRES Mentors: dr. sc. Goran Andlar, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Tanja Kremenić, mag. geogr. Miran Križanić, mag. ing. arh. Marija Borovičkić, mag. hist. art. et ethnol. et anthrop. Council of Europe consultant Alexis Gérard, krajobrazni arhitekt Executive team: Nikolina Krešo, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Marija Kušan, stud. prosp. arch. Ana Knežević, stud. prosp. arch. Anita Trojanović, stud. prosp. arch. Jure Čulić, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Mateja Leljak, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Dijana Krišto, stud. prosp. arch. Tanja Udovč, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Cres, December 2015 4 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................7 4.2. Landscape Unit Of The Town Of Cres .......................................
    [Show full text]
  • National Reviews 1998 Slovenia Executive Summary
    DANUBE POLLUTION REDUCTION PROGRAMME NATIONAL REVIEWS 1998 SLOVENIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND PHYSICAL PLANNING in cooperation with the Programme Coordination Unit UNDP/GEF Assistance DANUBE POLLUTION REDUCTION PROGRAMME NATIONAL REVIEWS 1998 SLOVENIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND PHYSICAL PLANNING in cooperation with the Programme Coordination Unit UNDP/GEF Assistance Preface The National Reviews were designed to produce basic data and information for the elaboration of the Pollution Reduction Programme (PRP), the Transboundary Analysis and the revision of the Strategic Action Plan of the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR). Particular attention was also given to collect data and information for specific purposes concerning the development of the Danube Water Quality Model, the identification and evaluation of hot spots, the analysis of social and economic factors, the preparation of an investment portfolio and the development of financing mechanisms for the implementation of the ICPDR Action Plan. For the elaboration of the National Reviews, a team of national experts was recruited in each of the participating countries for a period of one to four months covering the following positions: Socio-economist with knowledge in population studies, Financial expert (preferably from the Ministry of Finance), Water Quality Data expert/information specialist, Water Engineering expert with knowledge in project development. Each of the experts had to organize his or her work under the supervision of the respective Country Programme Coordinator and with the guidance of a team of International Consultants. The tasks were laid out in specific Terms of Reference. At a Regional Workshop in Budapest from 27 to 29 January 1998, the national teams and the group of international consultants discussed in detail the methodological approach and the content of the National Reviews to assure coherence of results.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologia Croatica 68/3 209-224 9 Figs
    Geologia Croatica 68/3 209-224 9 Figs. 4 Tabs. Zagreb 2015 Environmental changes in the lower Mirna River valley (Istria, Croatia) during the Middle and Late Holocene Igor Felja1, Alessandro Fontana2, Stefano Furlani3, Zlatan Bajraktarević1, Anja Paradžik1, Ena Topalović1, Sandro Rossato2, Vlasta Ćosović1 & Mladen Juračić1 1 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ([email protected], [email protected]) 2 University of Padova, Department of Geosciences, Via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy ([email protected]) 3 University of Trieste, Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, Via Weiss 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy ([email protected]) doi: 10.4154/gc.2015.16 GeologiaGeologia CroaticaCroatica ABSTRACT Sedimentological, macro- and micropaleontological analyses on 3 cores down to 13 m depth were carried out in the lower section of the Mirna River valley, in order to study the depositional facies and the environmental evolution. The Holocene marine transgression reached upstream for 7 km from the present-day coast, while in the last 7 ka it was followed by progradation of the Mirna River estuarine delta. The protected coast offered by the lower valley and the strong input of fresh water led to the presence of a brackish microfauna in front of the river mouth. The oldest sediments in the cores were characterized by the dominance of Ammonia beccarii and significant propor- tions of Elphidium spp. and miliolids suggesting a marine/estuarine origin. The foraminiferal assemblage in the over- lying sediments became less diverse, as the relative abundance of Elphidium spp. and miliolids dropped, implying a shift to a transitional environment (inner estuarine/lagoon facies, Bb).
