Deep-Reef Fish Communities of the Great Barrier Reef Shelf-Break: Trophic Structure and Habitat Associations
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Reef Snappers (Lutjanidae)
#05 Reef snappers (Lutjanidae) Two-spot red snapper (Lutjanus bohar) Mangrove red snapper Blacktail snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) (Lutjanus fulvus) Common bluestripe snapper (Lutjanus kasmira) Humpback red snapper Emperor red snapper (Lutjanus gibbus) (Lutjanus sebae) Species & Distribution Habitats & Feeding The family Lutjanidae contains more than 100 species of Although most snappers live near coral reefs, some species tropical and sub-tropical fi sh known as snappers. are found in areas of less salty water in the mouths of rivers. Most species of interest in the inshore fi sheries of Pacifi c Islands belong to the genus Lutjanus, which contains about The young of some species school on seagrass beds and 60 species. sandy areas, while larger fi sh may be more solitary and live on coral reefs. Many species gather in large feeding schools One of the most widely distributed of the snappers in the around coral formations during daylight hours. Pacifi c Ocean is the common bluestripe snapper, Lutjanus kasmira, which reaches lengths of about 30 cm. The species Snappers feed on smaller fi sh, crabs, shrimps, and sea snails. is found in many Pacifi c Islands and was introduced into They are eaten by a number of larger fi sh. In some locations, Hawaii in the 1950s. species such as the two-spot red snapper, Lutjanus bohar, are responsible for ciguatera fi sh poisoning (see the glossary in the Guide to Information Sheets). #05 Reef snappers (Lutjanidae) Reproduction & Life cycle Snappers have separate sexes. Smaller species have a maximum lifespan of about 4 years and larger species live for more than 15 years. -
Winds, Waves, and Bubbles at the Air-Sea Boundary
JEFFREY L. HANSON WINDS, WAVES, AND BUBBLES AT THE AIR-SEA BOUNDARY Subsurface bubbles are now recognized as a dominant acoustic scattering and reverberation mechanism in the upper ocean. A better understanding of the complex mechanisms responsible for subsurface bubbles should lead to an improved prediction capability for underwater sonar. The Applied Physics Laboratory recently conducted a unique experiment to investigate which air-sea descriptors are most important for subsurface bubbles and acoustic scatter. Initial analyses indicate that wind-history variables provide better predictors of subsurface bubble-cloud development than do wave-breaking estimates. The results suggest that a close coupling exists between the wind field and the upper-ocean mixing processes, such as Langmuir circulation, that distribute and organize the bubble populations. INTRODUCTION A multiyear series of experiments, conducted under the that, in the Gulf of Alaska wintertime environment, the auspices of the Navy-sponsored acoustic program, Crit amount of wave-breaking activity may not be an ideal ical Sea Test (CST), I has been under way since 1986 with indicator of deep bubble-cloud formation. Instead, the the charter to investigate environmental, scientific, and penetration of bubbles is more closely tied to short-term technical issues related to the performance of low-fre wind fluctuations, suggesting a close coupling between quency (100-1000 Hz) active acoustics. One key aspect the wind field and upper-ocean mixing processes that of CST is the investigation of acoustic backscatter and distribute and organize the bubble populations within the reverberation from upper-ocean features such as surface mixed layer. waves and bubble clouds. -
Wetsuits Raises the Bar Once Again, in Both Design and Technological Advances
Orca evokes the instinct and prowess of the powerful ruler of the seas. Like the Orca whale, our designs have always been organic, streamlined and in tune with nature. Our latest 2016 collection of wetsuits raises the bar once again, in both design and technological advances. With never before seen 0.88Free technology used on the Alpha, and the ultimate swim assistance WETSUITS provided by the Predator, to a more gender specific 3.8 to suit male and female needs, down to the latest evolution of the ever popular S-series entry-level wetsuit, Orca once again has something to suit every triathlete’s needs when it comes to the swim. 10 11 TRIATHLON Orca know triathletes and we’ve been helping them to conquer the WETSUITS seven seas now for more than twenty years.Our latest collection of wetsuits reflects this legacy of knowledge and offers something for RANGE every level and style of swimmer. Whether you’re a good swimmer looking for ultimate flexibility, a struggling swimmer who needs all the buoyancy they can get, or a weekend warrior just starting out, Orca has you covered. OPENWATER Swimming in the openwater is something that has always drawn those types of swimmers that find that the largest pool is too small for them. However open water swimming is not without it’s own challenges and Orca’s Openwater collection is designed to offer visibility, and so security, to those who want to take on this sport. 016 SWIMRUN The SwimRun endurance race is a growing sport and the wetsuit requirements for these competitors are unique. -