    [Show full text]
  • And Hydrology in the Hutovo Blato Natural Park (Neretva River Delta, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Phyton, Annales Rei Botanicae, Horn Jahr/Year: 2003 Band/Volume: 43_2 Autor(en)/Author(s): Jasprica Jasprica Nenad, Caric Marina, Batistic Mirna Artikel/Article: The Marshland Vegetation (Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, Isoëto-Nanojuncetea) and Hydrology in the Hutovo Blato Natural Park (Neretva River Delta, Bosnia and Herzegovina). 281-294 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Phyton (Horn, Austria) Vol. 43 Fasc. 2 281-294 29. 12. 2003 The Marshland Vegetation (Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, Isoeto-Nanojuncetea) and Hydrology in the Hutovo Blato Natural Park (Neretva River Delta, Bosnia and Herzegovina) By Nenad JASPRICA*), Marina CARIC*) and Mirna BATISTIC*) With 3 Figures Received September 19, 2002 Keywords: Marshland vegetation, hydrology. - Neretva River delta, Hutovo Blato Natural Park, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe. Summary JASPRICA N., CARIC M. & BATISTIC M. 2003. The marshland vegetation (Phrag- mito-Magnocaricetea, Isoeto-Nanojuncetea) and hydrology in the Hutovo Blato Natural Park (Neretva River delta, Bosnia and Herzegovina). - Phyton (Horn, Aus- tria) 43 (2): 281-294, 3 figures. - English with German summary. The natural park of Hutovo Blato, Bosnia and Herzegovina, is one of the most important parts of the upper reaches of the Neretva River delta. In total, 11 plant communities of Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, and three plant communities of Isoeto- Nanojuncetea were noted, based on 64 phytocoenological releves. Of all the associa- tions of the Phragmition alliance, the stands of the Scirpetum lacustris colonize the areas with deepest waters - 0.5-1 m. The association Phalaridetum arundinaceae develops on the dryest habitats on the external margins and in terrain depressions along the Krupa River.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for Updating the Strategic Action Programme for the Conservation of Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean Region (SAP/BIO) on Climate Change Issues
    EP United Nations Environnement Programme UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG.331/13 30 April 2009 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN Ninth Meeting of Focal Points for SPAs Floriana, Malta, 3-6 June 2009 Proposal for updating the Strategic Action Programme for the Conservation of Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean Region (SAP/BIO) on Climate Change Issues UNEP RAC/SPA - Tunis, 2009 Note: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily represent the views of UNEP. © 2009 United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat B.P. 337 - 1080 Tunis CEDEX E-mail : [email protected] The original version (English) of this document has been prepared by the Secretariat : With the international consultants Atef LIMAM (overall co-ordination and review) Sami BEN HADJ. RAC-SPA International consultant (Arabic Mediterranean cluster documentation) Jose Antonio GARCIA CHARTON, RAC-SPA International consultant (North Mediterranean non-Adriatic and Israel cluster documentation) Arsen PAVASOVIC, RAC-SPA International consultant (regional synthesis document, Adriatic cluster documentation) Francesco PITITTO* (organization of the document and review) Giovanni TORCHIA* (organization of the document and review) * NAUTILUS Cooperative UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG.331/13 Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 3 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geotechnical Properties of the Sediment Body in the Estuary of the Raša River, Croatia
    The geotechnical properties of the sediment body in the estuary of the Raša River, Croatia Ž. Arbanas1, 2, Č. Benac2 & J. Rubinić2 1Civil Engineering Institute of Croatia, Department of Rijeka, Croatia 2Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, Croatia Abstract The Raša River valley and its estuary are located on the eastern part of Istrian peninsula (north-eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea). Intensive sedimentation in microtidal estuary environment started due to a lowering of sea level during the Holocene. Most of the sediments were brought over by erosion of Paleogene flysch rock mass on the uperstream catchments area and Quaternary deposits from the ancient Čepić Lake. Slow sea level rise during the last 6.000 years created the conditions for filling the earlier formed karstic estuary. Because of intensive sedimentation the mouth of the Raša River was shifted for approximately 4 km in the last 240 years. The sediment body has uniform granulometric composition, where silt and clay material prevails. The process of consolidation by gravitational compaction is not finished yet. Liquid consistency at the surface of all profiles is a result of high water contents. Substitution of fresh-water by salt seawater in pores causes new changes of cation substitution and changes in clay plasticity properties. The Raša River estuary is a typical model of river-dominated disequilibrium estuary. The sedimentation occurs under micro tidal conditions and low wave energy. An average sedimentation rate is approximately 78.000 t/yr of terrigenous matter, and average deposition rate is 0.15 m/yr. Today the Raša River valley is one of the best locations for the harbour and the industrial development in the North Adriatic area.
    [Show full text]
  • Alien Macroinvertebrates in Croatian Freshwaters
    Aquatic Invasions (2020) Volume 15, Issue 4: 593–615 CORRECTED PROOF Review Alien macroinvertebrates in Croatian freshwaters Krešimir Žganec1,*, Jasna Lajtner2, Renata Ćuk3, Petar Crnčan4, Ivana Pušić5, Ana Atanacković6, Tomislav Kralj7, Damir Valić7, Mišel Jelić8 and Ivana Maguire2 1University of Zadar, Department of Teacher Education Studies in Gospić, dr. Ante Starčevića 12, 53000 Gospić, Croatia 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia 3Hrvatske Vode, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 4Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 5GEONATURA Ltd., Fallerovo šetalište 22, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 6Department for Hydroecology and Water protection, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despota Stefana Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia 7Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 8Department of Natural Sciences, Varaždin City Museum, Šetalište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera 3, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia Author e-mails: [email protected] (KŽ), [email protected] (JL), [email protected] (IM), [email protected] (RC), [email protected] (PC), [email protected] (IP), [email protected] (TK), [email protected] (DV), [email protected] (MJ), [email protected] (AA) *Corresponding author Citation: Žganec K, Lajtner J, Ćuk R, Crnčan P, Pušić I, Atanacković A, Kralj T, Abstract Valić D, Jelić M, Maguire I (2020) Alien macroinvertebrates in Croatian freshwaters. Alien aquatic macroinvertebrates, especially invasive crustaceans and molluscs, Aquatic Invasions 15(4): 593–615, have heavily impacted native species and ecosystem processes in freshwaters https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2020.15.4.04 worldwide.
    [Show full text]