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SPARIFORMES · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 4.0 - 13 Feb. 2021 Order SPARIFORMES 3 families · 49 genera · 283 species/subspecies Family LETHRINIDAE Emporerfishes and Large-eye Breams 5 genera · 43 species Subfamily Lethrininae Emporerfishes Lethrinus Cuvier 1829 from lethrinia, ancient Greek name for members of the genus Pagellus (Sparidae) which Cuvier applied to this genus Lethrinus amboinensis Bleeker 1854 -ensis, suffix denoting place: Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia, type locality (occurs in eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific from Indonesia east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Japan, south to Western Australia) Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale 1910 patronym not identified but probably in honor of William Sackston Atkinson (1864-ca. 1925), an illustrator who prepared the plates for a paper published by Seale in 1905 and presumably the plates in this 1910 paper as well Lethrinus atlanticus Valenciennes 1830 Atlantic, the only species of the genus (and family) known to occur in the Atlantic Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes 1830 -icus, belonging to: Borbon (or Bourbon), early name for Réunion island, western Mascarenes, type locality (occurs in Red Sea and western Indian Ocean from Persian Gulf and East Africa to Socotra, Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion, and the Mascarenes) Lethrinus conchyliatus (Smith 1959) clothed in purple, etymology not explained, probably referring to “bright mauve” area at central basal part of pectoral fins on living specimens Lethrinus crocineus -
Pacific Plate Biogeography, with Special Reference to Shorefishes
Pacific Plate Biogeography, with Special Reference to Shorefishes VICTOR G. SPRINGER m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 367 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoo/ogy Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. -
Coral Reef Fishes Which Forage in the Water Column
HelgotS.nder wiss. Meeresunters, 24, 292-306 (1973) Coral reef fishes which forage in the water column A review of their morphology, behavior, ecology and evolutionary implications W. P. DAVIS1, & R. S. BIRDSONG2 1 Mediterranean Marine Sorting Center; Khereddine, Tunisia, and 2 Department of Biology, Old Dominion University; Norfolk, Virginia, USA EXTRAIT: <<Fourrages. des poissons des r&ifs de coraux dans la colonne d'eau: Morpholo- gie, comportement, &ologie et ~volution. Dans un biotope ~t r&if de coraiI, des esp&es &roitement li~es peuvent servir d'exempIe de diff~renciatlon sur le plan de t'~volutlon. La radiation ~volutive de poissons repr&entant plusieurs familles du r~eif corallien tropical a conduit ~t plusieurs reprises ~t la formation de <dourragers dans la colonne d'eam>. Ce mode de vie comporte une s~rie de caract~res morphologiques et &hologiques d~finis. On trouve des ~xemples similaires dans I'eau douce et dans des habitats non tropicaux. Les traits distinctifs de cette sp&ialisation, la syst6matique, les caract~rlstiques &ologiques et celies se rapportant ~t l'6volution sont d&rits et discut~s. INTRODUCTION The rapid adoption of in situ studies to investigate lifeways of organisms in the oceans is succeeding in bringing the laboratory to the ocean. Before, the conclusions that observers and scientists were classically forced to accept oPcen represented in- accurate abstractions of things that could not be observed. During the past 10-20 years the cataloging of the fauna and flora of the coral reef habitats has been carried out at an escalated rate, coupled with the many and vast improvements in tools, allowing increased periods of continual observation under sea. -
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Demersal Fish Fauna in a Baltic Archipelago As Estimated by SCUBA Census
MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 23: 3143, 1985 Published April 25 Mar. Ecol. hog. Ser. 1 l Spatial and temporal distribution of the demersal fish fauna in a Baltic archipelago as estimated by SCUBA census B.-0. Jansson, G. Aneer & S. Nellbring Asko Laboratory, Institute of Marine Ecology, University of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT: A quantitative investigation of the demersal fish fauna of a 160 km2 archipelago area in the northern Baltic proper was carried out by SCUBA census technique. Thirty-four stations covering seaweed areas, shallow soft bottoms with seagrass and pond weeds, and deeper, naked soft bottoms down to a depth of 21 m were visited at all seasons. The results are compared with those obtained by traditional gill-net fishing. The dominating species are the gobiids (particularly Pornatoschistus rninutus) which make up 75 % of the total fish fauna but only 8.4 % of the total biomass. Zoarces viviparus, Cottus gobio and Platichtys flesus are common elements, with P. flesus constituting more than half of the biomass. Low abundance of all species except Z. viviparus is found in March-April, gobies having a maximum in September-October and P. flesus in November. Spatially, P. rninutus shows the widest vertical range being about equally distributed between surface and 20 m depth. C. gobio aggregates in the upper 10 m. The Mytilus bottoms and the deeper soft bottoms are the most populated areas. The former is characterized by Gobius niger, Z. viviparus and Pholis gunnellus which use the shelter offered by the numerous boulders and stones. The latter is totally dominated by P. -
Shrinking Shark Numbers on the Great Barrier Reef Unlikely to Have Cascading Impacts
Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation 821 Chesapeake Avenue #3568 • Annapolis, MD 21403 443.221.6844 • LivingOceansFoundation.org FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Shrinking shark numbers on the Great Barrier Reef unlikely to have cascading impacts New evidence suggests that reef sharks exert weak control over coral reef food webs Shark populations are dwindling worldwide, and scientists are concerned that the decline could trigger a cascade of impacts that hurt coral reefs. But a new paper published in Ecology suggests that the effects of shark losses are unlikely to reverberate throughout the marine food web. Instead, the findings point to physical and ecological features, like the structure of coral reefs and patterns of water movement, as important regulators of coral reef communities. Lead author Amelia Desbiens, a marine ecologist at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, conducted the study using data collected by the Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation during its 2014 Global Reef Expedition, which surveyed shark populations on the northern Great Barrier Reef. Back then, this area was one of the most pristine reef regions in the world. The divers were heartened by the dizzying array of fish species in some locations, counting a total of 433 species of coral reef fish across their study area. “We were pleasantly surprised at the status of the coral reefs and fish communities in the northern Great Barrier Reef when we surveyed them in 2014,” said Alex Dempsey, Director of Science Management at the Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, and one of the paper’s authors. “We saw a relatively high percentage of live coral cover, and an abundance of reef fish species that gave us hope that perhaps these reef systems were resilient and have been able to persistently flourish.” They also found that no-fishing zones had four times as many reef sharks as the zones that allow fishing. -
Lethrinus Reticulatus Valenciennes, 1830 Frequent Synonyms / Misidentifications: None / None
click for previous page Perciformes: Percoidei: Lethrinidae 3041 Lethrinus reticulatus Valenciennes, 1830 Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / None. FAO names: En - Redsnout emperor. Diagnostic characters: Body moderately elongate, its depth 2.8 to 3.3 times in standard length. Head length 1.1 to 1.2 times in body depth, 2.5 to 2.8 times in standard length, dorsal profile near eye convex or nearly straight; snout length about 1.9 to 2.4 times in head length, measured without the lip the snout is 0.8 to 0.9 times in cheek height, its dorsal profile concave, snout angle relative to upper jaw between 50° and 60°; interorbital space flat or concave; posterior nostril a longitudinal oblong opening, closer to orbit than anterior nostril; eye situated close to dorsal profile, its length 3.3 to 4.3 times in head length; cheek height 2.7 to 3.4 times in head length; lateral teeth in jaws conical; outer surface of maxilla usually smooth. Dorsal fin with X spines and 9 soft rays, the third dorsal-fin spine the longest, its length 2 to 2.8 times in body depth; anal fin with III spines and 8 soft rays, the first soft ray usually the longest, its length almost equal to, shorter, or slightly longer than length of base of soft-rayed portion of anal fin and 1.4 to 1.8 times in length of entire anal-fin base; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin membranes between rays closest to body without dense melanophores. Lateral-line scales 46 to 48; cheek without scales; 4 ½ scale rows between lateral line and base of middle dorsal-fin spines; 15 or 16 scale rows in transverse series between origin of anal fin and lateral line; usually 15 rows in lower series of scales around caudal peduncle; 7 to 10 scales in supratemporal patch; inner surface of pectoral-fin base without scales; posterior angle of operculum fully scaly. -
Snapper and Grouper: SFP Fisheries Sustainability Overview 2015
Snapper and Grouper: SFP Fisheries Sustainability Overview 2015 Snapper and Grouper: SFP Fisheries Sustainability Overview 2015 Snapper and Grouper: SFP Fisheries Sustainability Overview 2015 Patrícia Amorim | Fishery Analyst, Systems Division | [email protected] Megan Westmeyer | Fishery Analyst, Strategy Communications and Analyze Division | [email protected] CITATION Amorim, P. and M. Westmeyer. 2016. Snapper and Grouper: SFP Fisheries Sustainability Overview 2015. Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Foundation. 18 pp. Available from www.fishsource.com. PHOTO CREDITS left: Image courtesy of Pedro Veiga (Pedro Veiga Photography) right: Image courtesy of Pedro Veiga (Pedro Veiga Photography) © Sustainable Fisheries Partnership February 2016 KEYWORDS Developing countries, FAO, fisheries, grouper, improvements, seafood sector, small-scale fisheries, snapper, sustainability www.sustainablefish.org i Snapper and Grouper: SFP Fisheries Sustainability Overview 2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The goal of this report is to provide a brief overview of the current status and trends of the snapper and grouper seafood sector, as well as to identify the main gaps of knowledge and highlight areas where improvements are critical to ensure long-term sustainability. Snapper and grouper are important fishery resources with great commercial value for exporters to major international markets. The fisheries also support the livelihoods and food security of many local, small-scale fishing communities worldwide. It is therefore all the more critical that management of these fisheries improves, thus ensuring this important resource will remain available to provide both food and income. Landings of snapper and grouper have been steadily increasing: in the 1950s, total landings were about 50,000 tonnes, but they had grown to more than 612,000 tonnes by 2013. -
Fusion System Components
A Step Change in Military Autonomous Technology Introduction Commercial vs Military AUV operations Typical Military Operation (Man-Portable Class) Fusion System Components User Interface (HMI) Modes of Operation Typical Commercial vs Military AUV (UUV) operations (generalisation) Military Commercial • Intelligence gathering, area survey, reconnaissance, battlespace preparation • Long distance eg pipeline routes, pipeline surveys • Mine countermeasures (MCM), ASW, threat / UXO location and identification • Large areas eg seabed surveys / bathy • Less data, desire for in-mission target recognition and mission adjustment • Large amount of data collected for post-mission analysis • Desire for “hover” ability but often use COTS AUV or adaptations for specific • Predominantly torpedo shaped, require motion to manoeuvre tasks, including hull inspection, payload deployment, sacrificial vehicle • Errors or delays cost money • Errors or delays increase risk • Typical categories: man-portable, lightweight, heavy weight & large vehicle Image courtesy of Subsea Engineering Associates Typical Current Military Operation (Man-Portable Class) Assets Equipment Cost • Survey areas of interest using AUV & identify targets of interest: AUV & Operating Team USD 250k to USD millions • Deploy ROV to perform detailed survey of identified targets: ROV & Operating Team USD 200k to USD 450k • Deploy divers to deal with targets: Dive Team with Nav Aids & USD 25k – USD 100ks Diver Propulsion --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
Effects of Coral Bleaching on Coral Reef Fish Assemblages
Effects of Coral Bleaching on Coral Reef Fish Assemblages Nicholas A J Graham A Thesis submitted to Newcastle University for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Marine Science and Technology Supervisors: Professor Nicholas V C Polunin Professor John C Bythell Examiners: Professor Matthew G Bentley Dr Magnus Nyström First submitted: 1st July 2008 Viva-Voce: 1st September 2008 Abstract Coral reefs have emerged as one of the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate variation and change. While the contribution of climate warming to the loss of live coral cover has been well documented, the associated effects on fish have not. Such information is important as coral reef fish assemblages provide critical contributions to ecosystem function and services. This thesis assesses the medium to long term impacts of coral loss on fish assemblages in the western Indian Ocean. Feeding observations of corallivorous butterflyfish demonstrates that considerable feeding plasticity occurs among habitat types, but strong relationships exist between degree of specialisation and declines in abundance following coral loss. Furthermore, obligate corallivores are lost fairly rapidly following decline in coral cover, whereas facultative corallivores are sustained until the structure of the dead coral begins to erode. Surveys of benthic and fish assemblages in Mauritius spanning 11 years highlight small changes in both benthos and fish through time, but strong spatial trends associated with dredging and inter-specific competition. In Seychelles, although there was little change in biomass of fishery target species above size of first capture, size spectra analysis of the entire assemblage revealed a loss of smaller individuals (<30cm) and an increase in the larger individuals (>45cm).